復(fù)旦研究生綜合英語1-Unit8

U8AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReferenceTextTheBusinessWorldasaHuntingGroundWarm-upActivitiesFurtherReadingSpeakingSkillsAdditionalWorkWarm-upActivitiesWarm-up

1.Howdoyouunderstandthetitleofthetext?2.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantthinginawoman’slife?3.Whatkindofwomandoyouthinkasuccessfulmanusuallymarries?

EstherVi1arwasbornofGermanparentsin1935inBuenosAiresandwaseducatedattheUniversityofBuenosAires.AftermovingtoMunich,shepracticedasaphysicianandnowworksasafree-lancewriter.ThisselectionfromTheManipulatedManhasasitsthesisthatmenfromearliestchildhoodaremanipulatedbywomen,firstbytheirmothers,thenbytheirwives.Vi1arclaimsthatonlywomencanbreakthisviciouscycleofexploitation.Buttheywillnotbreakit,fortheyhavenorationalreasonfordoingso.Thus,theworldwillcontinuetosinkintoabarbaric,andfeeblemindedmorassoffemininity.Offices,factories,anduniversitiesareviewedashuntinggroundsbypredatorywomenlookingformale“slaves”.

AIFTTR1AdditionallnformationfortheTeacher’sReference1.EstherVilarAIFTTR2.12.TheSecondWorldWarItwasaconflictthatinvolvedvirtuallyeverypartoftheworldduringtheyear1939-1945.TheprincipalbelligerentsweretheAxispowers—Germany,Italy,andJapanandtheAllies—France,GreatBritain,theUnitedStates,theSovietUnion,and,toalesserextent,China.Thewarwasinmanyrespectsacontinuation,afteranuneasy20-yearhiatus,ofthedisputesleftunsettledbyWorldWarI.GermanbitternessovertheirdefeatinWorldWarIandtheharshtermsoftheTreatyofVersailles,togetherwiththesocialunrestandpoliticalinstabilitythatbesettheWeimarRepublic,resultedinthecomingtopowerofAdolfHitler,leaderoftheAIFTTR2.2intenselynationalisticandanti-SemiticNationalSocialist(Nazi)Party.Givendictatorialpowersin1933,HitlerbeganthesecretrearmamentofGermanyalmostimmediately.PlayingonthereluctanceofotherEuropeanpowerstoactivelyopposehim,heorderedthemilitaryoccupationoftheRhineland,incontraventionoftheTreatyofVersailles,inMarch1936.LaterthatyearBenitoMussolini,thefascistdictatorofItaly,whohadalreadyembarkedonaggressioninEthiopia,declaredaRome-BerlinAxis;thenextyearItalyjoinedthe1936Anti-CominternPactbetweenGermanyandJapan.GermanyandItalybothintervened,inthenameofanticommunism,intheSpanishCivilWarfrom1936.InMarch1938HitlersentGermantroopstooccupyAustria,whichwaspromptlyincorporatedintoGermany.AIFTTR2.3ByacombinationofexternalandinternalpressureshesucceededinannexingorneutralizingallofwhathadbeenCzechoslovakiabyMarch1939.InApril1939ItalyannexedAlbania.OnSeptember,securebehindthenewGerman-SovietNonaggressionPactthathadstunnedtheworldinAugust,HitlerbegananinvasionofPoland.GreatBritainandFrancedeclaredwaronGermanytwodayslater.Bytheendof1939GermanyandtheSovietUnionhaddividedPolandbetweenthemselves,andtheSovietshadoccupiedEstonia,Latvia,andLithuaniaandhadattackedFinland,whichtheyfinallydefeatedinMarch1940.ForsomemonthsGermany’smainactivitieswereatsea,includinganeffectivesubmarinecampaignagainstmerchantAIFTTR2.4shippingboundforBritain.InApril1940GermanyoccupiedseveralNorwegianportsandallofDenmark.OnMay10themajorGermanoffensiveinthewestbeganwithalightningweepthroughtheNetherlandsandBelgiumintoFrance;byJune22three-fifthsofFrance,includingParis,wasoccupied,andtheresthadbecomeaneutralstatewithitsgovernmentatVichy.DuringAugust-SeptembertheGermanLuftwaffe(AirForce)launchedmassivebombingraidsonGreatBritaininanattempttosoftenitupforacross-Channelinvasion.TheBattleofBritainwaswonbytheRoyalAirForce,however,andHitlerpostponedtheinvasionindefinitely.FollowingItaly’sabortiveinvasionofGreeceinNovember1940,HitlerdrewHungary,Romania,andSlovakiaintotheAxis;AIFTTR2.5BulgariajoinedinMarch1941.InAprilGermanyattackedYugoslaviaandGreece,bothofwhichwereoverrunbytheendofthemonth.InJuneHitlerabandonedtheNonaggressionPactof1939andlaunchedamassivesurpriseinvasionoftheSovietUnion.GermanarmouredunitsdrovedeepintoSovietterritoryandatonepointreachedtheoutskirtsofMoscowbeforeSovietcounterattacksandwinterweatherslowedtheoffensivetoahalt.Japan,theotherAxismember,hadmeanwhilebeentiringofitslong,unproductivewarinChinaanddecidedtotakeadvantageofthesituationinEuropetoseizeEuropeancolonialholdingsintheFarEast.TocripplewhatitforesawwouldbeitsmainopponentinaPacificwarofaggrandizement,JapanattackedUnitedStatesinstallationsatPearlHarbor,Hawaii,andAIFTTR2.6thePhilippinesonDec.7-8,1941.WithindaystheUnitedStateswasatwarwithalltheAxispowers.JapanswiftlyinvadedandoccupiedthePhilippines,mostofSoutheastAsiaandBurma(Myanmar),theNetherlandsEastIndies(nowIndonesia),andmanyPacificOceanislands.Despitetheenormousinitialadvantagegainedbyitssuddenoffensives,JapanlostthecrucialseabattleofMidwayinJune1942.TheAmericanstrategyinthePacificwastousenavalandamphibiousforcestoadvanceupthechainsofislandstowardJapanwhilesmallerlandforcescooperatedwithChineseandBritisheffortsontheAsianmainland.AIFTTR2.7InNorthAfricatheBritish,whoin1940-1941haddefeatedmuchlargerItalianforces,werelockedinaseesawbattlewiththeGermNovember1942thefirstAlliedoffensivebeganwithU.S.andBritishlandingsinNorthAfrica.GermanforcesweregraduallysqueezedintoTunisiaandwerefinallyeliminatedinMay1943.InJulyAlliedtroopsfromNorthAfricalandedinSicilyandthenceinvadedItalyinSeptember.Thefascistgovernmentwasoverthrown,andinOctober,ItalyjoinedtheAllies;fightingagainstGermantroopscontinuedinItalyfortherestofthewar.AfterabitterlyopposedandfinallyunsuccessfulattackonStalingrad(August1942—February1943),GermanforcesintheSovietUnionlostmomentum,and,astheRedArmycontinuedtoAIFTTR2.8drawonitshugemanpowerreserves,itbeganduring1943topushtheGermansbackfromthewesternportionoftheSovietUnion.GermanywasmeanwhilepreparingforanexpectedAlliedinvasionofwesternEurope.TheinvasioncameonJune6,1944D-DayonthebeachesofNormandyinnorthernFrance,where156,000British,Canadian,andU.S.troopsunderthecommandoftheU.S.generalDwightD.Eisenhowerwerelanded.WithcommandoftheairtheAlliesquicklyconsolidatedtheirfootholdandbegantheadvanceeastwardthatendedintheoccupationoftheGermanhomelandinMarch—April1945.Meanwhile,theSovietforcesin1944hadpushedtheGermanscompletelyoutoftheSovietUnionandhadadvancedintoPoland,Czechoslovakia,Hungary,andRomania.Inearly1945theyoccupiedtheeasternAIFTTR2.9one-thirdofGermany.AttheclimaxoftheGermancollapse,withBerlinencircledbySoviettroops,HitlercommittedsuicideonApril30;onMay8thesurrenderofallGermanforceswassigned.InthePacificthe“island-hopping”strategyoftheU.S.generalDouglasMacArthurledtotheAlliedinvasionofthePhilippinesbyOctober1944.ThenavalbattleinLeyteGulfthatfollowedallbuteliminatedtheJapanesenavy.Thecapture,afterbitterfighting,oftheislandsofIwoJimaandOkinawainMarchandJuneof1945openedthewayforboththeheavystrategicbombingofJapanitselfandapossibleinvasion.ThewarinthePacificcametoasuddenanddramaticcloseaftertheatomicbombingofHiroshimaandNagasakionAugust6and9,1949;Japan’sformalsurrenderwassignedonSeptember2.TextTheBusinessWorldasaHuntingGroundNotesIntroductiontotheAuthorandtheArticlePhrasesandExpressionsExercisesMainideaoftheTextMIOTT1MainideaoftheText

