英漢語(yǔ)言與文化

Chinese

vs.

EnglishParataxis

vs.

Hypotaxis鄒彥群北京第二外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院Differences

between

Chinese

and

English?Connection

between

language

and

culture?Chinese

culture

?Western

culture?Ways

of

thinking

?中醫(yī)VS西醫(yī)陰陽(yáng)五行相生相克·

陰陽(yáng)平衡，辨證施治，中藥配伍，君臣佐使遠(yuǎn)端取穴，辨證施治·

主客分離，講究解剖整體觀辨證觀主客分離觀分析觀·

那么反應(yīng)在語(yǔ)言上，是怎樣的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)呢？枯藤老樹(shù)昏鴉小橋流水人家古道西風(fēng)瘦馬夕陽(yáng)西下斷腸人在天涯·

1

It

was

a

keen

disappointment

when

I

had

topostpone

the

visit

which

I

had

intended

to

pay

toChina

in

May.

I

was

delighted

when,

as

a

result

ofthe

effort

of

your

company,

it

proved

possible

toreinstate

the

visit

so

quickly.·

原打算五月份訪華，后不得不推遲，深感失望。由于貴公司的努力，訪問(wèn)這么快得以重新安排，非常高興。·

2

Change

of

information,

if

any,

concerning

the

contents

of

this

section

will

be

found

in

the

appendix

at

the

end

of

this

book.·

本節(jié)內(nèi)容如有更改，均見(jiàn)本書(shū)末附錄?！?/p>

3

The

isolation

of

the

rural

world

because

ofdistance

and

the

lack

of

transport

facilitiescompounded

by

the

paucity

of

theinformation

media.·

由于距離遠(yuǎn)，又缺乏交通工具，使農(nóng)村社會(huì)與外界隔絕，而這種隔絕，又由于通訊工具不足而變得更加嚴(yán)重。分詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞連詞介詞顯性銜接overt

cohesion隱性連貫covert

coherence以形統(tǒng)神Overt

cohesion以神馭形Covertcoherence借助語(yǔ)言形式手段包括詞匯手段和形態(tài)手段Syntactic

devicesLexical

devices形合hypotaxis借助詞語(yǔ)或句子所含意義的聯(lián)系Semanticconnection意合parataxis英譯漢1.The

water

of

the

lake

was

so

clear

thatevery

fish

could

be

seen

distinctly·A

湖水如此清澈，以致于游魚(yú)歷歷可數(shù)。B湖水清澈,游魚(yú)歷歷可數(shù).2

If

you

turn

to

the

left,

you

will

find

ourinstitute

at

a

distance.a.如果你向左轉(zhuǎn)彎，你就可以遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)看到我們學(xué)校。b.向左轉(zhuǎn)彎就可以遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)看到我們學(xué)校。3

I

can’t

trust

him,

because

he

is

not

honesa.因?yàn)樗焕蠈?shí)，所以我不相信他。b.他不老實(shí)，我不相信他。4

There

are

many

wonderful

stories

to

tellabout

the

places

I

visited

and

the

people

Imet.關(guān)于我所訪問(wèn)的一些地方和遇見(jiàn)的一些人有許多奇妙的故事可以講。我走了一些地方，也遇到了一些人。要談起來(lái)，奇妙的事兒可多著哩?！?/p>

5

All

was

cleared

up

some

time

later

whennews

came

from

a

distant

place

that

anearthquake

was

felt

the

very

day

the

littlecopper

ball

fell.一切得到澄清。過(guò)了一些時(shí)候，從遠(yuǎn)方傳來(lái)消息：確實(shí)發(fā)生了地震，在小銅球墜落當(dāng)天。過(guò)了一些時(shí)候，從遠(yuǎn)方傳來(lái)了消息：小銅球墜落當(dāng)天，確實(shí)發(fā)生了地震。這一切終于得到了澄清?！?/p>

