譯林版英語選修七新素養(yǎng)學案Unit2FitforlifeSectionⅠWeletotheunitReading-WarmingUpWord版含答案

我們都想有一個健康的生活方式，但是日常生活中的一些小細節(jié)卻使我們的生活變得不那么健康了。Isyourlifestylehealthy?Theremaybemanylittleandmonhabitsthatcanendangeryourdailylife.Doyouhavethefollowingunhealthylifehabits?LyingWhetheryou’repraisingyourbestfriend’sunflattering(有損形象的，不敢恭維的)hairstyleor“improving”onthecostofyournewdesignershoes,youtellsmallliesfromtimetotime.However,accordingtoresearch,thoselittlewhiteliescouldbemoreharmfulthanyouthink.Lyingcanproducefeelingsofstresswhicharedamagingyourhealth，andastudybyresearchersattheUniversityofNotreDamefoundthatwhenpeoplereducedtheamountofliestheytold,theysufferedfromlessheadaches，sorethroatsandanxiety.EatingatyourdeskIfyou’rehavingabusydayinwork,itcanbetemptingtoskip(跳過，不做)yourlunchbreakandeatatyourdesk.However，missingoutonbreaksisnotonlybadforyourstresslevels,eatingwhendistracted(分心)mayalsomeanyouaremorelikelytoovereat.Furthermore，spendingyourlunchhouratyourdeskcanlengthenthetimeyouarephysicallyinactiveandalsoexposeyoutoharmfulbacteria.AccordingtoastudybytheUniversityofArizona,yourworkstationcontainsnearly400timesmoregermsthantheaveragetoiletseat，makingitalessthanidealplacefordining.UsingcashmachinesWithdrawingmoneyfromATMmachinesisamonhabitformostofus.However,cleanlinesstestsinBritainhaverevealedthatcashmachinesarejustasdirtyaspublictoilets，andmanyofusarefailingtowashourhandsafterusingthem.Expertsassessedswabs(藥棉棒)fromthekeypadsoncashmachinesandalsofromnearbypublictoiletsandfoundthattheybothcontainedthesametypesofbacteriaknowntocausesickness.Tolookafteryourhealth,useanantibacterial(抗菌的)handsolutiononceyouhavemadeyourwithdrawal(取款)andafterhandlingmoney.SectionⅠWeletotheunit&Reading—WarmingUpeq\a\vs4\al([基礎詞匯])1．surgeonn． 外科醫(yī)師2．chewvi.&vt. 咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃3．vitaladj. 對……極重要的，必不可少的4．potentialn. 可能性，潛在性；潛力，潛能adj. 潛在的，可能的5．massadj. 大規(guī)模的；數(shù)量極多的n. 一團，一堆；許多；(物理)質(zhì)量6．sicknessn. 疾?。粣盒?，嘔吐7．symptomn. 癥狀；征兆eq\a\vs4\al([拓展詞匯])8．revolutionn．巨變，大變革；革命；旋轉，天體運行→revolutionaryadj.革命的n.革命者9．countern．柜臺；計數(shù)器；反駁vt.反駁；抵制，抵消→countv．計算；視為；依賴；重要n.計數(shù)；總數(shù)10．beneficialadj.有益的，有用的→benefitn．利益；津貼；保險金vt.有益于11．possessvt.擁有，具有→possessionn．擁有；財產(chǎn)；所有12．circulatevi.&vt.循環(huán)；傳播，散布；傳遞，傳閱→circulationn.循環(huán)；傳播13．a(chǎn)bnormaladj.不正常的，反常的→normaladj.(反義詞)正常的14．a(chǎn)stonishvt.使十分驚訝，使吃驚→astonishedadj.吃驚的→astonishingadj.令人吃驚的→astonishmentn．驚訝；令人驚訝的事物15．a(chǎn)pplicationn．應用，運用；申請，申請表；涂抹，外敷→applyvt.申請；涂；應用16．unableadj.不能，無法→ableadj.(反義詞)能，能夠17．effectiveadj.有效的；實際的，事實上的；生效的→effectn.影響，效果18．a(chǎn)pprovaln．批準，通過；贊成，同意→approvev．批準，通過；贊成，同意19．a(chǎn)cceleratevt.&vi.(使)加速，加快→accelerationn．加速，加快20．bleedvi.流血，失血→bleedingadj.出血的；悲痛的n.流血1．focuson 集中于2．openup 打開；開拓3．intheformof 以……形式4．carryout 執(zhí)行，實施5．tryout 測試，試驗；參加選拔6．inlargequantities 大量地7．pickout 挑選出8．byaccident 偶然地1．if省略句Haveyoueverseenadoctor?Ifso,whathappened?你曾經(jīng)看過醫(yī)生嗎？如果看過的話，發(fā)生了什么事情？2．強調(diào)句型Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedaspirinfromthischemical.1897年一個叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的歐洲藥劑師用這種化學物質(zhì)制成了阿司匹林。3．部分倒裝Notonlyhasaspirinprovedvitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,buttherearealsootherthingsthataspirincanhelpwith.