高級英語(第三版)第二冊第七課-The-ones-who-walk-away-gtom-Omelas課件

高級英語（第三版）第二冊第七課TheoneswhowalkawaygtomOmelas高級英語（第三版）第二冊第七課TheoneswhowTeachingObjectives1)Tofamiliarizestudentswithallegoricalwritings.2)Tofamiliarizestudentswithsciencefiction.3)Todiscussthetopic“whatishappinessandonwhatrealhappinessdepends”TeachingObjectives1)TofamiUrsulaLeGuin(1929-)

---borninBerkeley,California.---BachelorofArtsdegreeatRadcliffCollege---M.A.fromColumbiauniversity,in1952.---awardedaFulbrightfellowshiptostudyinFrance.NowlivesinPortland,Oregon.sciencefictionwriter:16novels,4collectionsofpoetry,10children'sbooks,severalscreenplaysandmore.AWizardofEarthsea(1968),TheTombsofAtuan(1971),TheFarthestShore(1972),TheDispossessed(1974),TheBeginningPlace(1980)Sheusessciencefictiontoexplorecontemporaryissues,saying“Sciencefictionallowsmetohelppeoplegetoutoftheirculturalskinsandintotheskinsofotherbeings…insciencefictionyouareoftenexpectedtogetintotheskinofanotherpersonfromanotherculture.”.UrsulaLeGuin(1929-)

WilliamJames(1842-1910)B.inNewYorkCity,firstchildofHenryJamesandMaryWalsh.James.Anoriginalthinkerinandbetweenthedisciplinesofphysiology,psychologyandphilosophy.WorksbyWilliamJames:TheWorksofWilliamJames1975WilliamJames:Writings1878-1899

WilliamJames:Writings1902-1910

ThePrinciplesofPsychology,Cambridge1890TheMeaningofTruth1909SomeProblemsofPhilosophy1911WilliamJames(1842-1910)QuotationsbyWilliamJamesAgreatmanypeoplethinktheyarethinkingwhentheyaremerelyre-arrangingtheirprejudices.Asarulewedisbelieveallthefactsandtheoriesforwhichwehavenouse.Benotafraidoflife.Believethatlifeisworthliving,andyourbeliefwillhelpcreatethefact.Humanbeings,bychangingtheinnerattitudesoftheirminds,canchangetheouteraspectsoftheirlives.Theartofbeingwiseistheartofknowingwhattooverlook.Thegreatestdiscoveryofmygenerationisthatahumanbeingcanalterhislifebyalteringhisattitudesofmind.QuotationsbyWilliamJamesBackgroundoftheWritingAllegory(諷喻)–Allegory,inliterature,asymbolicstorythatservesasadisguisedrepresentationformeaningsotherthanthoseindicatedonthesurface.Thecharactersinanallergyoftenhavenoindividualpersonality,butareembodimentsofmoralqualitiesandotherabstractions.Theallegoryiscloselyrelatedtotheparable,fable,andmetaphor,differingfromthemlargelyinintricacyandlength.Avarietyofliteraryformshavebeenusedforallegories.ThemedievalmoralityplayEveryman,personifyingsuchabstractionsasFellowshipandGoodDeeds,recountsthedeathjourneyofEveryman.JohnBunyan’sPilgrim’sProgress,aprosenarrative,isanallegoryofman’sspiritualsalvation.Spenser’spoemTheFaerieQueen,besidesbeingachivalricromance,isacommentaryonmoralsandmannersin16th-centuryEnglandaswellasanationalepic.Althoughallegoryisstillusedbysomeauthors,itspopularityasaliteraryformhasdeclinedinfavorofamorepersonalformofsymbolicexpression.BackgroundoftheWritingAllegBackgroundoftheSubtitleand“Omelas”Thesubtitleofthetextis‘VariationsonathemebyWilliamJames’.Forthis,LeguinonceexplaineditinoneofherstorycollectionTheWind’sTwelveQuarters”:Thecentralideaofthispsychomyth(心理小說),thescapegoatturnsupinDostoyevsky’sBrothersKaramazov,andseveralpeoplehaveaskedme,rathersuspiciously,whyIgavethecredittoWilliamJames.Thefactis,Ihaven’tbeenabletore-readDostoyevsky,muchasIlovedhim,sinceIwastwenty-five,andI’dsimplyforgottenheusedtheidea.ButwhenImetitinJames’sTheMoralPhilosopherandtheMoralLife,itwaswithashockofrecognition.OfcourseIdidn’treadJamesandsitdownandsay.NowI’llwriteastoryaboutthat“l(fā)ostsoul”.Itseldomworksthatsimply.Isatdownandstartedastory,justbecauseIfeltlikeit,withnothingbuttheword‘Omelas’inmind.Itcamefromaroadsigh:Salem(Oregon)backwards.SalemequalsschelomoequalssalaamequalsPeace.Melas.Omelas.Omelas.“Wheredoyougetyourideasfrom,MsLeGuin?”fromforgettingDostoyevskyandreadingroadsignsbackwards,naturally.Whereelse?BackgroundoftheSubtitleandThethemeofthetext

