英文合同解讀-(八)英語合同的常用句型

英文合同解讀一（八）英語合同的常用句型分類有限責任公司，股分有限公司，外商投資公司發(fā)文日期2022-08-17作者王輝正文內(nèi)容：一、引導條件從句的句型intheeventthat(短語為intheeventof),incase(短語為incaseof),providing(that),provided(that),ontheconditionsthat,if(ifandwhenever),where,insofaras(insofaras),should,suppose/supposing(that)在英文合同中，以上這些詞常用來引導條件從句表示“如果、假如”等情形，基礎英語中常用的“aslongas”在英文合同中非常鮮見。例一：IntheeventthattheContractPriceoranyothertermsoftheContractchangesaftertheissuanceoftheLetterofCredit(orLetterofGuarantee)theOwnershallarrangeforsuchLettertobeamendedaccordinglyassoonaspossibleafteranysuchchanges.如果在信用證(或者保函)開出后，合同總價或者合同其他條款發(fā)生變化，業(yè)主應盡快安排對信用證(或者保函)進行相應的修改。例二：Incasepartoforallknow?howoftheabove?mentionedtechnicalcontentshavebeenpublishedbyPartyBorThirdPartiesAobtainsevidenceofsuchpublication,thenPartyAshallnolongerberesponsibleforkeepingsecretandconfidentialthepartalreadypublished.如上述專有技術的一部份或者全部已由第三方發(fā)布，而甲方也掌握了已發(fā)布的證據(jù)，則甲方再也不承擔保密義務。例三：15%oftheabovecontractprice,e.g.US$21,000.00shallbepaidbyPartyAtoPartyBbyM/Twithin30daysafterPartyAhasreceivedfromPartyBthefollowingtechnicaldocumentationsanddocumentsandprovidingthattheyareinconformitywiththecontract:甲方從乙方處收到以下技術資料和文件后30天內(nèi)應信匯乙方上述合同總價的15%,也就是21000美元，但該技術資料和文件應符合本合同要求。例四：Eitherpartymayatanytimereplacethechairman,deputychairmanordirector(s)ithasappointed,providedthatitgiveswrittennoticetotheJointVentureCompanyandtheotherparty.任何一方可隨時更換自己委派的董事長、副董事長或者董事，但必須書面通知合資公司和合資的另一方。需要注意的是，providedthat通常語氣上有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，不宜翻譯為“假如，如果”；譯為“但是”，則譯文過渡自然，符合漢語表達的規(guī)范。例五：ShouldthesellermakedeliveryontimeasstipulatedintheContractwiththeexceptionofForceMajeurespecifiedinClausel8tothiscontract,theBuyershallagreetopostponethedeliveryonconditionthattheSeileragreetopayapenaltywhichshallbedeductedbythepayingbankfromthepaymentundernegotiation,如果賣方并非因本合同第18條規(guī)定的不可抗力事件而未按合同規(guī)定的期限交貨，那末，只要賣方允許支付罰金，并由付款行從議付款中扣除，買方便允許賣方延期交貨。句中浮現(xiàn)兩處條件從句，should引導的從句屬于非真實條件句，即虛擬語氣，表示該條件發(fā)生的可能性很小，也就是說是當事人不希翼浮現(xiàn)的不利情況。而onconditionthat引導的條件從句，往往表示只要某情況浮現(xiàn)，就如何如何。彳列六：NotwithstandingthecompletionofthesaleandpurchaseoftheordinarysharesintheCompany,thetermsandconditionsofthisagreementshallremaininfullforceandeffectasbetweenthepartiesheretoinsofarasthesamearenotfulfil1ed.即使買賣公司月殳普通股已經(jīng)結(jié)束，只要該行為尚未履行完畢，本協(xié)議條款對雙方仍然徹底有效。例七：InallcaseswhereLicenseedesiresartworkinvolvingarticleswhicharethesubjectofthislicensetobeexecuted,thecostofsuchartworkandthetimefortheproductionthereofshallbebornebyLicensee.如果被許可方需要的工藝品涉及本許可將履行的標的,則該工藝品的費用和生產(chǎn)該工藝品的時耗應由被許可方承擔。