阿司匹林不僅被證明對于退燒、止痛必不可少，而且還有其他用途。4．that引導的同位語從句LawrenceCraven,adoctorfromtheUSA,introducedtheideain1953thataspirinhadthepotentialtoreducetheriskofheartattacks,becauseithelpedthebloodcirculatebetter.美國醫(yī)生勞倫斯·克雷文在1953年提出一個觀點，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心臟病發(fā)作的風險，因為它能改善血液循環(huán)。5．不定式短語作真正的主語Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.令他十分驚訝的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這種霉周圍的細菌都死了，這意味著這種霉殺死了它們。6．虛擬語氣Ifpenicillinhadnotbeenavailable,manypeoplewouldhavediedfromsicknessorevensmallwounds.如果沒有青霉素，很多人會死于疾病，甚至是很小的傷口。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Scanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whenwasaspirinfirstsoldasatablet?________________________________________________________________________答案：In1900.2．WhatdidFleming,FloreyandChainshare?________________________________________________________________________答案：TheNobelPrize.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Famousdoctors.B．Howpenicillinandaspirinwereinvented.C．Aspirinandpenicillin.D．Howtokeephealthy.2．Whichofthefollowingisconsideredtobethetimewhenaspirinwasinvented?A．3，500yearsago. B．2，500yearsago.C．1897. D．1899.3．WhichofthefollowingcanNOTaspirinbeusedfor?A．Keepingquiet. B．Painkilling.C．Curingdiabetes. D．Reducingheartattacks.4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Penicillincankeeppeoplehealthybythinningtheirblood.B．Aspirincansavelivesbykillingbacteria.C．Aspirinwasdiscoveredbyaccident.D．Penicillinwasdiscoveredbychance.答案：1－4.CCADeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Readthetextcarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whatotherthingscanaspirinhelpwithbesidesreducingfeverandpain?________________________________________________________________________答案：Itcanalsohelpreducetheriskofheartattacksbythinningblood,preventastroke,reducetheriskofsomecancers,increasethelengthofpeople'slivesandhelpwithdiabetes.2．WheredidAlexanderFlemingfindpenicillin?________________________________________________________________________答案：Inthemouldthatkilledbacteria.3．Whatillnesscanpenicillinbeusedtotreat?________________________________________________________________________答案：Itcanbeusedtotreatillnessescausedbybacteria.4．WhywereFleming,FloreyandChaingiventheNobelPrizeinMedicinein1945?________________________________________________________________________答案：BecauseFlemingdiscoveredpenicillinandtheothersturneditintothegreatdrugwhichsavedmillionsoflives.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedaspirinfromthischemical.eq\a\vs4\al()這是一個強調(diào)句。強調(diào)時間狀語in1897；calledDrFelixHoffmann是過去分詞短語作____________。[嘗試翻譯]_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：定語；1897年一個叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的歐洲藥劑師用這種化學物質(zhì)制成了阿司匹林。2．Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.eq\a\vs4\al()這是一個主從復合句。主句是Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead；It是____________，不定式短語作真正的主語；surroundingthemoulddead是分詞短語作補語；whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem是____________從句；其中thatthemouldhadkilledthem是that引導的賓語從句。[嘗試翻譯]令他十分驚訝的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這種霉__________________，這意味著__________________。