Thetheme:thenatureofhappinessandonwhatitdepends.Thethemeofthetext

ThethemTextStructurePartI:(paras1-6)describesthehappinessofOmelasanditspeoplePartII:(paras7-12)revealsthatOmelas’happinessiswhollybasedonachild’ssufferingandthattheOmelaspeopleacceptthisterriblerealityPartIII:(paras13-14)tellsthatsomepeoplewalkawayafterknowingthetruthbuttheirdestinationisunknown.TextStructurePartI:(paras1DetailedStudyofthetextWarming-upQuestionsonthetext1.DescribethephysicalfeaturesofOmelas.2.WhatwasthecityofOmelascelebrating?Howwerethepeoplecelebratingit?3.WhatarethepeopleofOmelaslike?4.WhatthingsdothecitizensofOmelasdonothave?5.Whatthingsareconsideredunnecessarybutundestructivebythewriter?6.Commentonthewriter’sviewsonHappiness.7.Whatisthewriter’sviewondrugs?

8.Inwhatkindofaroomisthechildimprisoned?9.Whatistheimprisonedchildlike?DetailedStudyofthetextWarm1.DescribethephysicalfeaturesofOmelas.

Omelasisaportcitybytheseawithbrighttowersandhouseswithredroofsandpaintedwalls.Therearetree-linedavenues,moss-growngardens,greatparksandpublicbuildings.Towardsthenorthsideofthecitythereisagreatwater-meadowcalledtheGreenFields.FarofftothenorthandwestaremountainswithsnowypeakshalfencirclingOmelas.2.WhatwasthecityofOmelascelebrating?Howwerethepeoplecelebratingit?

TheywerejoyouslycelebratingtheFestivalofSummerwithmusic,danceandprocessions.Men,womenandchildrenwerealldressedinfestiveclothestocelebratetheoccasion,exceptfortheriderswhowerenaked.Thehighlightofthecelebrationswasahorseracetobeheldonthegreatwater-meadowcalledtheGreenFields.1.Describethephysicalfeatu3.WhatarethepeopleofOmelaslike?

Theyarenotsimplethoughhappy.Theyarenotbarbarians,shepherdsorutopians.Theyarenotlesscomplexthanordinarypeople.Theyarenotnativeandhappychildren.Theyaremature,intelligent,passionateadults.Thesepeoplehaveafeelingofboundlessandgenerouscontentmentandasenseofmagnanimoustriumph,atriumphoverlife.Theyhavecompassionforthesufferingbuttheyarealsopragmaticandacceptreality.4.WhatthingsdothecitizensofOmelasdonothave?

Theydowithoutmonarchyandslaveryandalsowithoutstockexchange,theadvertisement,thesecretpolice,thebomb,theclergyandsoldiers.Theydonothavecarsnorhelicopters.Andonethingthereisnoneofisguilt.5.Whatthingsareconsideredunnecessarybutundestructivebythewriter?

centralheating,subwaytrains,washingmachines,beerandevenanothabit-formingdruglikedrooz,andallkindsofmarvelousdevicesnotyetinvented,floatinglightsources,fuellesspower,acureforthecommoncold.3.WhatarethepeopleofOmel6.Commentonthewriter’sviewsonHappiness.

Herviewsonhappinessareambiguous.Shethinksthat“happinessisbasedonajustdiscriminationofwhatisnecessary,whatisneithernecessarynordestructiveandwhatisdestructive”.ThisiswhatsheconstructsOmelas,thecityofhappinessinthisway:high-tech,butnotmonarchy,noslavery,nostockexchange,nosecretpolice,nobomb,noguilt.Butshedoesnotexpressclearlywhatisnecessaryforhappiness.Maybewecanmakealistforthis:ajoyousfestival,music,singing,beingclosetonature,etc.becauseshelovestowriteaboutthemsomuch.Butthechild’ssufferingoneofthenecessities?Touchingthisissue,sheseemshesitant.Shemakesitclearthatitisguilttosacrificethemanyfortheone,butshealsoplanssomepeople’sdeparturefromthecityafterknowingthetruth.Inshort,sheleavesthequestiontothereader:shouldthehappinessbebasedonthemiseryofthefew?7.Whatisthewriter’sviewondrugs?