Inthetext,EstherVilardescribeshowmen,beforeandaftertheirmarriage,aremanipulatedbywomen,firstbytheirfemalecolleagues,thenbytheirwives.Sheclaimsthatwomenhaveacommonproclivitytotheexploitationofmen.Theyregardthebusinessworldasahuntinggroundwheretheycancaptureprospectivebreadwinnersastheirfuturehusbandssothattheycanbeprovidedforwithoutexertingthemselves.Thisevilintentioniswelldisplayedinofficesandfactorieswherewomenmerelyservetofalsifystatisticswithnosenseofcommitment,andincollegesanduniversitieswheretheyjustmarktimewithoutrealpursuitofknowledge.Vilarclaimsthatonlywomencanbreakthisviciouscycleofexploitation.MIOTT2Buttheywillnotbreakit,fortheyhavenorationalreasonfordoingso.Thus,theworldwillcontinuetosinkintoabarbaricandfeeblemindedmorassoffemininity.Offices,factories,anduniversitieswillcontinuetobeviewedashuntinggroundsbypredatorywomenlookingformale“slaves”.

EstherVilar(1935-)wasbornofGermanparentsin1935inBuenosAiresandwaseducatedattheUniversityofBuenosAires.AftermovingtoMunich,shepracticedasaphysicianandnowworksasafreelancewriter.ThisselectionischosenfromTheManipulatedManwhichhasasitsthesisthatmenfromearliestchildhoodaremanipulatedbywomen,firstbytheirmothers,thenbytheirwives.Vilarclaimsthatonlywomencanbreakthisviciouscycleofexploitation.Buttheywillnotbreakit,fortheyhavenorationalreasonfordoingso.Thus,theworldwillcontinuetosinkintoabarbaric,andfeeblemindedmorassoffemininity.Offices,factories,anduniversitiesareviewedashuntinggroundsbypredatorywomenlookingformale“slaves”.IntroductiontotheAuthorandthearticleIntroductiontotheAuthorandtheArticlePart2_T1

Therearemanywomenwhotaketheirplaceintheworkingworldoftoday.Secretariesandshopassistants,factoryworkersandstewardesses—nottomentionthosecountlessheartyyoungwomenwhopopulatethecollegesanduniversitiesinever-increasingnumbers.Onemightevengettheimpressionthatwoman’snaturehadundergoneEstherVilarTheBusinessasaHuntingGroundTextaradicalchangeinthelasttwentyyears.Today’syoungwomenappeartobelessunfairthantheirmothers.Theyseemtohavedecided—perhapsoutofpityfortheirvictims—nottoexploitmenanymore,buttobecome,intruth,theirpartners.Theimpressionisdeceptive.Theonlytrulyimportantactinanywoman’slifeistheselectionoftherightpartner.Inanyotherchoiceshecanaffordtomakeamistake.Consequently,shewilllookforamanwhereheworksorstudiesandwhereshecanbestobserveandjudgethenecessarymasculinequalitiesshevalues.Offices,factories,colleges,anduniversitiesare,toher,nothingbutgiganticmarriagemarkets.Part2_T2Part2_T3Theparticularfieldchosenbyanyyoungwomanasahuntinggroundwilldependtoalargeextentonthelevelofincomeofthemanwhohaspreviouslybeenherslave,inotherwords,herfather.Thedaughtersofmenintheupperincomebracketswillchoosecollegesoruniversities.Theseofferthebestchancesofcapturingamanwhowillearnenoughtomaintainthestandardsshehasalreadyacquired.Besides,aperiodofstudyforform’ssakeismuchmoreconvenientthanatemporaryemployment.Girlsfromless-well-offhomeswillhavetogointofactories,shops,offices,orhospitalsforatime—butagainwiththesamepurposeinmind.Noneofthemintendtostayinthesejobsforlong.Theywillcontinueonlyuntilmarriage—or,incasesofhardship,tillpregnancy.ThisPart2_T4offerswomanoneimportantadvantage,anywomanwhomarriesnowadayshasgivenupherstudiesorherjob“forthesakeofthemanofherchoice”—and“sacrifices”ofthisnaturecreateobligations.Therefore,whenwomenworkandstudy,itmerelyservestofalsifystatisticsandfurthermoretoenslavemenmorehopelesslythanever,becauseeducationandtheprofessionsmeansomethingverydifferentwhenappliedtowomenasopposedtomen.Whenamanworksitisamatteroflifeanddeath,and,asarule,thefirstyearsofhislifearedecisive.Anymanoftwenty-fivewhoisnotwellonhiswayuptheladder