答案：形式主語；非限制性定語；周圍的細菌都死了；這種霉殺死了它們Twolife-saving①medicinesThisarticlewillfocuson②twodrugsthatstartedrevolutions③inmedicine④.Ifyouopenup⑤anymedicinecupboard⑥orgotoanymedicinecounter⑦intheworld,itislikelythat⑧youwillfindaspirin⑨andpenicillin⑩.Bothofthesemedicineshavesavedmillionsofpeople’slives?andhaveprovedbeneficial?tomankindsincetheywereinvented.AspirinAspirinwasinventedin1897.However,thebasicchemicalusedtomakeaspirin?canbefoundinnature.Nearly3，500yearsago,peoplechewed?onleavesordrankakindofteamadefromleaves?possessing?aspecialchemical?toreducebodypainsandfever.About2，500yearsago,theGreek?physician?Hippocrates,fatherofalldoctors,madeajuicefromatreebarkcontainingsalicylicacid?forthesameeffect.Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedaspirinfromthischemical.Thefirsttrialsofthismedicinetookplacein1899,whenthepanyHoffmannworkedforbegandistributingthemedicineinpowderformtophysicianstousewithpatients.Ayearlater,in1900,aspirinwassoldinshopsintheformoftablets.Withinashorttime,aspirinbecamethebest-sellingmedicineintheworldforpainrelief.①life-saving['laIfseIvI?]adj.救命的，救生的②focuson/upon集中(注意力、精力)于③revolution[?rev?'lu??n]n.巨變，大變革；革命；旋轉，天體運行④that引導定語從句，修飾twodrugs。⑤openup打開⑥cupboard['k?b?d]n.櫥柜；食物柜；衣柜⑦counter['ka?nt?(r)]n.柜臺；計數(shù)器；反駁vt.反駁；抵制，抵消⑧itislikelythat可能……⑨aspirin['?sprIn]n.阿司匹林⑩penicillin[?penI'sIlIn]n.盤尼西林，青霉素?saveone’slife救某人的命?beneficial[?benI'fI?l]adj.有益的，有用的bebeneficialto對……有用?過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾chemical。?chew[t?u?]vi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃?過去分詞短語作tea的后置定語。?possess[p?'zes]vt.擁有，具有?現(xiàn)在分詞短語作leaves的后置定語。?Greekn．希臘人adj.希臘的；希臘語的?physiciann．醫(yī)師；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師surgeonn．外科醫(yī)生?salicylicacid[?s?lI?sIlIk'?sId]n.水楊酸acid['?sId]n.酸，酸性物質(zhì)adj.酸的，酸性的；酸味的；尖酸的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作atreebark的后置定語。Itwas...that...是強調(diào)句型，在此強調(diào)時間狀語in1897。trial試驗，試用takeplace發(fā)生(無被動語態(tài))in...form/intheformof...以……形式tablet['t?bl?t]n.藥片；丸best-selling[?best'selI?]adj.暢銷的eq\a\vs4\al()兩種挽救生命的藥物這篇文章將著重講述兩種在醫(yī)學上引起巨變的藥物。倘若你打開世界上的任何一個藥柜，或者走到任何一個賣藥的柜臺，都可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。自這兩種藥被發(fā)明以來，它們已經(jīng)挽救了數(shù)百萬人的性命，并已證實對人類有益。阿司匹林阿司匹林發(fā)明于1897年。但是，用于制造阿司匹林的基本化學物質(zhì)卻可在自然界中找到。將近3500年前，人們咀嚼一種含有特殊化學物質(zhì)的樹葉或飲用由這種樹葉制成的茶，以減輕身體疼痛和退燒。大約2500年前，醫(yī)生之父——古希臘醫(yī)師希波克拉底就用一種樹皮制成汁，這種汁含有水楊酸，也有同樣的功效。1897年一個叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的歐洲藥劑師用這種化學物質(zhì)制成了阿司匹林。對該藥進行的首批試驗發(fā)生在1899年。當時，霍夫曼供職的公司開始將這種藥以粉末形式分發(fā)給醫(yī)師，在病人身上使用。一年之后，即1900年，阿司匹林被制成藥片在藥店出售。很快，阿司匹林成了世界上最暢銷的止痛藥。Notonlyhasaspirinprovedvitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,buttherearealsootherthingsthataspirincanhelpwith.LawrenceCraven,adoctorfromtheUSA,introducedtheideain1953thataspirinhadthepo-tentialtoreducetheriskofheartattacks,becauseithelpedthebloodcirculatebetter.Thereportwasignored.However,in1971,SmithandWillisfromtheUKprovedthataspirincouldhavethateffect,andin1977astudycar-riedoutintheUSAshowedthataspirincouldpreventstrokes,aswell.Elevenyearslater,DrThunfromtheUSAshowedthataspirincouldreducetheriskofsomecancersby40percent.In1999,aspirinwasover100yearsold,andyettherehavebeenmorediscoveriesabouthowitcanhelpincreasethelengthofpeople’slives.In2003,aChinesedoctor,DrYuanMinsheng,foundthataspirincouldreducebloodsugarlevelsand,therefore,helppeoplewithdiabetes.vital['vaItl]adj.