江蘇省高考英語閱讀理解15篇

theirfield.Clareisaremarkablemusicianwhohasalready,attheageoffifteen,achievedthehighestmarkseverseenatSHSforgrade8violinandviola.Clare’smusicteacherValLinnemannsaysofClare,“Tome,oneofthemostoutstandingthingsaboutClareishertotalwillingnesstolistenandaskintelligentquestions.Sheispatientandgood-naturedandwillingtohelpwithotherplayers.”IfsheweretoreceiveanAmbitionAward,Clarehasplanstousethismoneytoenhance(增加)opportunitiesforothersthroughworkshops.Iftheygetenoughvotes,they’llmakethetopthreeinthecountryandbeonestepfurthertowardsthetopawards.Tovoteforthem,clickonthislink.60.TheAmbitionAXAAwardsaremeantfor________.A.anyonewhoisthebestinoneofthefivecategoriesB.thosewhoarelikelytobefuturestarsincertainfieldsC.somepupilswhohavewongreatsuccessincertainfieldsD.childrenwhohaveambitionsinallthefivecategories61.WecanconcludefromthepassagethatNatalieandClarearebothgirlswith________.A.belief,patienceandconfidence B.courage,curiosityandenthusiasmC.caution,sympathyandexperience D.ability,kindnessandachievements62.Themainpurposeofthepassageis________.A.tointroducetheAmbitionAXAAwardsB.totelluswhatthetwogirlshavedoneC.topersuadeustovoteforthetwogirls D.toinspiremorepeopletowintheawards5TheImportanceofSettingSpeechGoalsAspeechisawonderfulopportunitytoinform,persuadeorentertain.Thebestspeechesoftentakeonacombinationofallthreeofthesecomponents.However,beforeyoucangoaboutthewritingofagreatspeech,itisimportanttosetgoals.Goalskeepyou,yourspeechandyouraudiencefocused.WhatagoalisInthecontextofaspeech,agoalisthepurposeofthespeech,andwhatithopestoaccomplish.Forexample,thegoalofaeulogy(頌歌)mightbetocelebratethelifeofalovedone.Thegoalofaspeechatapoliticalgatheringwouldbetoinformthecrowdaboutthepoliticalpositionofacandidateandpersuadethemtovoteandcampaignforthecandidateinquestion.WhyagoalisimportantWithoutagoal,aspeechiswithoutdirection.Thegoalinformsthestructureandcontentofthespeech.Forexample,ifaspeech’sgoalistoconvincepeoplethatsmokingisbadforthem,thespeechwillbestructuredwithpersuasiveargumentstobackupthegoal.Aspeechwithagoalofinformingtheaudiencewillkeeptheinformationfairandfactual.Agoalisincrediblyimportanttothespeech’sabilitytoconnectwithanaudience.Ifthespeakerisunawareofthegoalofthespeech,theaudiencewilllikelybeunawareaswell.Thisseverelyreducestheeffectivenessofthemessage.Asidefrominformingtheaudienceofthecontentandstructure,aspeech’sgoaldrivesthespeakertogreaterheights.Ifaspeakerisaskedtospeakonaspecificsubject,butneverestablishesthegoal,theywon’tknowwheretostartintheresearch,organizingandwritingofthespeech.___________________________________Ifyouhavebeenchargedwith(被委以)deliveringaspeech,establishingagoalcanseemdifficultatfirst.Thereareseveralthingstotakeintoconsideration.First,thinkaboutwhoyouwillbespeakingto.Thedemographic(人口統(tǒng)計)ofyouraudiencewilllikelydeterminewhetheryouwillbeabletopersuadethem,orwhethertheywillbeabletositthrough.Second,thinkaboutthetopicitself.Ifthetopicissomethingcontroversial,itmayworthyourwhiletoconsideraninformativeapproachtopresentbothsidesoftheissue.Finally,consideryourresources.Aspeechwithaninformativeorpersuasivegoalusuallyrequiresagreatdealofresearch,andsometimestakesmoretimetowrite.63.Accordingtothepassage,whatthreecomponentsdoesthebestspeechcombine?A.Informing,deliveringandentertaining.B.Informing,persuadingandentertaining.C.Informing,writinganddelivering. D.Informing,writingandpersuading.64.Thegoalofaspeechatapoliticalgatheringmightbe_______.A.topersuadetheaudiencetovoteforacandidate