canbePart2_T5considered,toall

intents

and

purposes,ahopelesscase.Atthisstage,allhisfacultiesarebeingdeveloped,andthefightwithhiscompetitorsisafighttothedeath.Behindamaskofbusinessfriendship,heisconstantlyonthewatchforanysignofsuperiorityinoneofhisassociates,andhewillnoteitsappearancewithanxiety.Ifthissameassociateshowssignsofweaknessorindecision,itmustbetakenadvantageofatonce.Yetmanisonlyatinycoginagiganticbusinessmachine,hehimselfbeingineffectexploitedat

every

turn.Whenhedrivesothers,hedriveshimselfmostofall.Hisordersarereallyordersfromabove,passedonbyhim.Ifthemenatthetopoccasionallytaketimetopraisehim,itisnotinordertoPart2_T6makehimhappy;itisonlytospurhimon,tostimulatehimtogreatereffort.Forman,whowasbroughtuptobeproudandhonorable,everyworkingdayismerelyanendlessseriesofhumiliations.Heshowsenthusiasmforproductshefindsuseless,helaughsatjokeshefindstasteless,heexpressesopinionswhicharenothisown.Notforamomentisheallowedtoforgetthatthemerestoversightmaymeandemotion,thatoneslipofthetonguemayspelltheendofhiscareer.Yetwoman,whoistheprimecauseofallthesestruggles,andunderwhoseveryeyesthesefightstakeplace,juststandsasideandwatches.Goingtoworkmeanstoherflirtinganddates,teasingandbanter,withtheoddbitof“l(fā)abor”doneforthesakeofappearances—workforwhich,asarule,shehasnoresponsibility.Sheknowsthatsheisonlymarking

time,andevenifshedoeshavetogoonworkingforonereasonoranother,atleastshehashadyearsofpleasantdreams.Shewatchesmen'sbattlesfromasafedistance,occasionallyapplaudingoneofthecontestants,encouragingorscolding,andwhileshemakestheircoffee,openstheirmail,orlistenstotheirtelephoneconversations,sheiscold-bloodedlytakingherpick.Themomentshehasfound“Mr.Right,”sheretiresgracefully,leavingthefieldopentohersuccessor.Thesameappliestouniversityeducation.Americancollegesadmitmoreandmorewomen,butthepercentagewhoactuallycompletetheircoursesislessthanbeforetheSecondPart2_T7Part2_T8WorldWar.Theysithappilyinlecturesdesigningtheirspringwardrobeandbetweenclassesflirtwiththeboys.Withtheirscarletnailscarefullyprotectedbytransparentrubbergloves,

theyplayaroundwithcorpsesinthedissectingrooms,whiletheirmalecolleaguesrealizetheirwholefutureisat

stake.Ifawomanleavestheuniversitywithanengagementringonherfinger,shehasearnedherdegree;manhashardlybegunwhenheobtainshisdiploma.Degreesare,afterall,easytocome

by—youhaveonlytomemorize.Howmanyexaminerscantellthedifferencebetweenrealknowledgeandbluff?Man,however,hastounderstandhissubjectaswell.Hislatersuccesswilldependonwhetherhisknowledgeiswell-founded;hislaterprestigewillbebuiltonthis,andoftenotherpeople’slivesaredependentonit.Noneofthesebattlesexistsforwoman.Ifshebreaks

offherstudiesandmarriesauniversitylecturer,shehasachievedthesamelevelashehaswithoutexerting

herself.Asthewifeofafactoryownersheistreatedwithgreaterrespectthanheis(andnotassomebodywhoatbestwouldbeemployableontheassemblylineinthesamefactory).Asawifeshealwayshasthesamestandardoflivingandsocialprestigeandhastodonothingtomaintainthem—ashedoes.Forthisreasonthequickestwaytosucceedisalwaystomarryasuccessfulman.Shedoesnotwinhimbyherindustry,ambition,orperseverance—butsimplythroughanattractiveappearance.Part2_T9Part2_T10