對……極重要的，必不可少的Itisvitalthat...(should)do...從句用虛擬語氣。notonly...butalso...連接并列分句，notonly...位于句首時，該分句用部分倒裝結構。that引導定語從句，修飾otherthings。that引導同位語從句。potential[p?'ten?l]n.可能性，潛在性；潛能，潛力adj.潛在的，可能的havethepotentialtodosth.有做某事的可能heartattackn．心臟病發(fā)作circulate['s??kj?leIt]vi.&vt.循環(huán)；傳播過去分詞短語作astudy的后置定語。stroke[str??k]n.中風，腦溢血；(打、擊等)一下vt.輕撫，撫摸表示增加或減少的百分比時要用介詞by;表示增加或減少到多少的時候，要用介詞to。how引導賓語從句，作介詞about的賓語。bloodsugarn．血糖diabetes[?daI?'bi?ti?z]n.糖尿病eq\a\vs4\al()阿司匹林不僅被證明對于退燒、止痛必不可少，而且還有其他用途。美國醫(yī)生勞倫斯·克雷文在1953年提出一個觀點，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心臟病發(fā)作的風險，因為它能改善血液循環(huán)。該報告并未引起人們的注意。但是，1971年，英國醫(yī)生史密斯和威利斯證實阿司匹林的確有此功效。1977年，美國的一項研究表明，阿司匹林還能預防中風。11年后，美國醫(yī)生圖恩證明，阿司匹林可以使某些癌癥的發(fā)病率降低40%。到1999年，阿司匹林已有一百多年的歷史，但是在它如何能夠幫助延年益壽方面仍然有更多的發(fā)現(xiàn)。2003年，中國醫(yī)生袁敏生發(fā)現(xiàn)，阿司匹林可以降低血糖水平，從而幫助糖尿病患者。PenicillinAnotherdrugthathashelpedincreasethestandardofpeople’shealthispenicillin,whichisconsideredbymanytobeoneofthemostimportantmedicinesincontemporarysociety.ItwasdiscoveredbyaScottishscientistnamedAlexanderFlemingin1928.Henotedthatadishinwhichhewastryingtogrowbacteriaforanexperimentlookedabnormal—therewasbluemouldinit.Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.Flemingtriedthismouldoutonanotherbacteriumandfoundthatitkilledthebacteriumtoo.Heimmediatelyrealizedthatthemouldmighthaveanapplicationintreatingillnessescausedbybacteria.Henamedtheliquidmadefromthemould‘penicillin’.However,thedevelopmentofpenicillinasadrugfacedtwoproblems.First,hewasunabletofindaproceduretomakepenicillinpureenoughtoworkasamedicine.Second,itwasdifficulttoproducepenicillinintheamplequantitiesneededtobeeffective.In1940,twootherscientists,HowardFlorey(Australian)andErnstChain(German-bornEnglish),helpedsolvetheseproblems,andmanagedtomakeandtestthenewdruginlargequantities.SincethenewdrugwasneededforWorldWarⅡ,thegovernmentapprovalprocessforpenicillinwasaccelerated,andmassproductionbeganin1944.Duetothewidespreaduseofpenicillin,manylivesweresavedduringthewar.Ifpenicillinhadnotbeenavailable,manypeoplewouldhavediedfromsicknessorevensmallwounds.Penicillinbecamethegreatestdrugofthe20thcentury,savingmillionsoflives.In1945,thethreescientists,Fleming,FloreyandChain,sharedtheNobelPrizeinMedicinefortheirwork.that引導定語從句，修飾drug。contemporaryadj.當代的which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾penicillin。abnormal[?b'n??ml]adj.不正常的，反常的(ab-為否定前綴)inwhich引導定語從句，修飾adish，此時相當于關系副詞where。mould[m??ld]n.霉，霉菌astonish[?'st?nI?]vt.使十分驚訝，使吃驚tryout測試，試驗；參加選拔try...outon在……上試驗某物application[??plI'keI?n]n.應用，運用；申請，申請表；涂抹haveanapplicationindoingsth.在做某事方面有用途unable[?n'eIbl]adj.不能，無法beunabletodo不能做workas充當，擔當inquantity大量effective[I'fektIv]adj.有效的；實際的，事實上的；生效的managetodo設法做成since引導原因狀語從句。approval[?'pru?vl]n.批準，通過；贊成，同意accelerate[?k'sel?reIt]vt.&vi.(使)加速，加快mass[m?s]adj.大規(guī)模的n．一團，一堆；許多；(物理)質(zhì)量massproductionn．批量生產(chǎn)dueto由于(在此處作狀語)diefrom死于(外因)dieof死于(內(nèi)因)sickness['sIkn?s]n.疾??；惡心，嘔吐與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣句，從句謂語用haddone，主句謂語用would/could/might/shouldhavedone。