彳列，I：Asanexample,supposethatStamps,comhasapartnershipagreementwithacompanycalled“InternetMarketing”.Inthisexample,uPartnerName“wouldbeuInternetMarketing”.試舉一例,如果Stamp,com公司與一家名叫InternetMarketing的公司有一合伙協(xié)議。本例中，該“合伙名稱"就是"InternetMaketing”。IfandwhenevertheattorneyatlawdesignatedbyPartyBcomestoworkwithPartyA,PartyAshallofferallsufficientandnecessaryfacilities,arrangethesaidlegalcounselwithanoffice,appointacompanyofficertoassistlegalcounselwithhisfunction,providerelevantinformationandwriteandprintlegaldraftforsuchlegalcounsel.乙方律師至lj甲方工作時，甲方應充分賦予安排，安排法律顧問辦公場所，選派干部協(xié)助律師工作，提供有關情況，繕寫、打印稿件等。相關鏈接：innocase,innoevent,inthecaseof,inanycase等innocase和innoevent表示"決不"即無論怎樣都不行。例如：Vesselover20yearsofageshallinnoeventbeacceptabletotheBuyer,船齡超過20年的，買方概不接受。Inthecaseof就什么來說，關于，inanycase無論如何例如：Inthecaseofdangerousand/orpoisonouscargo(es),theSellerisobligedtotakecaretoensurethatthenatureandthegenerallyadoptedsymbolshallbemarkedconspicuouslyoneachpackage.關于危(wei)險或者有毒貨物，賣方有義務照管確保其屬性安全且應在每一包裝上標注通常采用的標識。二、表示“某物所有權屬于某人”的句型Sth.is(shallremain)thepropertyofsb.,thetitleofsth.shallbevestedinsb.英語合同表示“某物所有權屬于某人”時，常用到這兩個句型。如果用Iheownershipofsth.belongstosb.,或者sb.owns/possessessth.就不夠正式，而且possess只指目前屬于某人，并不能說明獲得的來源，而own只表示“對，中的合法占有”。例一：AnydrawingsortechnicaldocumentsinterestedforuseintheConstructionofthePlantorofpartthereofandsubmittedtotheSellerbytheBuyerpriororsubsequenttoformationoftheContractremaintheexclusivepropertyoftheBuyer.本合同訂立先后由買方送交賣方用于建造設備或者其部份設備的圖紙或者技術資料仍為買方的專有財產(chǎn)。例二：LicenseeherebyagreesthatattheterminationorexpirationofthisagreementLicenseewillbedeemedtohaveassigned,transferredandconveyedtoLicensoranyrights,equities,goodwill,titlesorotherrightsinandtotheNamewhichmayhavebeenobtainedbyLicenseeorwhichmayhavevestedinLicenseeinpursuanceofanyendeavorscoveredhereby,andthatLicenseewillexecuteanyinstrumentsrequestedbyLicensortoaccomplishorconfirmtheforegoing.被許可方特此允許本協(xié)議終止或者屆滿時，被許可方視為向許可方轉(zhuǎn)讓被許可方因該名稱可能已獲得或者經(jīng)努力已擁有的任何權利、權益、商譽、所有權或者其他權利，并且被許可方應在許可方的要求下簽署任何文件以完成或者確認上述轉(zhuǎn)讓。三、Itis+p.pthat（pastparticiple過去分詞）+clause英文合同在使用被動語態(tài)時，有一些常見的特殊句型：Itisagreedthat+clause例一：ItismutuallyagreedthatthecertificateofqualityandquantityofweightissuedbythemanufacturershallbepartofthedocumentforpaymentwiththeadoptedLetterofCredit.雙方允許以創(chuàng)造廠出具的品質(zhì)、數(shù)量或者分量檢驗證明書作為有關信用證項下付款的單據(jù)之一。例二：ItisexpresslyagreedthatLesseewillnot,withoutobtainingpriorwrittenpermissionofLessor,assertonitsbehalf,oronbehalfofLessor,anyimmunityfromtaxationbasedonthetax?exemptstatus,ifany,oftheLessor.雙方明確允許承租人未經(jīng)出租人事先書面允許，不得自行或者代表出租人基于出租人的免稅身份主張免稅，如果出租人有該身份。