Wehavealreadyseenwhatdemandsthewell-trainedman

makesonawoman’sappearance.Thebestwomentrainers—withouttheleasteffort—catchthemostsuccessfulfightersamongmen.Theso-called“beautiful”womenareusuallythosewhohavehadaneasylifefromtheirchildhooddaysandthereforehavelessreasonthanotherstodeveloptheirintellectualgifts(intelligenceisdevelopedonlythroughcompetition);itfollowsasalogicalconsequencethatverysuccessfulmenusuallyhaveabysmallystupidwives(unless,ofcourse,oneconsiderswoman’sskillattransformingherselfintobaitformanafeatofintelligence).Ithasalmostbecomeacommonplacethatareallysuccessfulman,beheacompanydirector,financier,shippingmagnate,ororchestraconductor,will,whenhereachesthezenithofhiscareer,marryabeautifulmodelusuallyhissecondorthirdwife.Menwhohaveinheritedmoneyoftentakesuchasupergirlastheirfirstwifealthoughshewillbeexchangedovertheyearsforanother.Yet,asarule,modelsarewomenoflittleeducationwhohavenotevenfinishedschoolandwhohavenothingtodountiltheymarrybutlookbeautifulandposebecominglyinfrontofacamera.Buttheyare“beautiful”—andthatmakesthempotentiallyrich.Part2_T11Part2_T12Assoonasawomanhascaughtherman,she“givesuphercareerforlove”—or,atleast,thatiswhatshewilltellhim.Afterall,hecouldhardlybeflatteredbythethoughtthatshehadbeensavedinthenickoftimefromhavingtosweatherwaythroughexaminations.

Hewouldmuchrathergetdrunkontheideaofthelove“thatknowsnocompromise,”whichthiswomanpretendstofeelforhim.Whoknows,hethinks,shemighthavebecomeafamoussurgeon(celebratedprimaballerina,brilliantjournalist),andshehasgivenitallupforhim.Hewouldneverbelievethatshepreferredtobethewifeofafamoussurgeon,tohavehisincomeandprestigewithouthavingeithertheworkortheresponsibility.Therefore,heresolvestomakeherlifeathissideascomfortableaspossibletocompensateforhergreatsacrifice.

Part2_T13Asmallpercentage(tentotwentypercent)ofwomenstudentsinindustrialcountriesoftheWestdo,infact,obtaintheirdegreesbeforetheygetmarried.Despiteoccasionalexceptions,theyare,asarule,lessattractiveandhavefailedtocatchasuitableproviderwhilestillinschool.Butthen,thisdegreewillautomaticallyraisetheirmarketvalue,fortherearecertaintypesofmenwhofeelbolsterediftheirwifehasadegree—providingtheyhaveonethemselves.Itisclearevidenceofhisownclevernessifsuchahighlyeducatedwomanisinterestedinhim.Ifbychancethisfemalemastermindhappenstobesexy,hewillbebesidehimselfwithjoy.Part2_T14Butnotforlong.Evenwomendoctors,womensociologists,andwomenlawyers“sacrifice”theircareersfortheirmen,oratleastsetthemaside.Theywithdrawintosuburbanranchhouses,havechildren,plantflowerbedsandfilltheirhomeswiththeusualtrash.Withinafewyearsthesenewentertainmentsobliteratethesmallamountof“expertknowledge,”learnedbyrote,ofcourse,andtheybecomeexactlyliketheirfemaleneighbors.slipofthetongue:anerrorofspeechatinycoginagiganticbusinessmachine:apersonwhoplaysasmallpartinalargeorganizationhiswayuptheladder:keepingimprovinghispositionNotesPart2_TA_Notestoallintents(andpurposes):withregardtoallthemainoressentialpoints;almostcompletelyasopposedto:incontrasttoateveryturn:everywhereoratallthetimemaketime:(fig.)gothroughmotionswithoutaccomplishinganythingatstake:atrisk;dependentonwhathappens;abletobechangedorlostcomeby:obtainbreaksth.off:endsth.suddenly;discontinuesth.PhrasesandExpressionsPart2_TA_PhrasesandExpressions1Part2_TA_PhrasesandExpressions2exertoneself:makeaneffortinthenickoftime:onlyjustintime;atthelastmomentPhrasesandExpressions