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語。theNobelPrizeinMedicine諾貝爾醫(yī)學獎theNobelPrizeinLiterature諾貝爾文學獎eq\a\vs4\al()青霉素另外一種幫助人們提高健康水平的藥物是青霉素。許多人認為這種藥是當代社會最重要的藥物之一。它是由一名叫亞歷山大·弗萊明的蘇格蘭科學家于1928年發(fā)現(xiàn)的。為了做實驗，他試圖在一個碟子中培育細菌，他注意到這個碟子看起來有些異常——它里面有藍色的霉。令他十分驚訝的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)這種霉周圍的細菌都死了，這意味著這種霉殺死了它們。弗萊明將這種霉用在另外一種細菌上做試驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)它同樣殺死了那種細菌。他立刻意識到這種霉或許能用于治療由細菌引起的疾病。他將由這種霉制成的液體命名為“青霉素”。然而，青霉素的藥物研發(fā)面臨兩個難題。首先，他難以找到一種方法來提純藥用的青霉素。其次，有效所需的青霉素也難以足量生產(chǎn)。在1940年，另外兩位科學家霍華德·弗洛里(澳大利亞人)和恩斯特·錢恩(在德國出生的英國人)幫助解決了這些問題，成功地大量制造和測試這種新藥物。由于這種新藥為第二次世界大戰(zhàn)所需，政府審批青霉素的流程得以加快，并且于1944年大批量生產(chǎn)。正因為青霉素的廣泛應用，戰(zhàn)爭期間的很多生命得以挽救。如果沒有青霉素，很多人會死于疾病，甚至是很小的傷口。青霉素挽救了無數(shù)人的性命。成為20世紀最了不起的藥物。由于他們的工作成果，這三名科學家，弗萊明、弗洛里和錢恩于1945年共同獲得了諾貝爾醫(yī)學獎。A卷[學生用書P101(單獨成冊)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解AGrowingupinmyhouseholdmeantoftenhearinglivemusic.WhenIwassixyearsold,ItookatraditionalIrishstepdanceclassIfellinloveandstuckwithitforthenextsevenyears.DuringthattimemyfatheralsobecamemoreinvolvedintheIrishmusicworld,sohewouldplay,andIwoulddance.Myethnicheritage(族裔歸屬)isGermanandIrish,butbecauseIwassurroundedbytraditionalIrishmusicanddanceinmyhome,IhavegrowntobemoreinterestedinandconnectedtomyIrishheritage.WhenIstartedinterning(實習)fortheFolklifeFestival,IbecameinterestedintraditionalBasquemusicanddanceandIlearnedthattheirexperiencewithdanceisverysimilartomyown.Therearesofarover170Basqueorganizationsin24countries,withagreaterpopulationofBasquesoutsideoftheBasquecountrythaninit.Theseparationtheyexperiencefromtheirhomelandisbothphysicalandpsychological,sobeingpartofagroupwiththesameinterestsisanimportantsocialsupportsystem.TheseorganizationscontributetothecontinuationofBasqueculture,language,andmunity,andencouragefuturegenerationstolearnabouttheirethnicheritage.Oneofthewaystheyachievethisisthroughdance.WhilelearningandperformingBasquedances,theyconnecttotheirheritage,experienceapartoftheirhomeland,preserveBasqueculture,andcreateconnectionsandfriendshipsthatlastalifetime.CalifornianValerieArrecheabeganteachingalongsideherfatherattheageofthirteenandonherownatsixteen.Forher,danceisherpreferredexpressionofheritage;itprovidesawaytobeproudofherBasqueheritage.ThedanceperformancesofNorthAmericanBasqueorganizationshavedevelopedtheinterestofnon-BasqueAmericansaswell.JanetIribarnefromtheBasqueDancersexplainedthattheirorganizationisopentoanyone,andafterseeinghergroupperform,severalofhernon-BasquefriendshavedevelopedtheirownloveofBasquetraditionsaswell.【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在一次實習中接觸到了巴斯克傳統(tǒng)音樂和舞蹈并了解到：它們不僅帶給巴斯克裔美國人民族認同感，由此建立的友誼也使他們終生難忘。1．Whatisthereasonfortheauthor’spreferenceforIrishdance?A．Herdanceteacher.B．HerloveofIrishmusic.C．Herinterningexperience.D．Herfamily’sstrongrootindance.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的becauseIwassurroundedby...tomyIrishheritage可知，作者喜歡愛爾蘭舞蹈是源于家庭氛圍的熏陶。2．WhatdoweknowaboutBasquepeople?A．Mostofthemliveabroad.B．Theircultureisbeinglost.C．Theyliveinpoorconditions.D．Theirpopulationisincreasing.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的withagreaterpopulationofBasquesoutsideoftheBasquecountrythaninit可知，大多數(shù)巴斯克人生活在國外。3．