B.tocelebratethelifeofapersonyouadmireC.toentertaintheaudiencewithhumorandmagic D.topersuadetheaudiencetobuynewproducts65.AllthefollowingindicatetheimportanceofaspeechgoalEXCEPTthat_______.A.aspeechwillloseitsdirectionwithoutagoalB.aspeechgoalcanhelpkeeptheaudienceawareofthespeechC.aspeechgoalcanhelpthespeakerknowabouttheresearch,organizingandwritingD.aspeechgoalmakesitpossibleforthespeakertoachievewhateverhewantsinlife66.Whichofthefollowingcanbefilledintotheblankasthesubtitleforthelastparagraph?A.Howtoachieveaspeechgoal B.HowtodeliveradifficultspeechC.Whattoconsidertoestablishagoal D.Whattoconsidertodeliveraspeech6Kepler22b,aplanetmorelikeEarththananyyetdiscovered,hasbeenidentifiedasapotentialfuturehomeformankind.Kepler22bcontainsbothlandandwaterandhastemperatureswhichaveragearound22℃.Italsocontainstherightatmospheretopotentiallysupportlife.Itis,however,600lightyearsfromEarth.Theplanet,whereayearlasts290days,wasfirstspottedtwoyearsago.However,NASAscientistsusingtheagency’sKeplerspacetelescopehavenowconcludedthatitoffersthebesthopeyetforfuturehumanhabitationoutsidetheSolarSystem.Oneofthekeystandardsforaplanettobehabitableisthatitremainsroughlytherightdistancefromitsmainstartobeneithertoocoldnortoohot.Thisrangeofidealtemperaturesisknowntoscientistsasthe“Goldilocks”zone,asthetemperatureis“justright”forlife.BillBorucki,KeplerprincipalinvestigatoratNASAAmesResearchCentre,said:“WehavenowgotgoodplanetconfirmationwithKepler22b.Wearecertainthatitisinthehabitablezoneandifithasasurfaceitoughttohaveanicetemperature.”Therearenowthreeplanetsoutsidethesystem,knownasexoplanets,whichexpertsbelievecouldpotentiallybecolonised(建殖民地)byfuturegenerations.InMay,FrenchastronomersidentifiedGliese581d,whichisfarcloserataround20lightyearsaway.Itisaboutsixtimesthemass(質(zhì)量)ofEarthandisoneofafamilyofatleastsixplanets.InAugust,ateamfromSwitzerlandreportedthatanotherplanetcalledHD85512band36lightyearsawayseemedtobehabitable.TheplanetisintheconstellationofVela,measuringaround3.6timestheEarth’smass.Accordingtoanonlinecataloguethatindexesbodiesoutsideoursolarsystem,atotalof47exoplanetsandexomoonsarepotentialhabitablecandidatesbutnotenoughresearchhasbeendonetobesure.67.Whetheraplanetissuitableformankindtoliveondoesn’tdependon________.A.whethertherearepropertemperatures B.whetheritiscloseenoughtoEarthC.whetherthereisatmospherearoundit D.whetherthereislandandwateronit68.InwhatwayisKepler22blikeEarth?A.Itsmass. B.Itssize. C.Itsconditions.D.Itsshape.69.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat________.A.Kepler22bisclosertoEarththanGliese581dB.Kepler22bismostlikelytobehabitableofallC.Kepler22b’syearlastslongerthantheearth’sD.Kepler22b’smassisgreaterthanHD85512b’s70.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.thefartheraplanetisawayfromtheearth,themorelikelyitistobehabitableB.thelongerayearofaplanetlasts,thefartheritisawayfromtheSolarSystemC.thesmallermassaplanethasthantheearth,thelesspossiblythereiswateronitD.themorepotentialhabitableexoplanetsarefound,themoreresearchweshoulddo7Whohasn’tfoundthemselvesreachingfortheclosestfoodavailablewhenthey’retiredandstressed?Moreandmoreresearchisprovingthatthisisn’tallinourmind．Somefoodsreallydoleadtoachangeinourmoods(心情)．

