高中英語人教版一輪學(xué)案語法1-3詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

第三講詞性轉(zhuǎn)換高考最熱點(diǎn)全國卷考頻命題熱考向高考新變化形容詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換3年6考名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞、動詞或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞、形容詞和副詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換是全國卷考查重點(diǎn)2020年全國卷對名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換有所側(cè)重形容詞和副詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換3年11考名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換3年8考考點(diǎn)一名詞與其他詞類的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(一)形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流暢accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private→privacy隱私；私密-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-encedifferent→difference差異silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗-thstrong→strength力氣；強(qiáng)項warm→warmth溫暖；熱情true→truth真實(shí)wide→width寬度-y-ty-itydifficult→difficulty困難cruel→cruelty殘酷；殘暴safe→safety安全disable→disability無能；殘疾responsible→responsibility責(zé)任(二)動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-alapprove→approval贊成；批準(zhǔn)arrive→arrival到來；到達(dá)survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提議；建議-anceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導(dǎo)perform→performance表演；節(jié)目-enceexist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考；查閱-ionattract→attraction吸引construct→construction建設(shè)educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation評估graduate→graduation畢業(yè)-ationexpect→expectation期待；期望explain→explanation解釋consider→consideration考慮imagine→imagination想象力starve→starvation挨餓invite→invitation邀請；請柬-(s)siondiscuss→discussion討論；辯論decide→decision決定admit→admission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)-inghear→hearing聽力；聽覺begin→beginning開始-mentachieve→achievement功績；成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對待；治療equip→equipment設(shè)備-ure-turepress→pressure壓力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure離開；出發(fā)-yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他grow→growth成長；發(fā)展choose→choice選擇vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢(三)表示“人”的名詞后綴在某些形容詞、名詞或動詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人。常見的表示“人”的后綴有：后綴例詞-erclean→cleaner清潔工report→reporter記者strange→stranger陌生人-orinvent→inventor發(fā)明者visit→visitor游客direct→director導(dǎo)演-arlie→liar說謊者beg→beggar乞討者，乞丐-eeemploy→employee雇員interview→interviewee參加面試者train→trainee受訓(xùn)者；學(xué)員-esshost→hostess女主人act→actress女演員-ianmusic→musician音樂家politics→politician政治家history→historian歷史學(xué)家-istart→artist藝術(shù)家science→scientist科學(xué)家piano→pianist鋼琴家-antserve→servant仆人participate→participant參加者assist→assistant助手；圖書管理員◎題組微練(單句語法填空)1．[2021·陜西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)模擬]Onthisday，thousandsofpeopleallaroundtheworldreachedouttomakeanewpositive________(connect)withothers.2．[2021·長春市高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測]Individualswhothrowawaytheirgarbagewithoutsortingitcanbefinedupto200yuan，whilepaniesand________(organize)canfacefinesupto5,000yuan.3．[2021·貴陽市高三適應(yīng)性考試]Thetacticsrepresentthe________(wise)ofChinesepeople.Theyarenotonlyusefulonthebattlefieldbutalsousefulforbusinessandpersonallife.4．[2021·合肥市高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測]Apaintingwitha________(long)ofmetershasreceivedaGuinnessWorldRecordtitleforthelongestdrawingbyanindividualartist.5．[2021·山西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考]Youngkidswanttoimprove________(fit)andlearnChineseculture，adultstakeclassestorelievestressbroughtbywork，andretiredpeoplepracticeittopreventhealthproblems.6．[2020·全國卷Ⅲ]Filledwith________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.