Sheneithersupportsnoropposesthemcompletely,becausesheconsidersittoopuritanicaltobamthemcompletely.Inthistext,sheimaginesthatinOmelasthereshouldbeanonaddictivedrugcalleddroozforthosewholikedrugs.6.Commentonthewriter’svie

8.Inwhatkindofaroomisthechildimprisoned?

Itisaroominabasementunderapublicbuildingorinthecellarofaprivatehome.Asitonlyhasonelookeddoorandnowindow,itisalmostdark.Inoneofitscornersstandtwodirtymopsandarustybucket.Itsfloorisdampdirt.Theroomisaboutthreepaceslongandtwowideinsize.Itseemsamerebroomclosetordisusedtoolroom.9.Whatistheimprisonedchildlike?

Thechildcouldbeaboyoragirl.Itseemssixyearsoldbutactuallyten.Itisimbecile.Itsitshunchedinthecornerfarthestfromthebucketandmopswhichitfindshorrible.Whilesittingthere,itpicksitsnoseandoccasionallyfumblespurposelesslywithitstoesorgenitals.Thechildhasnoideaoftimeandseldomspeaks,onlymakingakindofwhining.Itisnakedandverythin.Therearenocalvestoitslegsanditsbellyprotrudes.Asitalwayssitsinitsownexcrement,therearefesteredsoresonitsbuttocksandthighseverywhere.8.InwhatkindofaroomisWordsandExpressions

PartI(paras1-6)clamor:n.[singular,uncountable]1）averyloudnoisemadebyalargegroupofpeopleoranimals喧嘩，吵鬧---Heshoutedovertherisingclamourofvoices.---Theclamorofthetrafficgavemeaheadache.2）theexpressionoffeelingsofangerandshockbyalargenumberofpeople-usedespeciallyinnewsreports（新聞用語）吵鬧著要求；大聲疾呼---Theymadeaclamorforreform.---Inspiteofthepublicclamorforlowertaxesthegovernmentdecidednottocallanelection.3）clamorfor/againststh.---aclamorforrevenge復仇的喊聲WordsandExpressions

PartIv.1)---Thechildrenwereclamoringforcandy.---Thebabyclamoredtobefed.---Thestarvingcrowdareclamoringforfood.2)---Thefoolishpeoplewereclamoringforwar.---Thenewspapersclamoredagainstthegovernment’spolicies.---Theaudienceclamoredfortheshowtobegin.clamorous:adjectivev.Decorous:adj.formalhavingthecorrectappearanceorbehaviorforaparticularoccasion,polite;decent端莊得體的---decorousbehavior/speech---Themanwasverysatisfiedwiththedecorousmannerofhisservant.decorouslyadv.---Aservantwashoveringdecorouslybehindthem..tambourine:n.[countable]acircularmusicalinstrumentconsistingofaframecoveredwithskinorplasticandsmallpiecesofmetalthathangaroundtheedge.Youshakeitorhititwithyourhand.鈴鼓（四周有金屬圓片，搖動或用手拍打發(fā)聲）---Achurch'slivelinessshouldnotbejudgedbythesinging,dancingortambourineplaying.---Directlyinfrontofhimweretwowind-upmonkeys,onewithatambourineandtheotherwithadrum.Decorous:adj.formalhavingtshimmer:vi.toshinewithasoftlightthatlooksasifitshakesslightly發(fā)微光，閃光---Thelightsshimmeredonthewater.---Thelakeshimmeredinthemoonlight.---Silkshimmersinabrightlight.n.[singular,uncountable]theshimmerofpetrolontheroad.閃爍的亮光---Pearlshaveabeautifulshimmer.---theshimmerofglassesinthecandlelightlithe:adj.readilybent;supple;limber柔軟的，易歪曲的---thestronglithebodiesofgymnasts體操運動員輕盈而優(yōu)美的體態(tài)lithely:adv.---Ifeltawkwardamongthelitheyoungsun-tannedgirlsonthebeach.thedancer'slithebodyshimmer:restive:adj.1)restlessoruneasy焦躁不安的；不安寧的---Anotherhourpassedandthecrowdgrew/becamerestive.2)(esp.ofhorses)resistingcontrol,esp.byrefusingtomoveforwardsorbymovingsidewaysorbackwards（尤指馬）難以駕馭的，不肯前行的，逡巡不前的

restivelyadv.restivenessn.Cf.restless:adj.1)constantlymoving靜不下來，老在動---therestlessmotionofthesea---Jimmyisarestlesswanderer.2)unabletobestillorquiet,esp.becauseofboredom,impatience,anxiety,etc.煩亂不安，心緒不寧，安定不下來---Thechildrengrewrestlesswiththelongwait.---Afteronlyamonthinthejob,hefeltrestlessanddecidedtoleave.3)withoutsleeporrest---spend/pass/havearestlessnightrestive:adj.