Carbohydrate(碳水化合物)forcalmThisishowsomepeoplemedicatethemselveswithfood—byreachingforcookiesorpasta(意大利面食)wheneverthey’reupset．Unfortunately，itdoesn’talwayswork．Youmusteatamealconsistingof100％carbohydrate，onanemptystomach，toobtaintheserotonin(血清素)increasesothatyouhaveagoodmood．

Togetthewished-Foreffect．youmustnoteatanythingforfourhoursandtheneatatleast30gramsofstraightcarbohydrate．Drycereal(谷類食品)，apieceofbreadwithjam，orapotatoshoulddothetrick．

Protein(蛋白質(zhì))forpower

Ofcourse．sometimeswedon’tneedtobecalmandsleepy．Sometimesweneedagreatdealofmentalconcentration，sothisiswhenit’simportanttomixproteinandcarbohydrate．Theproteinwillpreventthetryptophan(色氨酸)fromfloodingyourbrain，andtheriseinserotoninwon’toccur．

Whydessertmakesushappy

Fatandsugarcausethebraintoletgoendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)，whichsendpleasuresignalsthroughoutthebody．Thiswouldbefine，excepthumansarenotparticularlygoodatstoppingatonecookieorcake．

Youcanalsosatisfyyoursweettoothbychoosingfruitfordessert．

Timingyourmealsforenergy

Bloodsugardropsafterfourhoursofgoingwithoutfood，causingadecreaseinenergy．Eatingusuallyfixesthiswithin20to30minutes，butdon’tsupposethateatingmorewillcauseafasterincreaseinenergy.

Whenyoueathasasmuchofaneffectonyourmoodaswhatyoueat.Ifyouregularlygoforalongperiodoftimebetweenmeals，rethinkyourscheduleandplanahead.(1)Theunderlinedphraseinthethirdparagraphmeans_________.A.beextremelysmartB.intendtocheatsomeoneC.bringaboutthedesiredresult

D.dosomethingtoamusepeople(2)Thefunctionofproteinis_________.A.tohelpyoukeepcalm-and-sleepyB.tomakeyoufeelenergeticC.toleadyoutoslownessD.toincreaseserotonininyourbrain(3)Wecaninferfromthelasttwopartsthat_________________.A.fatandsugarcangreatlyhelppeoplefeelhappyB.wehumanstendtoeatlotsofcookiesandcakesC.themoreweeat,thefasterwewillgainenergyD.whatweeatismoreimportantthanwhenweeat(4)Themainideaofthepassageis____________.A.eatingforabettermood

B.eatingtomakeyoucalmC.eatingformoreprotein

D.eatingtomakeusstrong8LookingbackonChina’sroadtoouterspace,peoplecaneasilyfindithasnotbeenverysmooth.Inthepastyears,Chinesepeoplehavemadehardanddeterminedeffortstorealizethedreamtheirancestorshadforthousandsofyears.