考點(diǎn)二形容詞、副詞的前后綴(一)形容詞變副詞的后綴規(guī)則示例一般情況加-lyslow→slowly緩慢地mon→monly普通地immediate→immediately立刻地以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾，將y改為i然后加-lyhappy→happily高興地steady→steadily穩(wěn)定地busy→busily繁忙地noisy→noisily吵鬧地heavy→heavily沉重地healthy→healthily健康地以-le結(jié)尾，去掉e加-ysimple→simply簡單地gentle→gently溫柔地terrible→terribly可怕地possible→possibly可能地probable→probably可能地fortable→fortably舒服地以-ic結(jié)尾，加-allyeconomic→economically經(jīng)濟(jì)地scientific→scientifically科學(xué)地常考且易拼錯的副詞rudely,truly,politely,widely,nicely,closely,fortunately,surprisingly,increasingly,hurriedly,shyly(二)動詞、名詞變形容詞的后綴后綴例詞-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的fort→fortable舒適的fashion→fashionable時髦的suit→suitable合適的reason→reasonable有道理的-almusic→musical音樂的origin→original最初的person→personal個人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的form→formal正式的nation→national全國的-fuldoubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的care→careful細(xì)心的use→useful有用的success→successful成功的help→helpful有幫助的-edscare→scared感到恐懼的confuse→confused感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled迷惑的worry→worried擔(dān)心的bore→bored感到厭倦的excite→excited激動的；興奮的underline→underlined加下劃線的-ingsurprise→surprising令人驚訝的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人滿意的worry→worrying令人擔(dān)心的bore→boring令人厭煩的-ibleaccess→accessible容易達(dá)到的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的-iveact→active積極的；活躍的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive給人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意義的expense→expensive昂貴的-ouscontinue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety→anxious憂慮的caution→cautious十分小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的-sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的trouble→troublesome麻煩的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的dirt→dirty有灰塵的；臟的rain→rainy有雨的snow→snowy有雪的sun→sunny陽光明媚的wind→windy有風(fēng)的cloud→cloudy陰天的-erneast→eastern東方的；向東的west→western西方的；向西的-ishchild→childish孩子氣的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的-icscience→scientific科學(xué)的economy→economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的history→historic歷史上著名的-aryimagine→imaginary想象中的◎題組微練(單句語法填空)1．[2021·昆明市高三“三診一模”]DavidKatzwasupsetbyalltheplasticgoingintothehelpsolvetheproblem，hehada________(create)idea—totreatplasticlikemoney.2．[2021·貴陽市高三適應(yīng)性考試]TheContemporaryMuseumofCalligraphy(書法)containsmanyartpiecesincludingArabic，Chinese,________(Europe)，Indian，JapaneseandSlaviccalligraphicworks.3．[2021·濟(jì)南市高三質(zhì)量評估]Smellsfromcookiesbakinginthekitchenorthesmellofahomemadedishcanbringback________(amaze)memoriesofgrowingup.4．[2019·北京卷]Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend，andit'snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand_________(meaning)collegeexperience.5．[2020·全國卷Ⅲ]Asthesmallboatmoved________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.6．[2021·天津高三八校第二次聯(lián)考]Whatisdrivingthis________(grow)inveganism?Itisbecausepeoplewanttoprotecttheenvironment.考點(diǎn)三變動詞的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴en-able→enable使能夠large→enlarge擴(kuò)大rich→enrich使充實(shí)；使豐富danger→endanger危及courage→encourage鼓勵后綴-enbroad→broaden使變寬ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖銳wide→widen加寬short→shorten變短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使變暗hard→harden使變硬-ifyclass→classify把……分類just→justify證明……正確simple→simplify簡化beauty→beautify美化-izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)memory→memorize記住real→realize認(rèn)識到；實(shí)現(xiàn)◎題組微練(單句語法填空)1．[2019·浙江卷]Besides，whatyoutoldmeaboutyourcountry________(broad)myhorizonsandarousedmyinterestinforeignculture.2．[2019·全國卷Ⅱ]ThepurposeoftheHUNCHprogramsto________(sharp)students'municationskills.考點(diǎn)四轉(zhuǎn)化法轉(zhuǎn)化法是由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為一種或幾種詞類的構(gòu)詞法。這種構(gòu)詞法詞形沒有改變，轉(zhuǎn)化后的單詞在意義上通常與原單詞有密切聯(lián)系。轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)則例詞注意名詞→動詞face(n.臉→v.面對)shoulder(n.肩→v.肩負(fù))water(n.水→v.澆水)back(n.背→v.支持)name(n.名字→v.命名)high，deep，wide用作副詞時表示具體，而highly，deeply，widely表示抽象。動詞→名詞look(v./n.)看try(v./n.)嘗試dream(v./n.)夢想chat(v./n.)聊天形容詞→動詞empty(adj.空的→v.倒空)slow(adj.慢的→v.減慢)dirty(adj.臟的→v.弄臟)warm(adj.暖的→v.使變暖)形容詞→副詞hard(adj.難的→adv.努力)high(adj.高的→adv.高)deep(adj.深的→adv.深)wide(adj.寬的→adv.寬)語法填空解題技法【典例感悟】1．[2020·北京卷]Becauseoftheconfidencesheinspiredinme,I'vecarvedouta________(success)professionasajournalist.2．