職場(chǎng)猶如獵偶戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)埃絲特·維勒Part2_TA_t1許多女人在如今的工作場(chǎng)所都占有一席之地：有的當(dāng)秘書，有的當(dāng)售貨員，有的當(dāng)工人，有的當(dāng)服務(wù)員——更不用說，那些生活在大學(xué)校園里的無數(shù)熱情洋溢的年輕女子了，她們的數(shù)量在不斷增加。你也許會(huì)獲得這樣的印象：20年來，女人的本性已發(fā)生了巨大的變化。如今的年輕女子和他們的母親相比似乎更講公平了。她們似乎已決定不再利用男人，而是真心成為他們的伴侶——也許是出于對(duì)受害男人的一片憐憫之心吧。這種印象是靠不住的。任何女人唯一的終身大事，不過是選擇一位稱心如意的伴侶，而她在其他方面即使選擇失誤也能承擔(dān)得起。于是，她要在男人工作或?qū)W習(xí)的場(chǎng)所找個(gè)丈夫。在這種地方，她可以仔細(xì)觀察和判斷她所注重的男人必備的那些品質(zhì)。對(duì)她來說，機(jī)關(guān)、工廠和大學(xué)不過是個(gè)巨大的婚姻市場(chǎng)而已。TranslationofTextPart2_TA_t2年輕女子選擇某一領(lǐng)域作為獵偶場(chǎng)所時(shí)，在很大程度上取決于曾是她奴隸的那個(gè)男人，即她父親的收入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。高薪階層男人的千金小姐會(huì)選擇高等院校。這種地方提供了最好的機(jī)會(huì)，能讓她們捕獲到賺大錢的男人，從而維持她們?cè)?jīng)享受過的那種生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。況且，在校讀一陣子書走走形式，要比臨時(shí)就業(yè)省力得多。家庭不太富裕的女孩們只好到工廠、商店、公司或醫(yī)院去打工——但還是抱著同樣的目的。沒有一個(gè)人打算長久守著那份工作。他們只是工作到結(jié)婚為止——即使生活貧困，也只是工作到懷孕為止。這就給女人提供了一個(gè)重要的有利地位：如今結(jié)了婚的婦女“為了自己所選擇的丈夫”放棄學(xué)業(yè)或工作——這種“犧牲”就導(dǎo)致了丈夫的義務(wù)。所以，女人工作和學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，只是起個(gè)濫芋充數(shù)的作用而己，而且比以往更加拼命地奴役男人，因?yàn)榻逃吐殬I(yè)對(duì)于男人和女人來說，意義截然不同。工作對(duì)于男人來說，生死攸關(guān)。通常說來，他涉世的最初幾年具有決定意義。任何男人活到25歲，如果事業(yè)尚未有成，別人幾乎都會(huì)認(rèn)Part2_TA_t3為他沒有希望了。在這個(gè)階段，他的各種能力還正在發(fā)展之中，他與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的較量是一場(chǎng)殊死搏斗。在工作友情的面具下，他時(shí)刻注視著某個(gè)同事可能會(huì)顯示出優(yōu)勢(shì)的跡象，一旦出現(xiàn)這種跡象，他就會(huì)焦慮不安。如果這個(gè)同事顯示出軟弱或優(yōu)柔寡斷的跡象，他會(huì)立刻加以利用。