AfterChina’sfirstsatelliteintotheEarth’sorbitin1970camefourflightsofunmannedShenzhoumissionsfrom1999to2002.Thecountrycarriedoutitsfirstone-pilotedspaceflightin0ctober,2003,makingChinathethirdcountryintheworldtohaveindependenthumanspaceflightabilityaftertheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStates.ThencameanotherbreakthroughoilOctober12,2005,whenShenzhou6,China’s’secondhumanspaceflight,waslaunched,withacrewoftwoastronauts.What’smore,thelandmark(里程碑)spacewalkdonebyZhaiZhigang,oneofthethreeboardingShenzhou7,launchedonSept.25,2008,Leadsthecountryfurtherinitsspaceexploration.

Meanwhile,China’smoonexplorationproject,startedin2004,hasalsobeenprogressingsatisfactorily.FifryyearsaftertheSovietUnionlaunchedSputnik,theworld’sfirstmanmadesatellite,China’sfirstcircumlunar(繞月的)satelliteChang’eltookoffonOct.24,2007,whichbecameanothermilestoneinChina’sspaceachievementsafterthe.above-men-tionedmannedflights.Chang’elwasexpectedtofulfillfourscientificgoals,oneofwhichwastoprobe(探測)mineralelementsonthemoon,especiallythosenotexistentontheEarth.It’ssaidthatthe1unarregolith(月壤)isabundantinhelium-3,acleanfuelthatmaysupporttheEarth’senergydemandsformorethanacentury.Nearly3yearslater,Oct.1.2010witnessedtheblastingoffofChang’e2.China’s2ndunmannedlunarprobe,markinganotherstepforwardinmoonexploration.ThistimetheaimistotestthekeytechniquesofChang’e3andChang’e4,asapreparationforasoftlunarlandinginthefuture.

Withgreatexpectations,peopleallovertheworldarelookingforwardtoChina’sgreaterspaceachievements.(1)Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Chinasentitsfirstsatelliteintothemoon’sorbitin1970.B.ChinaisthethirdcountryinAsiatomakehumanspaceflight.C.Bynow,altogether5astronautshavemadesuccessfulspaceflightbyShenzhouspaceship.D.ThelaunchingofChang’elbecamethethirdmilestoneinChina’sspaceachievements.(2)Paragraph2mainlydealswithinformationaboutChina’s______________.A.landmarkspacewalk

B.mannedShenzhoumissionsC.firstcircumlunarsatellite

D.unmannedShenzhoumissions(3)Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______________.A.China’sroadtoouterspacehasnotbeenverysmoothforalongtimeB.thelunarregolithisbelievedtoberichinacleanfluecalledhelium-3C.China’slunarexplorationprojectwasstartedin2004andcompletedin2007D.China’sscientistsareresearchingintotechniquesforsoftlunarlanding(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext.A.AncientChinese’sDreamB.China’sMajorSpaceAchievementsC.China’sMoonExplorationD.TheWorld’sGreatExpectations【解析】

這篇文章回顧了中國太空探索所取得的成就——神舟號載人飛行和嫦娥探月衛(wèi)星的成功發(fā)射。(1)D正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"firstone-pilotedspaceflightinOctober，2003"以及"ThencameanotherbreakthroughonOctober12,2005"，再結(jié)合第三段中的"Chang’e1...whichbecameanothermilestone..."可知"嫦娥一號"的成功發(fā)射是中國太空探索的第三個里程碑。(2)B段落大意題。該段主要介紹了第一次載人航天飛行以及“神舟六號”和“神舟七號”載人航天飛行，故選B項。(3)D推理判斷題。A、B兩項是直接信息，故排除。由文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句內(nèi)容可推知：中國科學(xué)家正在研究在月球上軟著陸技術(shù)。(4)B主旨大意題。這篇文章圍繞“神舟號載人飛行和嫦娥探月衛(wèi)星發(fā)射”而展開，故B項作為標(biāo)題最合適。9Ascientistturnsouttobeabletoseethefuturebyofferingeachofsomefour-year-oldsapieceofcandyandwatchinghowheorshedealswithit.Somechildrenreacheagerlyforthetreattheysee.Somelastafewminutesbeforetheygivein.Butothersaredeterminedtowaituntilthelastmoment.