[2020·新高考山東卷]Inthe18thand19thcenturies,________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.3．[2019·全國卷Ⅲ]Theyalsosharedwithusmany________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere________(huge)popularwithtourists.4．[2021·衡水中學(xué)第一次模擬]Thereisalsono________(evident)thatproteinfromapowderorbarcanimproveathleticperformanceanymorethanproteinfromfood.5．[2021·蘭州高三診斷考試]IfeelproudthatourChinesecultureattractsmanypeoplefromdifferentperformancewasvery________(impress)．6．[2021·廣州市綜合檢測二]NowheandhisChinesefriendsareusingdrones(無人機(jī))________(film)theGreatWall,whichprovidesa________(plete)newandfascinatingperspective.【答題微點(diǎn)】語法填空解題“2策略”1．利用句子成分確定詞性(1)如果要填的詞在句中作主語、賓語或表語要考慮名詞形式。(2)如果要填的詞作定語、表語、主語補(bǔ)足語或賓語補(bǔ)足語，要想到用形容詞；如果作狀語，要想到用副詞。2．根據(jù)修飾詞或被修飾詞確定詞性(1)如果要填的詞被形容詞、定冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾，此時要考慮用名詞形式。(2)如果要填的詞修飾名詞，要想到用形容詞；如果修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，要想到用副詞。語法填空[2021·安徽部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考]Experiencesareacquiredthroughourjourneyinlife;wechooseandcreateourbeliefs,fearsandopinions(base)onallourexperiencesinlife.Eventhoughthingsandlifearethewaytheyare,weallhavedifferentopinionsabouteverythingandeverybody.Otherpeoplehaveopinionsaboutustoo.Butreallymattersistheopinionwehaveabout(we).Youeitherchoosetoacceptandfollowwhatotherpeoplebelievedecidetobeyourselfandliveaccordingtotherealityoflife.5．________livinglifeasitisandbeingyourself,youcreateanimageaboutyourself.Itisextremelyimportant(understand)howthisimage,createdbyyourbeliefsandimagination,directsandinfluencesyour(grow).Thisimagethatyoucreateaboutyourself(determine)whoyouareandhowyoufeel；itdetermineshowsuccessfulyoubeeinlife.Everythingstartsinthemind.Ifyoureallywanttoacplishyourdreams,pictureyourselfhavingandlivingthelifeyouwant.Believeinyourselfandbe(confidence)!Itdoesn'tmatterhowbadordifficultthe(circumstance)maylooklike.Inshort,youareashappyorsadasyouseeyourself.第三講詞性轉(zhuǎn)換突破高考重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥易錯易混考點(diǎn)一1．答案與解析：connection考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“makeanewpositive”和空后的“withothers”可知，此處填名詞connection“聯(lián)系”作make的賓語。2．答案與解析：organizations考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空處與名詞panies并列，表示不止一個組織，故此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3．答案與解析：wisdom考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空處應(yīng)為名詞，所以填wisdom。4．答案與解析：length考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示一幅長達(dá)米的畫作，根據(jù)空前的a和空后的of可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞，alengthof...“長達(dá)……”，所以填length。5．答案與解析：fitness考查名詞。本空作動詞improve的賓語，故填名詞形式。fitness“健康”。6．答案與解析：curiosity考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞with后應(yīng)使用名詞?？键c(diǎn)二1．答案與解析：creative考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾名詞idea，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，所以填creative。2．答案與解析：European考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。and前后為并列的形容詞，共同修飾后面的名詞短語calligraphicworks，所以填European。3．答案與解析：amazing考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“令人驚訝的記憶”，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞memories；amazing意為“令人驚訝的”，修飾物；amazed意為“大為驚奇的”，修飾人。故填amazing。4．答案與解析：meaningful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞變形容詞)。用形容詞修飾名詞collegeexperience。5．答案與解析：gently考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞moved應(yīng)使用副詞。6．答案與解析：growth考查名詞。句意：為何純素食主義如此受歡迎？空格前有this修飾，與this一起做drive的賓語，要用grow的名詞形式growth?？键c(diǎn)三1．答案：broadened2．答案：sharpen刷經(jīng)典試題明晰解題技法語法填空解題技法1．答案與解析：successful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。profession為名詞，意為“職業(yè)”，故應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，故填successful。2．答案與解析：wealthy考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的名詞people可知，這里應(yīng)用形容詞wealthy修飾。3．答案與解析：traditional考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞變形容詞)。所填詞修飾名詞stories，故應(yīng)用tradition的形容詞形式traditional。hugely考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(形容詞變副詞)。所填詞修飾形容詞popular，故應(yīng)用huge的副詞形式hugely。behugelypopularwith非常受……歡迎。4．答案與解析：evidence句意：也沒有證據(jù)表明粉末或棒狀物中的蛋白質(zhì)比食物中的蛋白質(zhì)更