然而，男人只不過是一臺(tái)巨大工作機(jī)器上的一個(gè)小齒輪，他自己其實(shí)是處處在受剝削。他在驅(qū)使別人的同時(shí)，更是在驅(qū)使自己。他的命令實(shí)際上來自上司，由他傳達(dá)而已。即使上司偶爾才發(fā)冗夸他一番，也并非為了讓他高興，而是鞭策他、激發(fā)他更加賣力而已。對(duì)于從小養(yǎng)成自傲并受人尊敬的男人來說，每天上班都意味著要不斷蒙受無休止的恥辱。明知產(chǎn)品無用，他卻顯得饒有興致；明知笑話無聊，他卻忍俊不禁；明明并非己見，他卻要表達(dá)一番。他時(shí)刻不能忘記：稍有疏忽就可能意味著降職，稍有口誤就可能丟了飯碗。然而女人，她們是所有這些較量的根本原因，而且較量就在她們眼皮底下進(jìn)行，而她們卻袖手旁觀。女人上班意味著調(diào)情、約會(huì)、挑逗和嬉鬧，干點(diǎn)少量雜“活兒”只是做做樣子而已——工作通常無需她們負(fù)責(zé)。Part2_TA_t4她知道自己不過是在打發(fā)時(shí)間，即使由于這樣或那樣的原因，她不得不繼續(xù)工作下去，至少她已經(jīng)做了多年的美夢(mèng)。她站在一個(gè)安全的地方，觀看男人們角斗，時(shí)而為其中一位斗士喝彩，或是鼓勵(lì)他或是矣落他。在為男人們沖咖啡、拆郵件或者聽他們打電話的時(shí)候，她不露聲色地挑選自己的意中人。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)“如意郎君”，她便欣然隱退，將戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)留給后來者。大學(xué)里的情況也是這樣。美國的高等院校招收的女生越來越多，但是真正能夠完成學(xué)業(yè)的還不如二戰(zhàn)以前那么多。課堂上，她們愉快地坐在那里，為自己設(shè)計(jì)春天的衣裝；在課余，她們與男生打情罵俏。她們?cè)诮馄适依飻[弄尸體的時(shí)候，總是戴著一雙透明的橡膠手套，小心翼翼地保護(hù)著那鮮紅的指甲，而她們的男同學(xué)卻認(rèn)識(shí)到，自己的整個(gè)未來吉兇未卡。假如一個(gè)女人戴著訂婚指環(huán)離開校門的話，等于她已經(jīng)拿到了學(xué)位，而男人拿到畢業(yè)文憑的時(shí)候，只能算是剛剛起步。學(xué)位畢竟唾手可得——你只需死記硬背。有多少考官能夠分辨得清，什么是真才實(shí)學(xué)，什么是蒙混過關(guān)？然而，男人還得要懂自己的專業(yè)。他以后能否成功，取決于基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是否扎實(shí)；他將來的名望就寄托于此，而且其他人也經(jīng)常依靠這個(gè)過日子。女人無須如此拼搏。如果她中止學(xué)業(yè)，嫁給一位大學(xué)教師，無須努力就已經(jīng)取得和他同樣的水平。作為工廠老板的太太，她會(huì)比自己的丈夫更受人尊敬（而沒有這種身份的人，充其量只能受聘于這家工廠的裝配線上）。作為妻子，她始終享有與丈夫同樣的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和社會(huì)地位。她不必做任何事情，就可以擁有這些東西。正因?yàn)槿绱?，成功的捷徑就是嫁給一個(gè)成功的男人。贏得這樣的男人，她無須通過勤勉、抱負(fù)或毅力——只要有這人的外表就行。

