園藝英語：Fruits and Vegetables完整版

FruitsandVegetablesWhatisafruit?Anorganthatdevelopsfromtheovary(子房）ofafloweringplantandcontainsoneormoreseeds.OrTheperfectsnackfood（休閑食品）,thebasisofadessert,colorfulsauceorsouporanaccompaniment（添加劑）tomeat,fish,orpoultry（禽類）.Whatisfruitsugarcalled?Fructose（果糖）Fruitsareclassified.Classifiedbygrowingseasonandlocation.SummerFruitWinterFruitTropicalFruit（熱帶水果）SummerFruitsBerries,cherries,grapes,melons,peaches,plumsandpears.stonefruit,drupe（核果）Mostaredeliciousraw,alsopopularbakedorcooked.BerriesMostperishable（易腐）,tenderandfragileHandleaslittleaspossibleDon’twashuntilusedTechnicallygrapesareberriesMelonsCantaloupe（哈密瓜）Crenshaw（克蘭省甜瓜）Honeydew（甜蜜瓜）WatermelonFromthesquash familyWinterFruitsCitrus（柑橘類的植物）suchasoranges,grapefruits（葡萄柚）,lemons,limes（酸橙）,tangerines（蜜桔）ApplesTropicalFruitsNamedforclimateIncludesfigs（無花果）,dates（椰棗）,bananas,papayas（木瓜）,pineapple,pomegranates（石榴）andpassionfruit（西番蓮果）.VegetablesEdible(可食用的)herb-likeplant.Leaves,fruit,stems,roots,tubers(塊莖),seeds&flowersFlowerVegetableIncludesbroccoli,cauliflower(菜花),artichokes（洋薊）Theyarethefloweroftheplant.FruitVegetablesAvocados,cucumbers,eggplants,peppers,squash&tomatoes.Fruitoftheplant–fromaflower.LeafyVegetablesIncludeslettuce（生菜）,spinach（菠菜） andswisschard（瑞士甜菜）Brusselssprouts(球芽甘藍)

.SeedVegetableVegetableinwhichtheseed,and/orpod（豆莢）oftheplantiseaten.Corn,peas,beans.RootVegetableVegetablethathasasinglerootthatextendedintothegroundandprovidesnutrientstothepartoftheplantthatexistsaboveground.Carrot,radish（水蘿卜）.TubersStemtubers

astembuberformsfromthickenedrhizomes(根狀莖)orstolons(匍匐莖),PotatoesRoottubers

Atuberousrootorstorageroot,isamodifiedlateralroot,enlargedtofunctionasastorageorgan.sweetpotatoes.BulbAbulbisashortstemwithfleshyleavesorleafbases.Theleavesoftenfunctionasfood

storageorgansduringdormancy.Onion,GarlicStemVegetablesVegetableinwhichthefibrousplantstemiseaten.Celery（芹菜）,asparagus,.Health

Benefits

of

Fruitsand

VegetablesFruitsandVegetablesPlayAPreventativeRoleInMany

Age-RelatedDiseases…

CancerHeartDiseaseStroke（中風）Hypertension（高血壓

）BirthDefects（先天畸型）Cataracts（白內(nèi)障

）SkinWrinkling（皮膚起皺

）Diverticulosisofcolon（結腸憩室?。〥iabetesMellitus（糖尿病）COPD（慢性阻塞性肺?。㎡steoporosis（骨質(zhì)疏松）Obesity（肥胖）Alzheimer’sDisease（阿爾茨海默氏病）