Itisunderstoodthat+clause例一：ItisstrictlyunderstoodthattheSellerscannotbeheldresponsiblefornon?deliveryofdelayeddeliveryofthegoodsorderedifthesituationiscausedbyForceMajeure,suchaswar,rebellion,fire,strike,newleviesimposedbygovernment,mistakesintelegrams,inabilityof,orrefusalbythemanufacturerstofulfillthisContractoranyothercausesbeyondSeller?scontrol.嚴格明確賣方對于自己無法控制的不可抗力,如戰(zhàn)爭、叛亂、火災、罷工、政府新征稅、電報錯誤、生產(chǎn)廠商無能力或者拒絕按合同生產(chǎn)，導致的已定貨物不能發(fā)貨或者遲延發(fā)貨概不負責。例二：ItisunderstoodthattheSellershallnotbeliableforanydiscrepancyofthegoodsshippedduetocausesforwhichtheInsuranceCompany,ShippingCompany,othertransportationorganizationsand/orPostOfficeareliable.雙方明確賣方概不承擔屬保險公司、裝運公司或者其他運輸機構(gòu)、郵局責任范圍內(nèi)原因所造成已裝運貨物的瑕疵責任。Itisstressedthat+clause例句：ItisessentiallystressedthattheBuyersarerequestedtosignandreturntheduplicateofthisContractwithin3daysfromthedateofreceipt.Intheeventoffailuretodothis,theSellersreservetherighttocanceltheContract.必須強調(diào)：買方應于收到本合同之日起3天內(nèi)簽字并退還合同的副本，如買方不這樣做，賣方保留取銷合同的權利。四、SavingClause?在英文合同中SavingClause（除外條款，但書條款）通常有savethat句型和saveas句型，表示者例外”。彳列——：Subjecttoclause18.4,eachpartyshallbearitsowncostsarisingoutoforinconnectionwiththepreparation,negotiationandimplementationofthisAgreementsavethatifthisAgreementislawfullyrescindedbythePurchasertheVendorsshallpaytothePurchaseritsaccountancy,legalandothercostsandexpensesinrelationtotheinvestigationoftheCompanypriortothedatehereofandthepreparationandnegotiationofthisAgreement.在遵守第18.4條的條件下，每一方應各自承擔其準備、商議和實施本協(xié)議所產(chǎn)生的或者與之有關的費用，除非如本協(xié)議系買方依法解除，則賣方應向買方支付與本協(xié)議訂立前調(diào)查公司以及準備和商議本協(xié)議有關的會計、法律和其他花費和支出。例二：Saveasexpresslyprovidedherein,thisAgreementmaybeamendedorterminated,andanyofthetermshereofwaived,onlybyadocumentinwritingspecificallyreferringtothisAgreementandexecutedbythepartiesheretoor,inthecaseofawaiver,bythepartywaivingcompliance.除非本協(xié)議明確規(guī)定，本協(xié)議可做修改或者終止，本協(xié)議任一條款可拋卻，僅當通過書面文件特殊提及本協(xié)議并由本協(xié)議雙方執(zhí)行或者一方通過棄權聲明拋卻遵守。?.此外，也常見用provison表示限制條款或者但書。彳列——：5.6LegalProceedings;Injunctions,(a)TheSeller,theBuyerandtheCompanyshallusecommerciallyreasonableefforts(subjecttotheprovisioninSection5.6(b))tocooperatewitheachotherinconnectionwithanyclaim,action,suit,proceeding,inquiryorinvestigationwithanyotherpersonwhichrelatestotheexecutionanddeliveryofthisAgreementortheconsummationofthetransactionscontemplatedhereunder.法律訴訟；禁止令。(1)賣方、買方和本公司應竭盡全力(除本條第二款的但書規(guī)定外)互相配合處理涉及本合同履行與交付及本合同項下預期交易完成的與他方有關的索賠、訴訟、案件、訴訟程式、質(zhì)詢或者調(diào)查。