SAT寫作素材-美國教育

SATSAT必背要點(diǎn)：ItisageneralviewthateveryAmericanhastherightandobligationtobecomeeducated.Americanbelievethat,througheducation,anindividualacquirestheknowledge,skill,attitudesandabilitieswhichwillenablehimtofitintosocietyandimprovehissocialstatus.Educationhelpstoshapethesocietyanddevelopthenationalstrength。在美國，人們普遍認(rèn)識(shí)是，每一個(gè)人都有受教育的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，通過受教育，人們可以更好的適應(yīng)社會(huì)，提高自身的社會(huì)地位，教育有助于塑造社會(huì)，增強(qiáng)國家實(shí)力。（2000，46題，一句話回答）FormaleducationintheU.Sconsistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation,Elementaryandsecondaryeducation,whichformspubliceducationisfreeandcompulsory.美國正規(guī)的教育由初等，中等和高等教育組成，初等，中等教育屬公立教育，是免費(fèi)和義務(wù)的。InAmerican,therearemorepublicelementaryandsecondaryschoolsthatprivateones,whileprivatecollegesanduniversitiesoutnumberpublicones.在美國，公立中小學(xué)比私立多，而私立大學(xué)比公立大學(xué)多。UndertheTenthAmendmenttotheU.SConstitution,educationwasincludedamongtheresponsibilitieswhichwerereservedtothestatesorthepeople:.根據(jù)美國憲法第十修正案，教育是：保留給各州或人民：的責(zé)任之一。ThereisnotanationalsystemofeducationintheUnitedStates,Itisthestatethatestablishespoliciesfortheeducationwithinitsboundary,somanyvariationscanbefoundintheeducationsystemofthe50states.美國沒有全國統(tǒng)一的教育體制，而是由各州為自己轄區(qū)內(nèi)的學(xué)校制訂50ElementaryandsecondaryeducationintheU.Scovers12yearsforages6through18,Allthestateshavelawsthatrequirechildrentogotoschool,generallyuntiltheageof16,unlesstheyareseverelyhandicapped126816InAmerican,thetotalsupportforpublicschoolsisabout186billionayear,about7%ofthegrossnationalproduct(GNP18507%。EachlocalschooldistrictofAmericanhasagoverningboardwhosemajorresponsibilitiesare1>thehiringofprofessionalandsupportstaff,2>determiningthemostsuitablelocalcurriculum,3>anddevelopingandapprovingabudgettocarryouteducationalprograms.Usuallytheboardofeducationemploysasuperintendentofschool,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficeratthelocallevel.每個(gè)地方學(xué)區(qū)都有一個(gè)由選民選舉產(chǎn)生的管理委員會(huì)，它主要有三個(gè)職責(zé)，1。聘用教師和學(xué)校員工，2。決定適合當(dāng)?shù)氐恼n程，3。制定和批準(zhǔn)執(zhí)行教育計(jì)劃的預(yù)算，通常，教育委員會(huì)要選一位督學(xué)，作為地方一級(jí)的重要教育行政官員。ThetypicalorganizationalpatternforelementaryandsecondaryschoolsisthatofgradedschoolsUsuallytheelementaryschoolcoversgrades1-8andthehighschool9-12.美國中小18912ThereisacertaindegreeofsimilarityintheAmericanelementaryschoolcurriculum.Itmainlyconsistsofmasteryofthe“basics”suchasreading,writing,andarithmeticofmathematics.寫作，和算術(shù)或數(shù)學(xué)等。HighereducationoftheU.SbeganwiththefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636.美國的1636（2001，22）ThesystemofhighereducationintheU.Shasthreeprincipalfunctions:teaching,researchandpublicservice.美國高等教育有三大職能：教學(xué)，研究，和公眾服務(wù)。InAmerican,therearethebestresearchuniversitiessuchasHarvard,Yale,Princeton,ColumbiaandMITintheeast,aswellasStanfordandBerkeleyonthewestcoast.美國最好的科研型大學(xué)有位于東部的哈佛，耶魯，普林斯頓，哥倫比亞，和麻省理工大學(xué)，位于西海岸的斯坦福大學(xué)和伯克利大學(xué)。Theadministrationofmostcollegesanduniversitiesisquiteseparatefromthatoftheschool.ButtherearethreeStateboardthatsetpolicyforeducationatalllevelsinrespectivestate,TheyaretheStateBoardsofNewYorkRhodeIslandandMichigan.大多數(shù)學(xué)院和大學(xué)的3（這三個(gè)州字頭串起來是MRNew=牛先生）ExceptforsomecollegesponsoredbytheCatholicChurch,allcollegeanduniversitiesintheU.S,publicorprivate,aregovernedbyaboardoftrusteescomposedprimarilyoflaymen.除了一些由天主教會(huì)贊助的大學(xué)外，美國所有的大學(xué)都是由一個(gè)主要的由外行人員組成的托管委員會(huì)管理。Thecommunitycollegecallsforeducationtoservethegoodofboththeindividualandsociety.ItembodiesThomasJefferson’sbeliefthataneducationshouldbepracticalaswellasliberal.社區(qū)學(xué)院奉行教育既為個(gè)人又為社會(huì)服務(wù)的宗旨，它包含了托馬斯。杰斐遜教育既是實(shí)用的又是自由這一信仰。Bythemid-1980s,awaveofeducationreformsweptthecountry.Thesereformhadtwofocuses:1>theraisingofthestandardsofteachingandlearning;2>therestructuringofthe8012》學(xué)校的結(jié)構(gòu)改革。In1983,areportentitled“ANationAtRisk”wasissuedwhichcitedhighratesofadultilliteracy,decliningSATscores,thedeclineofeducationalstandards.Thereportputforwardfiveproposals.1983《危險(xiǎn)中的國家》發(fā)表，引用了成人文盲比例高，學(xué)生技能下降，教育水準(zhǔn)下降等例子，該報(bào)告提出了五點(diǎn)建議。OnApril18,1991,PresidentBushissuedhisplan”American2000:AnEducationstrategy”whichsetsixgoals.必背簡(jiǎn)答：WhatarethethreeprinciplefunctionsofthesystemofhighereducationintheU.S?teaching、researchandpublicserviceWhatistheguidingprincipleofcommunitycollege?Itishighereducationforeveryoneandthephilosophythatequalitymustequalopportunityforself-realizationandfortherecognitionofindividualdifferences.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanacademichighschoolandatechnicalhighschool?whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerunderthelocalboardofeducationinAmerica?Thesuperintendentofschoolsisthechiefexecutiveofficeratthelocallevel.whatarethethreetypeofAmericanhighschools?Theyarecomprehensive,academic,vocational,andtechnicalschools.whataretwofocusesofthereformsinthe1980swhenawaveofeducationreformsweptthecountry?(theansweris1717WhydoesthenumberofgraduateschoolenrollmentinAmericankeepclimbing?Becauseanadvanceddegreeisviewedasakeywaytomoveaheadpeople’scareers.Accordingtothereporten