WhatisthepurposeofBasqueorganizations?A．TohelpBasquesinneed.B．TopreserveBasqueculture.C．ToprovidemedicaltreatmentforBasques.D．TosupportoverseasBasquechildrenforeducation.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的TheseorganizationscontributetothecontinuationofBasqueculture,language,andmunity,andencouragefuturegenerationstolearnabouttheirethnicheritage.可知，這些巴斯克組織旨在保護、傳承傳統(tǒng)文化。4．What’snon-BasqueAmericans’attitudetowardsBasquedance?A．Theyshownointerestinit.B．Theyfinditdifficulttolearn.C．Theyareenthusiasticaboutit.D．Theyareconcernedaboutitsfuture.C解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)末段中的ThedanceperformancesofNorthAmericanBasqueorganizationshavedevelopedtheinterestofnon-BasqueAmericansaswell.可知，其他美國人對巴斯克舞蹈很感興趣。BRecently,apaintingofactressElizabethTaylor,whichwasdrawnbyAmericanartistandfilmmakerAndyWarhol,soldforU．S.D|S63million.Anothersimpleblack-and-whiteimageofaCoca-ColabottlesoldforU．S.D|S35million.Buttheall-timerecordforaWarholpaintingisD|S100millionforapiecetitledEightElvises.What’samazingisnotthatthepiecessoldforsomuch,butthefactthattheyarenotwhatyouwouldcalltraditionalart.Theyare“popart”，basedonsimpleimagesofthingsandpeoplefromadvertising,movies,musicandday-to-daylife.Borninthe1920s,Warholgrewupmostlyseparatedfromotherchildrendueto(由于)healthproblems.Hespentalotofhistimealonedrawingandthenwentontostudyartincollege.Hebeganhiscareerasamercial(商業(yè)的)artist,creatingpicturesformagazinearticlesandnewspaperads.ThatinspiredhimtoexperimentwithpopartandhehostedAmerica’sfirstpopartexhibitioninthe1960s.Theshowmetwithalotofdiscussionwithsomepeoplesayingthatwhathewasdoingwasnotart.Warholfollowedhisfirstworkswithaseriesweareallfamiliarwith—paintingsofCoca-Colabottles,Brillosoappadboxes,andportraits(肖像)offamouspeople.Soonafter,Warholstoppedcreatinghisownartwork.Instead,hehadassistantsandotherartistscreatethemathisstudiocalled“TheFactory”.Warholwantedtoshowtheworldthatartdoesn’thavetobeplexororiginal;itcanbecreatedbyanyoneusingordinarythings.Today,Warhol’sworkisunmistakableinitsuniqueness.Nomatterhowyoumayfeelabouthiswork,onethingcannotbeargued.Heintroducedtheworldtoawholenewartform,inspiringfuturegenerationsofartists,andeventuallybeingoneofthemostfamousandsuccessfulpopartartistsintheworld.【解題導語】本文主要講了一位藝術家AndyWarhol，他創(chuàng)造了流行藝術，并且他舉辦了第一個流行藝術展。他想告訴人們，藝術沒有必要很復雜，很創(chuàng)新，它可以由任何人用普通的東西創(chuàng)造出來。5．Duringhischildhood,Warhol________．A．drewpicturesformagazinesB．a(chǎn)lwayslivedalonelylifeC．showednointerestinartD．likedtopaintanddanceB解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Borninthe1920s,Warholgrewupmostlyseparatedfromotherchildrendueto(由于)healthproblems.Hespentalotofhistimealonedrawingandthenwentontostudyartincollege.”可知，因為身體原因，他只能獨自待著，不能與其他人接觸，所以他童年很孤獨。所以選B。6．Callinghisstudio“TheFactory”，Warholtriedtoshow________．A．hisstudiowasasbigasafactoryB．popartisdifferentfromtraditionalartC．a(chǎn)rtistsprefertoworkinafactoryD．a(chǎn)rtshouldbesimpleandeasytoproduceD解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Warholwantedtoshowtheworldthatartdoesn’thavetobeplexororiginal;itcanbecreatedbyanyoneusingordinarythings.”可知，他取名工廠，是想告訴人們藝術也可以很簡單、很容易被創(chuàng)作出來。所以選D。7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AndyWarhol’sWorldofPopArtB．