encircle:vt.tosurroundsomeoneorsomethingcompletely圍成一圈，包圍---Theislandwasencircledbyadustyroad.---Thesoldiersencircledtheenemycamp.---Manyartificialsatellitesencircletheearthtoday.---Oppressedserfsthroughoutthesurroundingcountrysidejoinedtogethertoencirclethecastle.encirclementn.[uncountable]archaic:adj.1)oldandnolongerused過時的Syn.outdated2)old-fashionedandneedingtobereplaced不合時宜的---Theexistinglawisarchaicandshouldbechanged.3)fromorrelatingtoancienttimes古代的---archaiccivilizations---TheEnglishusedinChaucer'splaysisanarchaicformofthelanguage.---Thelawsthatdecidewhoownsitemsdiscoveredonanarcheologicalexplorationareridiculously.encircle:vt.tosurroundsomsophisticated:adj.havingalotofexperienceoflife,andgoodjudgmentaboutsociallyimportantthingssuchasart,fashionetc.老于世故的，老練的---ShehasbecomeverysophisticatedsinceshewenttoliveinLondon.---achildquitesophisticatedforhisage2)asophisticatedmachine,system,methodetcisverywelldesignedandveryadvanced,andoftenworksinacomplicatedway復雜的，高級的，尖端的---sophisticatedsoftware---Theplayistoosophisticatedforthecountrychild.---Thisprocessishighlysophisticated.sophisticationn.[uncountable]aNewYorknightclubthatwastheheightofsophistication(=veryfashionableandexpensive)banal:adj.commonplace,uninteresting平常的，乏味的---Iwasexpectinganinterestinginterviewbutheonlyaskedafewbanalquestionsabouttheweather.---Itwasjustanotherbanalnewspaperstory.banality:n.[uncountableandcountable]

ordinaryandnotinteresting,becauseofalackofnewordifferentideas---aspeechconsistingmainlyofbanalities有很多陳詞濫調(diào)的講話sophisticated:adj.condemn:vt.1)tosayverystronglythatyoudonotapproveofsomethingorsomeone,especiallybecauseyouthinkitismorallywrong譴責，責備，指摘---Thepaperswerequicktocondemnhimforhismistake.報紙及時地指摘他的錯誤。condemnsomething/somebodyassomething---Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.---Sheisoftencondemnedasuncaring.condemnsomebody/somethingfor(doing)something---Sheknewthatsocietywouldcondemnherforleavingherchildren.2)togivesomeoneaseverepunishmentafterdecidingtheyareguiltyofacrimecondemnsomebodytosomething宣告某人要受的懲罰；判某人的刑---Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath/beshot.---Hisnervouslookscondemnedhim.他神態(tài)緊張，顯出有罪的樣子。condemn:vt.3)ifaparticularsituationcondemnssomeonetosomething,itforcesthemtoliveinanunpleasantwayortodosomethingunpleasant使某人接受不好的事物；使某人注定condemnsomebodyto(do)something---Hisoccupationcondemnedhimtospendlongperiodsoftimeawayfromhisfamily.4)tostateofficiallythatsomethingisnotsafeenoughtobeused官方宣稱（某事物）有缺陷或不宜使用---anoldhousethathadbeencondemnedcondemnsomethingassomething---Thepoolwasclosedafterbeingcondemnedasahealthhazard.---Themeatwascondemnedasunfitforhumanconsumption.這種豬肉已宣布不適宜人們食用。condemnationn.譴責，判罪，注定condemnedcell死囚牢房3)ifaparticularsituationcoembrace:vt.1.[intransitiveandtransitive]hug擁抱，摟抱---Jackwarmlyembracedhisson.2.[transitive]formaltoeagerlyacceptandclingtoanewidea,opinion,religionetc.欣然接受或采?。骋庖姷龋?--Wehopetheseregionswillembracedemocraticreforms.---MostWestEuropeancountrieshaveembracedtheconceptofhigh-speedrailnetworkswithenthusiasm.3.(ofthings)include包含，包括---Theterm“mankind”embracesmen,womenandchildren.wretchedadj.someonewhoiswretchedisveryunhappyorill,andyoufeelsorryforthem極不愉快的,悲慘的,可憐的---Hisstomach-achemadehimfeelwretchedallday.他胃疼得整天十分難受．---Thewretchedpeoplearestarving.---apoor,wretchedgirl2.ifyoufeelwretched,youfeelguiltyandunhappybecauseofsomethingbadthatyouhavedone內(nèi)疚的---Guyfeltwretchedaboutitnow.embrace:vt.3.[onlybeforenoun]makingyoufeelannoyedorangry該死的（用以表示惱怒）---Whereisthatwretchedboy?---Thewretchedcarcan’tstart.這輛倒霉的汽車就是發(fā)動不起來。---It’sthatwretchedcatagain!又是那只該死的貓。4.literary,extremelybadorunpleasant糟糕的、惡劣的---wretchedweather---Thehotelfoodwasabsolutelywretched.這家旅館的飯菜糟糕透了．