我們都已知道，訓(xùn)練有素的男人對(duì)女人的相貌有什么樣的要求。最出色的女教官輕而易舉就可俘獲男性中最成功的斗士。所謂的“漂亮”女人，通常自童年時(shí)代就過著安逸的生活。因此，她們用不著像別人那樣去開發(fā)智力。（智力的開發(fā)只有通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。）由此可以得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論：非常成功的男人往往娶的是極其愚蠢的妻子（當(dāng)然，除非你把女人勾引男人的本事視為聰明才智的表現(xiàn)）。一個(gè)真正成功的男人，無論是公司經(jīng)理還是金融家，無論是船運(yùn)大亨還是管弦樂隊(duì)指揮，其事業(yè)登峰造極之時(shí)，都會(huì)娶一個(gè)漂亮的模特Part2_TA_t4Part2_TA_t4兒作為自己的第二或第二任夫人。這種事情如今已司空見慣。通過繼承獲得錢財(cái)?shù)哪腥?，?jīng)常會(huì)把這種超級(jí)女郎娶作第一任夫人——盡管幾年之后她會(huì)被另一位超級(jí)女郎所取代。然而，一般說來，凡是當(dāng)模特兒的，都是一些受教育不多的女人，甚至連中小學(xué)都沒有上完。而且，在結(jié)婚之前，她們除了長得漂亮，能在鏡頭前擺姿勢(shì)之外，什么事情都不做。但是，她們長得“漂亮”——這就是她們致富的潛在資本。女人一旦捕獲到自己的男人，便會(huì)“為了愛情而放棄事業(yè)”——或者，至少她會(huì)對(duì)男人如是說。畢竟，他并不只是滿足這樣的想法：在一發(fā)千鈞之時(shí)，是他解救了她，從而使她避免了考試的煎熬之苦。他更會(huì)陶醉于愛情是“無法折中”的想法，而這種想法卻是女人為男人假裝表白的。他常常這樣想，天曉得，或許她本來可以成為一位著名的外科醫(yī)生（或是著名的芭蕾領(lǐng)舞，或是出色的新聞?dòng)浾撸?，而她卻為他放棄了一切。他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)想到，她更愿意做一個(gè)著名外科醫(yī)生的妻子，有他的那樣的收入和地位，不必去上班，也無須承擔(dān)責(zé)任。因此，為了彌補(bǔ)她所做出的巨大犧牲，他決心盡可能讓她在自己身邊過上舒心的日子。Part2_TA_t5在西方工業(yè)國家，取得學(xué)位后才結(jié)婚的女生確實(shí)也有一些，但百分比不大（占10%-20%）。除偶有例外，她們通常不太引人注目，在校期間沒有找到將來供養(yǎng)她們的合適人選。但是后來，學(xué)位會(huì)自動(dòng)提高她們的市場(chǎng)價(jià)值，因?yàn)橛行┠腥苏J(rèn)為，如果妻子有個(gè)學(xué)位，就可以幫他們一把不過他們自己得有個(gè)學(xué)位才行。如果這樣一位受過高等教育的女人對(duì)他有意，這明顯證明他本人聰明。假如這位才女碰巧又很性惑，他會(huì)樂得忘乎所以。但這種情況持續(xù)不了多久。即使是女醫(yī)生、女社會(huì)學(xué)家、女律師也都為了她們的男人“犧牲”自己的事業(yè)，或者說，至少把自己的事業(yè)擱置一旁。她們隱退到郊外的平房，生兒育女，養(yǎng)花種草，添置雜物。幾年的功夫，那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)靠死記硬背學(xué)來的“專業(yè)知識(shí)”全被這些閑情雅趣沖得一干二凈。她們?nèi)甲兊煤妥筻徲疑崮切D女沒什么兩樣了。Part2_TA1_sacrificesof...“Sacrifices”ofthisnaturecreateobligations.thesetwokindsofsacrificeresultintheman’sdutyorresponsibility;ifamarriedwomangivesuphereducationorcareerforthesakeofherhusband,itisherhusband’sresponsibilitytotakecareofherPart2_TA2_itmerely…itmerelyservestofalsifystatistics…itonlyperformsafunctionofaddinguntruedetailstotheanalysisofthenumberofpeoplewhoareengagedinthetaskinamisleadingwayinordertoconfusethecollectedinformationabouttheworkforcePart2_TA2_becauseeducation...becauseeducationandtheprofessionsmeansomethingverydifferentwhenappliedtowomenasopposedtomen.becauseeducationandtheprofessionsmeanonethingtomenandquiteanothertowomenPart2_TA2_itisamatteroflifeanddeath…itisamatteroflifeanddeath…itisextremelyimportantPart2_TA2_behindamaskofbusinessfriendshipBehindamaskofbusinessfriendship,heisconstantlyonthewatchforanysignofsuperiorityinoneofhisassociates,andhewillnoteitsappearancewithanxiety.Hepretendstobefriendlytohiscolleagues,butactuallyheisonthealertallthetimeforfearthatoneofhiscolleaguesmayshowsignsofbeingsuperiortohim,andoncehiscolleagueshowsadvantagesoverhim,hewillbecomeveryanxious.Part2_TA2_whenhedrivesothersWhenhedrivesothers,hedriveshimselfmostofall.Whenheforcesotherstoworkhard,hehastoworkevenharder.Part2_TA3_hisordersHisordersarereallyordersfromabove,passedonbyhim.Theordershehasgiventohisinferiorsareinfacttheordershehasreceivedfromhissuperiorandhemerelyservesasamessenger.Part2_TA4_itisonlytospurhimon

…itisonlytospurhimon,tostimulatehimtogreatereffort.itisonlytopushhimforwardandencouragehimtoworkstillharder.Part2_TA4_notforamomentisheallowedtoforgetNotforamomentisheallowedtoforgetthatthemerestoversightmaymeandemotion,theoneslipofthetonguemayspelltheendofhiscareer.Hemustconstantlykeepinmindthathisnegligenceofdutymayconsequentlylowerhisrankorpositionandacarelessverbalmistakemayleadtothelossofhisjob.Part2_TA6_withtheoddbitof…withtheoddbitof“l(fā)abor”doneforthesakeofappearance…h(huán)erpurposeofdoingasmallpieceoftrivialworktodrawotherpeople’sattentionPart2_TA6_sheiscold-bloodedlytakingherpick…sheiscold-bloodedlytakingherpick.sheisselectingtherightmanasherhusbandwithoutshowinganyemotionorfeelingPart2_TA7_theysithappilyinlecturesTheysithappilyinlecturesdesigningtheirspringwardrobeandbetweenclassesflirtwithboys.Whenattendinglectures,theydesigntheirtotalcollectionofclothestobeworninspringwi