Bythetimethechildrenreachhighschoo1,somethingremarkablehashappened.Asurveyfoundthatthosewhoasfour-year-oldshadenoughself-controltoholdoutgenerallygrewuptobemorepopular,adventurous,confidentanddependable.Thechildrenwhogaveintotemptation(誘惑)earlyweremorelikelytobelonely.easilyfrustratedandinflexible(頑固的).

Actually,theabilitytodelayrewardisasignofemotionalintelligencewhichdoesn’tshowuponanIQtest.

Thehardwareofthebrainandthesoftwareofthemindhavelongbeenscientists’concerns.Butbraintheorycan’texplainwhatwewonderaboutmost,likethequestionwhysomepeopleremainupbeatinthefaceoftroublesthatwouldsinkalessresistantsoul.

HerecomesthetheoryofDanielGoleman,writerofEmotionalIntelligence：whenitcomestopredictingpeople’sSuccess,brainabilitymeasuredbyIQmayactuallymatterlessthanthequalitiesofmindoncethoughtofas"character".

EQisnottheoppositeofIQ.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheyworktogether;howone’sabilitytohandlestress,forinstance,affectstheabilitytoconcentrateandputintelligencetouse.Amongtheingredients(要素)forsuccess,researchersnowgenerallyagreethatIQcountsforabout20％;therestdependsoffeverythingfromsocialclasstoluck.

Whilemanyresearchersinthisrelativelynewfieldaregladtoseeemotionalissuesfinallytakenseriously,somefewfearEQinvitesmisuse.（3)Theunderlinedword"upbeat"inParagraph4probablymeans______________.A.kind

B.floating

C.excited

D.optimistic(4)Whydoestheauthormentiontheexperimentatthebeginningofthetext?A.Toamuseboththechildrenandreaders.B.Toprovethescientist’swisdom.C.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.D.ToshowushowtodoanIQtest.(5)Whatismostlikelytobewrittenintheparagraphthatfollows?A.InformationaboutfamouspeoplewithhighEQ.B.ExamplesshowingtheoppositevoiceaboutEQ.C.SomereasonswhyEQisarelativelynewfield.D.Strongdemandsforbasicemotionaleducation.【解析】

這篇文章講述了情商所起的重要作用、它與智商的關(guān)系以及人們應(yīng)如何看待。(1)C推理判斷題。從文章第二段的第二句可推出答案為C。(2)C正誤判斷題。從倒數(shù)第二段的第一句"EQisnottheoppositeofIQ."可知EQ和IQ并沒有相對立的關(guān)系，由此可判斷C項正確。(3)D猜測詞義題。從畫線詞所在句后面的內(nèi)容“困難可打倒意志不堅定的人”可猜測出"upbeat"是“樂觀的”意思。(4)C寫作意圖題。文章從"makeanexperiment"入手，從而引出作者要談及的話題EQ和IQ。(5)B文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。從文章的最后部分"somefewfear.EQinvitesmisuse"可推出，下文最有可能談及少數(shù)人對EQ持否定態(tài)度的例子。10Lastweekend,20,000peoplegatheredinthestateofGeorgiatowatchstudentsfrom28countriescompetewithrobotstheybuilt.Morethantenthousandstudentsandmorethanfivehundredrobotstookpartinthecompetition.

ThestudentsandtheirrobotscompetedattheFIRSTChampionshipattheGeorgiaDomeinAtlanta.FIRSTistheshortwayofsayingtheorganization’scompletename：ForInspirationandRecognitionofScienceandTechnology.

Almost1.700highschoolteamsenteredalevelofcompetitioncalledLUNACY.