wretchedlyadv.wretchednessn.[uncountable]3.[onlybeforenoun]makingyexuberance:n.[uncountable]happyandfullofenergyandexcitement興高采烈，活躍，愉快---Thespeaker’sexuberanceenlivenedaboringconference.講演者談笑風生，使死氣沉沉的會議頓添生氣．---Sheneedstotryandcontrolhernaturalexuberance.---anexuberantpersonality2.exuberantdecorations,patternsetcareexcitingandcomplicatedorcolorful茁壯，茂盛，豐富，充沛---exuberantcarvings---anexuberantimagination豐富的想象力---plantswithexuberantfoliage枝葉扶疏的植物exuberantadj.exuberantlyadv.languorn.[uncountable]literary1)apleasantfeelingoflaziness,lazymoodorquality倦怠---Lyingtherebesideher,hewasfilledwithanagreeablelanguor.2.feelingofdreamypeacefulness---musicthatinducesadelightfullanguor使人心曠神怡的音樂3.oppressivestillness(oftheair,etc.)（空氣等）沉悶---thehazylanguorofasummer’safternoon夏日午后那種令人迷離恍惚的沉悶languorousadj.languorouslyadv.exuberance:n.[uncountable]entangle:vt.1)tomakesomethingbecometwistedandcaughtinarope,netetc使…纏繞、糾纏于（某物中）entanglein/with---Smallanimalscangetentangledinthenet.---Thecordbecameentangledwiththewirefromthebattery.2)toinvolvesomeoneinanargument,arelationship,orasituationthatisdifficulttoescapefrom使某人陷入（困難或復雜的環(huán)境中）--entanglesomebodyinsomethingfearsthattheUScouldgetentangledinanotherwar---Takecarenottoentangleyourselfindubioustransactions.--beentangledwithsomebody---Ididn'twanttobecomeentangledwithmybestfriend'swife.---Don’tgetyourselfentangledwithpeopleofthatsort.entangle:vt.WordsandExpressionsPartII(paras7-12)

cobweb:1.anetofstickythreadsmadebyaspidertocatchinsects,thatisinsideabuildingandhasnotbeenremoved蜘蛛網(wǎng)---Abriskwalkwillsoonblowthecobwebsaway.2.blow/clearthecobwebsawaytodosomething,especiallygooutside,inordertohelpyourselftothinkmoreclearlyandfeelbettercobwebbedadj.imbecile:n.[countable]someonewhoisverystupidorbehavesverystupidly低能者，弱智者，傻瓜syn.idiot---HelookedatmeasifIwasatotalimbecile.imbecilicadj.愚蠢的，傻的imbecilityn.[uncountableandcountable]愚蠢，愚蠢的行為、言語等WordsandExpressionsPartIIexcrement:排泄物產(chǎn)n.[uncountable](fml)thesolidwastematerialthatyougetridofthroughyourbowels;feces糞便---Hestoppedtowipeawaytheexcrement,whichblindedhiseyesandcoatedhislips.---Inmybedisafaintsmellofexcrement.impotence,n.impotent,impotentlyunabletotakeeffectiveactionbecauseyoudonothaveenoughpower,strength,orcontrol無能為力---[uncountable]politicalimpotence政治上的無能Emergencyservicesseemimpotentinthefaceofsuchadisaster.impotentrage2)amanwhoisimpotentisunabletohavesexbecausehecannotgetanerectionimpotencen.陽痿paradox:1)[countable]asituationthatseemsstrangebecauseitinvolvestwoideasorqualitiesthatareverydifferent有矛盾特點的人、事物或情況---It'saparadoxthatinsucharichcountrytherecanbeso