6

In

the

doorway

lay

at

least

twelveumbrellas

of

all

sizes

and

colors.門(mén)口放著至少有十二把五顏六色、大小不一的雨傘。門(mén)口放著一堆雨傘，少說(shuō)也有十二把，五顏六色，大小不一。7

The

cat

ate

the

mouse

that

ate

the

malt(麥芽糖)that

lay

in

the

corner

of

the

house.a.貓吃了那只吃了放在房子角落里的麥芽糖的耗子。b.耗子吃了放在房子角落里的麥芽糖，貓吃了耗子。8

Leaning

down

to

the

little

girl,

the

barberlistened

to

her

about

the

style

she

wanted.俯下身，那個(gè)理發(fā)師聽(tīng)小姑娘說(shuō)她想要的發(fā)型。只見(jiàn)那個(gè)理發(fā)師俯下身，聽(tīng)小姑娘說(shuō)，她要什么發(fā)式。漢語(yǔ)意合法人不犯我，我不犯人。We

will

not

attack

unless

we

are

attacked.他不老實(shí)，我不能信任他。I

can’t

trust

him,

because

he

is

not

honest.·語(yǔ)序種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。As

you

sow,

so

will

you

reap.人有失誤，馬有失蹄。It

is

a

good

horse

that

never

stumbles.沉魚(yú)落雁之容，閉月羞花之貌。Be

lovely

enough

to

outshine

the

moon

and

put

theflowers

to

shame.反復(fù)排比對(duì)偶整齊勻稱句式·

物極必反Once

a

certain

limit

is

reached,

a

change

inthe

opposite

direction

is

inevitable.不進(jìn)則退He

who

does

not

advance

falls

backward.四字格形合意合在翻譯中的應(yīng)用英譯漢化整為零找出主干梳理關(guān)系中文表達(dá)語(yǔ)序調(diào)整反復(fù)對(duì)偶四字格……漢譯英化零為整分清主題事件置于主句客體描摹背景前提從句、詞組處理介詞分詞連詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞……對(duì)應(yīng)？字詞句子語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)言與文化文化

深層機(jī)制語(yǔ)言

表層結(jié)構(gòu)辯證地看待意合與形合漢語(yǔ)并非絕對(duì)意合，英文并非絕對(duì)形合。Man

proposes,

God

disposes.謀事在人，成事在天。Grasp

all,

lose

all.如果你樣樣都想抓，就會(huì)一樣也抓不到。（貪多必失）Long

absent,

soon

forgotten.別久情疏。Penny

wise,

pound

foolish.小事聰明，大事糊涂?！?/p>

王力（1984:141）先生說(shuō)：“西洋語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)好像連環(huán)，雖則環(huán)與環(huán)都聯(lián)絡(luò)起來(lái)，畢竟有聯(lián)絡(luò)的痕跡；中國(guó)語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)好像無(wú)縫天衣，只是一塊一塊的硬湊，湊起來(lái)還不讓它有痕跡。西洋語(yǔ)法是硬的；中國(guó)語(yǔ)法是軟的，富于彈性的。惟其是硬的，所以，西洋語(yǔ)法有許多呆板的要求，如每一個(gè)clause里必須有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)；惟其是軟的，所以中國(guó)語(yǔ)法只以達(dá)意為主，…，如相關(guān)的兩件事可以硬湊在一起，不用任何的connective

word。”·

高明凱（1986:366）“漢人平常說(shuō)話不喜歡用太多沒(méi)有基本意義的虛詞，只是把事情或意思排列起來(lái)，讓人去了解這兩個(gè)意思之間所生成的關(guān)系如何。不過(guò)這并不是說(shuō)漢人說(shuō)話不合邏輯，因?yàn)椴患犹撛~，我們也知道這句話的意思?！毙〗Y(jié)意合以意馭形結(jié)構(gòu)松散富有彈性銜接語(yǔ)序反復(fù)排比對(duì)偶四字格……形合以形顯意結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)缺乏彈性銜接介詞連詞分詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞……英文vs中文思維方式·請(qǐng)完成課后作業(yè)。Thank

you.參考文獻(xiàn)連淑能.英譯漢教程.北京:高等教育