例二：Tenantshallnotberequiredtojoininanyproceedingsreferredtointheprovisionattheendof4.6hereofunlesstheprovisionsofanylaw,ruleorregulationatthetimeineffectshallrequirethatsuchproceedingsbebroughtbyorinthenameofTenant,inwhicheventTenantshalljoinandcooperateinsuchproceedingsorpermitthesametobebroughtinitsname,butshallnotbeliableforthepaymentofanycostsorexpensesinconnectionwithanysuchproceedings,andLandlordshallreimburseTenantfor,andindemnifyandholdTenantharmlessfromandagainst,anyandallcostsorexpenseswhichTenantmayreasonablypay,sustainorincurinconnectionwithanysuchproceedings.承租人不得被應要求參加本合同第四條第六款最后但書/限制性條款提及的任何訴訟，除非當時生效的法律法規(guī)要求該訴訟應由承租人或者以承租人名義提起，此種情況下，承租人應參加配合該訴訟或者允許該訴訟以其名義提起，但概不承擔任何與該訴訟有關的任何費用和花費，業(yè)主應償還并保證賠償承租人合理支付的因該訴訟產(chǎn)生或者遭受的全部費用和花費且確保承租人免于以上責任。五、As句型參看本章第一節(jié)as的用法六、Uponsth.英文合同中表達“一經(jīng),就””的含義時，不用基礎英語中的assoonas,而用uponsth.表達。例如：Uponexpirationofsuchtermofcontract,thecontractshallautomaticallybecomevoidandnull.合同一經(jīng)屆滿則自動失效。七、Unlessotherwise和except(as)otherwise英文合同中表示“除非另有規(guī)定”時，往往用到這兩個句型。它們在句中的位置非常靈便，句首、句末或者句中都能看到它們的身影，后接stipulate,provide,require,state,specify等動詞或者其過去分詞。例一：OntheTransferDate,NewCompanyshalltransfertoB,freefromanylienorencumbrancecreatedbyNewCompanyandwithoutthepaymentofanycompensation,allitsright,titletoandinterestintheinfrastructureproject,unlessotherwisespecifiedintheAgreementoranysupplementaryagreement.新公司應在轉(zhuǎn)讓日向乙方轉(zhuǎn)讓其在基礎設施項目中的全部權利、所有權和權益，免于新公司創(chuàng)設的任何質(zhì)押或者財產(chǎn)擔保，除非本協(xié)議另有規(guī)定或者補充協(xié)議。例二：ThearbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingPartyexceptotherwiseawardedbytheArbitrationInstitute.仲裁費由敗訴方承擔，除非仲裁機構(gòu)另有裁決。例三：Exceptasotherwiseprovidedherein,allimportpermitsandlicensesandtheimportduties,customsfeesandalltaxesleviedbyanygovernmentauthorityotherthantheSeller?scountryshallbethesoleresponsibilityoftheBuyer.除非本協(xié)議另有規(guī)定，所有進口許可證照和政府機關(不是賣方國家)征收的進口關稅和所有稅費均應由買方獨自承擔責任。八、表示“竭力做某事”的句型Useallreasonableendeavors(efforts)todosth.,makefullendeavors(efforts)todosth.,exertone?seffort(s)todosth.,exertoneselftodosth.英文合同中表示“竭力做某事”時，往往用到這幾個句型，而不用基礎英語中tryone?sbesttodosth.等句型。例一：ExceptascontemplatedbythisAgreement,fromthedatehereofthroughtheClosingDate,MattelshallcauseeachTLCSubsidiarytousecommerciallyreasonableeffortstoconductitsbusinessintheordinarycourseinallmaterialrespects,andshallusecommerciallyreasonableendeavorstopreserveintactitsbusinessrelationships,keepavailabletheserviceofitsemployeesandmaintainsatisfactoryrelationshipswithitssuppliersandcustomers.除非本協(xié)議預期，從本協(xié)議日期到成交口，Mattel公司應促使TLC子公司竭盡全力在所有實質(zhì)方面按通常程式進行交易。并應竭力來保持其商業(yè)關系完整，可獲得其員工的服務并與供應商和客戶維持良好的關系。例二：However,bothpartiesshallmakeeffortstogettheratificationwithin60(sixty)days.然而，雙方應努力在60天內(nèi)獲得批準。