InJanuary,theorganizationsentsuppliesforrobotstoeachteam.TheteamshadsixweekstobuildrobotsthatcouldcompeteintheLUNACYgame.Theplayingareahadsixrobots,threeoneachteam.Eachrobothadanothervehicle,ortrailer(拖車)，connectedtoit.Therobotshadtopickup1argeballsandthrowthemintothetrailersofopposingrobots.Therobotsweremovingonasurfacewheretheycouldslide.Analliance(聯(lián)盟)ofteamsfromCalifornia，IllinoisandMichiganwontheLUNACYcompetition.

Asecondcompetitioninvolvedbuildingarobotthatcouldtravelonunevensurfaces,moveobjectswithunusualshapesandresistphysicalstress.

Anothercompetitionwasforyoungerstudents，agedfrom9to14.Theyhadtodesign.buildandprogramrobotstoexploretheEarth’sclimate.

AmericaninventorDeanKamenstartedFIRSTin1989.Theorganizationholdsrobotcompetitionsaroundtheworld.Itoffersprogramsthathelpyoungpeoplelearnmore"aboutscience，technology，engineeringandmathematics，whichbuildlifeskills.Manycompaniesprovidesupporttotheorganization.

MisterKamensaysthegoalisaboutmorethanbuildingrobots.Hesaysthestudentcompetitorsshowedtheycoulddealwithdifficulttechnologicalproblems.And.1lesaysthatisgoodnewsbecausetheworldneedscreativethinkerstohelpwithincreasinglycomplexproblemsinthefuture.(1)TheRobotCompetitionwasorganizedby_________．A．thestateofGeorgiaB．a(chǎn)norganizationnamedFIRSTC．AmericaninventorDeanKamenD．somecompaniesfromCalifornia(2)TherobotsintheLUNACYgameareableto_______．A．travelonunevensurfacesB．exploretheEarth’sclimateC．throwballsintothetrailersD．moveobjectswithdifferentshapes(3)ThemainpurposeofFIRSTisto_______．A．a(chǎn)ttractmorecompaniestosupportthemB．helpstudentsunder8tobeinterestedinscienceC．teachstudentshowtobuildrobotsonthespotD．helpyoungpeoplelearnscienceaswellaslifeskills(4)Theunderlinedword"that"inthelastparagraphreferstoA．thegoalofbuildingrobotsB．thestudents’abilitytodealwithtechnologicalproblemsC．thegoalofthestudentcompetitorsD．somethingabouttechnologicalproblems【解析】在美國的佐治亞州舉辦的機(jī)器人比賽吸引了來自不同國家的眾多選手的參與，組織者希望通過這樣的比賽提升年輕人的科學(xué)知識，培養(yǎng)生活技能，為未來攻克復(fù)雜問題做準(zhǔn)備。(1)B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分中的內(nèi)容可知機(jī)器人比賽是由—個名叫FIRST的組織舉辦的。(2)C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第三句中的內(nèi)容可知這次比賽中的機(jī)器人要能夠把球扔進(jìn)對抗機(jī)器人的拖車中。(3)D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句中的內(nèi)容可知這個組織的主要目的是幫助年輕人學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)和生活技能。(4)B代詞指代題。此處承接的是上一句中的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)上一句后半部分中的內(nèi)容可知此處that指的是學(xué)生處理技術(shù)問題的能力。11Whydomenliveashorterlifethanwomen?Thelatestresearchindicatesthatmen’sheartsgoingintoarapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagecouldbethecause.Theresearchofageingonthehearthasshownthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartsdonotlosemuchpumpingpowerwithage.

“Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20percent-25percentbetween20and70yearsofage,”saidtheheadofthestudy,SamanthaofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.

“Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellswhichmakeitbeat.Betweentheagesof20and70,one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmen,”saidSamantha."Thisispartoftheageingprocess."

Whatamazesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartsuffersverylittlelossofthesecells.Ahealthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldworkalmostasperfectlyasa20-year-oldone’s.