VarietyofProtectiveComponents

inFruitsandVegetablesAntioxidants抗氧化劑VitaminsA&CFolate葉酸PotassiumFiberFlavonoids黃酮類化合物Phytochemicals植物素Nofat,saturatedfat,transfats,orcholesterol（膽固醇）LowinsodiumandcaloriesEatYourColorsEveryDayToStayHealthyandFit!*Low-fatdietsrichinfruitsandvegetablesandlowinsaturatedfatandcholesterolmayreducetheriskofheartdiseaseandsometypesofcancer,diseasesassociatedwithmanyfactors.*ColorModelREDEatdeepredandpinkfruits&vegetablesPhytochemicals:Lycopene（番茄紅素）:Tomatoes,raw&cooked;watermelon,pinkgrapefruitStudiedforroleinprostatecancer（前列腺癌）andheartdiseaseAnthocyanins（花青素）:PowerfulantioxidantsBerries,cherries,strawberries,cranberries（蔓越莓）,redapples,beets（甜菜）,redcabbage,kidneybeans（蕓豆）YELLOWORANGEEatdeepyellowororangefruits&vegetablesPhytochemicals:BetaCarotene（β-胡蘿卜素）:Powerfulantioxidant;studiedalongwithvitaminsC&Eforroleinreducingriskforcancer,heartdisease,boostingimmunesystem,slowingagingandmaintaininggoodeyesightBioflavonoids（生物類黃酮）:Citrus柑橘:workwithvitaminCtostrengthenbonesandteeth,healwounds,keepskinhealthyWHITEEatwhitefruits&vegetablesPhytochemicals:Allicin（大蒜素）:StudiedforroleinloweringcholesterolandbloodpressureandincreasingabilitytofightinfectionsExamples:garlic,chives（細香蔥）,scallions（蔥）,leeks（韭菜）,onionsIndoles（吲哚類）&Sulfaforaphanes:StudiedforroleininhibitingcancergrowthCauliflower（菜花）GREENEatdeepgreenfruits&vegetablesPhytochemicals:Indoles:Cruciferousvegetables（十字花科蔬菜）(broccoli,cabbage,bokchoy（白菜）,Brusselsprouts（甘藍）)Studiedforroleinprotectingagainstbreastandprostatecancers（前列腺癌）Lutein（葉黃素）&Zeaxanthin（玉米黃素）:PowerfulantioxidantStudiedforroleinmaintaingoodvisionhealthGreenleafyvegetables(kale無頭甘藍,peas,spinach菠菜,kiwi)

BLUEPURPLEEatdeepblueandpurplefruits&vegetablesPhytochemicals:Anthocyanins（花青素）andPhenolics（酚類物質(zhì)）:Studiedforabilitytofightheartdiseaseandcancer,anti-inflammatory（抗感染）power,anddelayagingBerries,driedplums（李子）,raisins（提子）,eggplant,plums,purplegrapes,blackcurrants（黑加侖）ColorWayGuideProposedPhytochemicalMechanismsPotentantioxidants;preventfreeradicaloxidation（自由基氧化）Boostcancer-fightingenzymes（增強抗癌酶活性）Blockunwantedbloodclotting（凝血）Preventinflammation(ie.chronicinflammationthoughttoplayaroleinsomecancers,heartdisease,andstrokes)PhytochemicalsPhenolics酚類物質(zhì)

flavonoids黃酮類化合物

flavonols黃酮類

Anthocyanidins（花青素）isoflavones大豆異黃酮

quercetin槲皮素

genistein三羥異黃酮

daidzein大豆苷元

Carotenoids類胡蘿卜素

Otherbetacarotene-胡蘿卜素Lutein葉黃素

lycopene番茄紅素

carotenes類胡蘿卜素resveratrol白藜蘆醇

melatonin褪黑激素

phytosterols植物甾醇

catechins兒茶酸epicatechins表兒茶酸

lignans木脂素tannins丹寧酸Listtheproceduresforproperlystoringripefruits,vegetables,rootsandtubers.Rootsandtubers:dry,unpeeledinacooldarkarea.Ripefruitsandvegetables:inrefrigeratorwithhumidityof80-110%Fruitsinonedrawer,vegetablesinanother.Somefruitsemitethylene（乙烯）thatcausesfruitstoripen.Don’tpeel,removetops.Unripenedfruitsandvegetables:roomtemperatureuntilripe,thenrefrigerator.Summarizewaystopreventfruitsandvegetablesfromspoiling（變質(zhì)）tooquickly.Keepfruitsandvegetablesawayfromeachother.Refrigerateifripe.Limitstoragelife.Don’tpeelorwashbeforeuse.Onlystoreabout4days.AppropriatecookingmethodsforfruitGrillorbroilPoach（煮）Sautee（炒）BakeMicrowaveCookQuickly–Slices,chunksorhalvesPineapple,Bananas,PeachesFirmfruit–Apples,peaches,pearshalforlargepieces…smallfruitkeepwhole.Peel,coreandseed,cutinuniformsize–cherries,bananas,pears,pineappleFirmfruit–wholeorlargepieces,apples,pearsandbananasWatchcookingtime,cover–pierce（刺破）

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