例三：EachofQuotesmithandIISagreestoexertitscommerciallyreasonableeffortssothatIIScanbeginprovidinginstantquotesonQIMinasshortatimeasthecapabilitiesandtechnologiesofeachpartywillallow.Quotesmith和HS均允許盡其全力使得IIS在各方能力和技術許可的范圍內(nèi)盡快開始向QIM公司提供即時報價。例四：PromptlyfollowingtheEffectiveTime,theshareholdersofTuneswhoareemployedbyJAMtvorMergerSubshallexerttheirbesteffortstocauseallemployeesofTunesandMergerSubtoexecuteinfavorofMergerSubproprietaryrightsagreementssubstantiallysimilartoJAMtv?sexistingemployeeproprietaryrightsagreement.生效時間后，被JAMtv公司或者MergerSub公司所聘的Tunes公司股東應即將竭盡全力促使Tunes公司和MergerSub公司的所有員工執(zhí)行MergerSub公司控股權協(xié)議，該協(xié)議實質(zhì)上與JAMtv公司現(xiàn)有的員工控股權協(xié)議類似。第三節(jié)合同各部份常用例句與用詞(SampleWordingandSentencesinEachPart)英文合同由標題(Title)、前言(Preamble)、正文(Habendum)、附錄(Schedule)及證明部份即結(jié)尾詞(Attestation)五大部份構(gòu)成。標題部份由于比較簡單，在此就不多述，而附錄由于不是所有合同都具備，固定的句式用詞很少，現(xiàn)就前言(Preamble)和證明部份即結(jié)尾詞兩個方面介紹如下。.前言部份前言又分為合同方(Parties)和敘述(Recital)兩部份，合同方部份主要載明合同當事人的名稱或者者姓名、國籍、主營業(yè)所在地或者住所地以及合同簽訂的日期等內(nèi)容，通常有兩種句型：一種是完整的句子,以ThisContractismadeon,20,byandbetweenABCCompanyLtd.（hereinaftercalledPartyA）andXYZCompanyLtd.（hereinaftercalledPartyB）為代表。另一種則是由名詞主語加動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成的短語，如Agreementmadethisdayof,between(hereinaftercalled“Licensor"),and(hereinaftercalled“Licensee”)。其中，made后常用entered/concludedinto等并列，this后直接接日期，或者用on,后接方式較為靈便，但接日期更為正式。而表達合同各方時還成對浮現(xiàn)of/asonepart(y),of/astheotherpart(y),或者是of/asonehand,of/astheotherhando表示"以下簡稱"時通常用hereinaftercalled或者是hereinafterreferredtoas,甚至有直接把簡稱寫到括弧里的情形。合同方'(Parties)的句式范例：彳列ThisContractmadeonApril1,19,at,China,betweenABCCo.withitsprincipalofficeat,China(hereinaftercalledPartyA),andXYZCo.withitsprincipalofficeat,USA(hereinaftercalledPartyB).本合同于19年4月1日于中國簽訂，合同雙方為ABC公司(以下簡稱甲方)，其主營業(yè)地位于中國，和XYZ公司(以下簡稱乙方)，其主營業(yè)地為美國。例二：Thiscontractissignedonthis(date)of(year)in(place)byandbetween(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB).本合同由公司(以下簡稱甲方)與公司(以下簡稱乙方)于年月日于地簽訂。例三：AAACorporation,Beijing,China（hereinafterreferredtoastheBuyer）asonepartyand（hereinafterreferredtoastheSeller）astheotherpartyagreetoauthorizetheirrepresentativestosignthepresentContractunderthefollowingtermsandconditions...合同一方中國北京AAA公司（以下簡稱買方）和合同另一方公司（以下簡稱賣方）允許授權各自代表簽署現(xiàn)有合同，條款如下例四：ThiscontractismadebyandbetweentheSellersandtheBuyers;WherebytheSellersagreetosellandtheBuyersagreetobuytheundermentionedgoodsaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelowandoverleaf...本合同由買賣雙方簽訂,憑此合同,賣方同意出售、買方允許購買根據(jù)下文和背面規(guī)定條款的如下貨物好前言的敘述（Recital）部份，往往由whereas引導的句子（鑒于條款）后，再接nowtherefore...（最為常見）等結(jié)構(gòu)。例一：Nowtherefore,inconsideration