“Thisgender(性別)differencemightgivethereasonwhymenliveshorterthanwomen.”saidSamantha.Theystudiedover250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof17and80,whoaremainlyhealthypersonssoastoreducetheinfluenceofdisease.“Theteamhasyettothinkaboutwhyageingsuffersagreaterlossonthemaleheart.”saidSamantha.

Butthereisalsogoodnews—mencanenjoythehealthoftheirheartswithregularexercise.Samanthastressedthatwomenshouldalsotakeregularexercisetostoptheirlegmusclesgettingweakerastheyage.【解析】

本文介紹了一項科學(xué)研究的結(jié)果：男人比女人壽命短主要是男人的心臟細(xì)胞在20歲到70歲之間損失掉三分之一，因而心臟的能力降低了20％—25％，而女人的心臟細(xì)胞在這一年齡階段損失得很少。(1)B猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句話"Whydomenliveashorterlifethanwomen?"可推知"longevity"的意思足“長壽”。(2)D主旨大意題。本文探討了男人比女人壽命短的主要原因，那就是與心臟細(xì)胞數(shù)量的減少有關(guān)。男人的心臟細(xì)胞在20歲到70歲之間會喪失三分之一，因而心臟的能力降低了20％—25％，而女人的心臟細(xì)胞在這個年齡階段幾乎沒有喪失。因此，本文的中心話題是心臟與長壽。(3)C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的第一句"Whatamazesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartsuffersverylittlelossofthesecells”可知答案為C。(4)C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，男人經(jīng)常進(jìn)行鍛煉可以擁有健康的心臟，女人經(jīng)常進(jìn)行鍛煉可以抵制腿部的肌肉衰弱無力。因此，要想長壽，就要積極鍛煉。12CHICAGO(Reuters)—Smokingnotonlycanwrinkle(起皺紋)thefaceandturnityellow—itcandothesametothewholebody.researchersreportedonMonday.Thestudy，publishedintheArchivesofDermatology,showsthatsmokingaffectstheskinalloverthebody—eventheskinprotectedfromthesun.

"Weexaminednon-facialskinthatwasprotectedfromthesun,andfoundthatthetotalnumberofpacksofcigarettessmokedperdayandthetotalyearsapersonhassmokedwerelinkedwiththeamountofskindamageapersonexperienced."Dr.YolandaHelfrichoftheUniversityofMichigan,wholedthestudy,saidinastatement.

"Inparticipantsolderthan65years,smokershadsignificantlymorefinewrinklingthannonsmokers.Similarfindingswereseeninparticipantsagedfrom45to65years,"Helfrich’steamaddedintheirreport.

Theresearcherstested82people,smokersandnonsmokers,takingpicturesoftheinnerfightalms.Theyrangedinagefrom22to9landhalfweresmokers.Independentjudgesdecidedhowwrinkledeachperson’sskinwas.

Whenskinisexposedtosunlight,notablytheface,itbecomescoarse.wrinkledanddiscoloredwithapaleyellowtint.Helfrich’steamwrote.

Severalpreviousstudieshavefoundthatcigarettesmokingcontributestopremature(過早的)skinagingasmeasuredbyfacialwrinkles,thestudysaid,butlittlehasbeendonetomeasuretheagingofskinnotexposedtolight.

Thereportdidnotdiscussthemechanisminvolvedbutpreviousresearchhasfoundthatcigarettesmoke,amongotherthings,causesbloodvessels(血管)beneaththeskintoconstrict(緊縮),reducingbloodsupplytotheskin.