WomeninthePopArtMovementC．AFunPop-artSelf-portraitforKidsD．PopularPaintingsbyAndyWarholA解析：標題歸納題。這篇文章主要講了AndyWarhol創(chuàng)造的流行藝術。所以選A。CPetrolanddieselcarsmaystilldominateourroads，buttheirdaysarenumbered.Arecentuniversitystudyfoundthatcurrentelectriccarscouldbeusedfor87percentofdailycarjourneysintheU．S.Thatfigurecouldriseto98percentby2020.Onehurdletothewidespreadadoptionofelectriccarshasbeen“rangeanxiety”—drivers’concernsaboutrunningoutofjuiceonajourney.Whilepetrolstationsareconvenientlylocatedacrossnationalroadsystems，thenecessarynetworkofelectricchargingstationsisstillbeingdeveloped.Thatsaid，chargingpointsarebeingincreasinglymonthroughouttheU．S.A.Attitudestowardselectricvehicleshavechangedquiteconsiderablyoverthelastfewyears.Notthatlongago，electriccarsweremetwithdistrust，andtheirlargepricetagsdrovecustomersaway.Thankstoimprovementsinbatterycapacity，rechargingtimes，performanceandprice，thecurrentgenerationofelectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.Plug-incarswillsoongiveinternalbustionenginemodelsarunfortheirmoney.Aswellasadvancementsontheroad，electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseasandskies.Electricboatsareamongtheoldestmethodsofelectrictravel，havingenjoyedseveraldecadesofpopularityfromthelate19thtotheearly20thcenturybeforepetrol-poweredoutboardmotorstookover.Now，theglobaldriveforrenewableenergysourcesisbringingelectricboatsback.Stepstowardselectricairtravelarealsobeingmade，withAirbusandNASAamongtheorganizationsdevelopingandtestingbatterypoweredplanes.Theexperimentscouldsoonmakemercialelectricflightareality.Electricvehiclesdonotproduceanyemissions.WeretheU．S.toactonthestudy’sfindingsandreplace87percentofitscarswithelectricvehicles，itwouldreducethenationaldemandforpetrolby61percent.However，becauseoftheproductionprocessesandthegenerationofelectricityrequiredtochargethesevehicles，theycannotclaimtobepletelyemission-free.Thatsaid，asmanycountriescontinuetoincreasetheiruseofrenewableenergysources，electricvehicleswillbeeevencleaner.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了汽油和柴油車將逐步被電動汽車代替以及電動交通工具在未來的發(fā)展。8．Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．MyDreamCarB．HistoryofElectricCarsC．ProblemswithPetrolCarsD．DrivingintotheFutureD解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了汽油和柴油車將逐步被電動汽車代替以及電動交通工具在未來的發(fā)展。D項“駛向未來”形象地概括了文章的主旨，故選D項。9．AsusedinParagraph2，theunderlinedword“hurdle”means“________”．A．a(chǎn)im B．barrierC．consequence D．stepB解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“drivers’concernsaboutrunningoutofjuiceonajourney”可知，司機擔心在路上沒電的問題。因此，這是電動汽車普及的一個障礙，故選B項。10．Inthepast，whydidmanypeoplerefusetobuytheelectriccars?A．Theywerenotgoodvalue.B．Theywereverypoorlymade.C．Theywerenotwidelypromoted.D．Theycouldn’ttravelatahighspeed.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Notthatlongago，electriccarsweremetwithdistrust，andtheirlargepricetagsdrovecustomersaway.”可知，人們是被當時這種電動汽車的價格嚇跑的；根據(jù)該段中的“Thankstoimprovementsinbatterycapacity，rechargingtimes，performanceandprice，thecurrentgenerationofelectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.”可知，隨著電池容量、可充電次數(shù)的增加、汽車性能的改善和價格的優(yōu)化，這一代電動汽車已經(jīng)開始吸引消費者購買了。這說明以前的電動汽車在各方面還不夠完善，人們認為不值那個價錢。故選A項。11．