Smokingcanalsodamagetheconnectivetissuethatsupportsboththeskinandtheinternalorgans.(1)Whenyourskinisexposedtosunlightlong,itbecomesallofthefollowingbut______.A.flexible

B.coarse

C.wrinkled

D.discolored(2)Howwrinkledaperson’sskinisdoesn’trelateto______.A.thenumberofcigarettesapersonsmokesB.thekindandcharacteristicsofskinC.howlongapersonsmokesD.howlongskinisundersunlight(3).Fromthepassagesmokingresultsinskinagingmainlybecause______________.A.itwilllowerbloodsupplytoskinB.itcanmakeyoufeeltiredC.itcanmakeskincomeoffD.itcanmakebloodrunfaster(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto__________________.A.informpeopleabouttheresultofthestudyB.advisepeoplehowtoprotectskinC.warnpeoplenottosmokeagainD.introduceanewwayofavoidingskinaging【解析】研究表明，吸煙對皮膚的危害極大，如加快皮膚衰老，改變皮膚顏色等。才外，還會破壞結(jié)締組織。不知種種觸目驚心的研究結(jié)果是否能給廣大煙民敲響警鐘？(1)A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的內(nèi)容可知當(dāng)皮膚長時間暴露在陽光下時，皮膚不會變得“柔韌”。(2)B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章中沒有提到皮膚起皺紋的程度與皮膚的種類和特征有關(guān)。(3)A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第三段提到抽煙會讓皮膚過早衰老，下一段中提到抽煙使皮膚下的血管緊縮，減少血液對皮膚的供應(yīng)，由此可知抽煙導(dǎo)致皮膚衰老的主要原因是降低了血液對皮膚的供應(yīng)量。(4)C寫作目的題。文章闡述了吸煙的種種危害，觸目驚心，目的顯然是警告人們不要再抽煙了。13Environmentalistssaidourplanetwasdoomedtodie.Nowonemansaystheyarewrong.

"Everyoneknowstheplanetisinbadshape,"thunderedamagazinearticlelastyear.Species（物種）arebeingdriventodieoutatrecordrates,andtheriversaresopoisonousthatfisharefloatingonthesurface,dead.

Butthere'sagrowingbeliefthatwhateveryonetakesforgrantediswrong:thingsareactuallygettingbetter.Anewbookisabouttooverturnourmostbasicassumptionsabouttheworld'senvironment.Rivers,seas,rainandtheatmosphereareallgettingcleaner.Thetotalamountofforestsintheworldisnotdeclining.TheSkepticalEnvironmentalistbyBjornLomborg,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofAarhusinDenmark,isanattackonthemisleadingclaimsofenvironmentalgroups,andthe"badnews"culturethatmakespeoplebelieveeverythingisgettingworse.

Nowtheattacksareincreasinglycoiningfromleft-wingenvironmentalistssuchasLomborg,aformermemberofGreenpeace.Theaccusationisthat,althoughtheenvironmentisimproving,greengroups—withprofitsofhundredsofmil-lionsofpoundsayear—areusingscaretactics(謀略)togaindonations.Lomborg'sbookdoesn'tdenyglobalwarming—probablythebiggestenvironmentalthreat—butdestroysalmosteveryotherenvironmentalclaimwithmanyofficialstatistics.

TheWorldwatchInstituteclaimsthat"deforestationhasbeenacceleratingoverthelast30years".ButLomborgsaysthatissimplyrubbish.Sincethedawnofagriculturetheworldhaslostabout20percentofitsforestcover,butinrecentdecadestheforestarea'sdepletinghascometoastop.AccordingtoUNfigures,theareaofforestshasremainedalmoststeady,atabout30percentoftotallandarea,sincethe1940s.ForestsincountriessuchastheUS,theUKandCanadahaveactuallybeenexpandingoverthepast40years.DespiteallthewarningstheAmazonrainforesthasonlyshrunk（縮?。゜yabout15percent.

Norareallourspeciesdyingout.Somecampaignersclaimthat50percentofallspecieswillhavediedoutwithin50years.Butotherstudiesshowonly0.08percentofspeciesaredyingouteachyear.Conservationeffortshavebeensuccessful.Whalesarenolongerthreatenedandthebaldeagleisofftheendangeredlist.

Environmentalgroupsclaimthatmanyoftheimprov