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph4?A．Tointroducethehistoryofelectrictravel.B．Toexplainwhytheworldneedsmoreelectriccars.C．Toshowwhymorepeoplehaveinterestinelectriccars.D．Todescribedifferentwayselectricvehiclescanbeused.D解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的“electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseasandskies”可知，除了在公路上，其他地方也可以使用電動交通工具。故選D項。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七選五Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld’sgreatestinventions.Itwas，forexample，thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpapermoneyandcoins，peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.1.________Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.2．________In1，200B．C.，peopleinChinabegantouseshells(貝殼)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowedfortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.Intheyearswhichfollowedthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.3.________Thenextdevelopmentwasin1，000B．C.，whenChinastartedmakingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn’tlongbeforetheChinesemaderouBy500B．C.，metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanEmpire.About1，000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806A．D.，thefirstpaperbanknoteswerA．Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.B．However，aseconomiesdeveloped，suchexchangesbecameimpractical.C．ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.D．Theyalsousedtinyshellsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.E．Astimewentby，tradebetweencountriesincreased.F．Duringthattime，forexample，buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes.G．Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要按照時間順序講述了中國和世界上其他國家貨幣發(fā)展的歷史。1．F解析：根據(jù)空前的“peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling”及空后的“Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.”可知，此處主要講的是“物物交換”，F(xiàn)項中的“buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes”是“物物交換”的一個例子，符合上下文文意，故選F項。2．B解析：本文第一段講的是“物物交換”；根據(jù)空后的“In1，200B．C.peopleinChinabegantouseshells(貝殼)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywereverysmall.”可知，第二段講的是“貝殼作為貨幣使用”，故此空的作用是承上啟下。B項中的“suchexchanges”與第一段最后一句中的“Thisexchange”相呼應，且B項中的“However”以及“impractical”表明“物物交換”有局限性，所以出現(xiàn)了更加方便攜帶的貝殼貨幣，符合上下文文意，故選B項。3．D解析：根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容及空前的“manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame”可知，許多其他國家也開始這樣做了。“todothesame”指的就是“也開始用貝殼作為買賣的貨幣”，故D項“他們也使用小貝殼作為貨幣進行買賣”符合上下文文意，故選D項。4．G解析：根據(jù)空前的“Itwasn’tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.”可知，中國出現(xiàn)了金屬制成的圓形錢幣；根據(jù)空后的“By500B．C.metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanEmpire.”可知，到公元前500年這種金屬錢幣開始在其他國家出現(xiàn)。故空處應是解釋這種金屬錢幣在其他國家出現(xiàn)的原因。故選G項“這種首次出現(xiàn)的錢幣上通常有孔以便人們把它們串起來”。5．C解析：根據(jù)空前的“thefirstpaperbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople”可知，此處講到了紙幣首先由中國人創(chuàng)造，故C項“很多年后紙幣才出現(xiàn)在歐洲”與此處銜接緊密，故選C項。B卷[學生用書P103(單獨成冊)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解(2019·成都高二月考)Flauberthaditthat“onewayoftoleratingexistenceistoloseoneselfinliteratureasinanunendingparty”.Itturnsoutthatreadingdoesn’tonlyhelpustotolerateexistence,butactuallylengthensit.Arecentstudy