12級(jí)漢譯英翻譯學(xué)生

...wd......wd......wd...OnChinese-EnglishTranslationClass______________Name_______________ContentsChapterI:TranslationofWordsUnit1:DefinitionofdenotationandconnotationUnit2:Identificationof"falsefriend"Unit3:TranslationofIdiomsChapterII:WordsTranslationandContextChapterIII:TranslationofSentencesUnit1:DeterminationofsubjectandpredicateUnit2:TranslationofnegativesentenceChapterVI:TranslationofParagraphsUnitOne:CohesionandcoherenceUnitTwo:FunctionandmeaningChapterV:TranslationofTextUnit1:TranslationofLiteraryTextUnit2:TranslationofEnglishforScienceandTechnologyUnit3:TranslationofNewsTextUnit4:TranslationofTourismTextChapterVI:TranslationofcolorwordsChapterVII:TranslationofonomatopoeicWordsChapterVIII:Translationofnumeralwords翻譯研究詞語(yǔ)英譯表情功能expressivefunction詞類轉(zhuǎn)換conversionofwordclasses詞義空缺semanticzero詞義相符semanticcorrespondence詞義相異semanticnon-correspondence詞語(yǔ)層面wordlevel達(dá)expressiveness段落層面paragraphlevel對(duì)應(yīng)correspondence翻譯，筆譯translation翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)translationcriteria/standards翻譯策略translationstrategy翻譯腔translationese翻譯學(xué)translatology/translationstudies翻譯原則principlesoftranslation分析性analytic符際翻譯intersemiotictranslation慣用法意識(shí)senseofgoodusage歸化domestication/adaptation含義implicature/impliedmeaning呼喚功能vocativefunction化境sublimation話語(yǔ)discourse回指anaphoric加注法annotation減省法omission句法syntax句子層面sentencelevel科技文本textofscienceandtechnology可讀性readability可譯性translatability口譯interpretation/interpreting口譯譯員interpreter跨文化交際cross-culturalcommunication連貫coherence連貫意識(shí)senseofcoherence邏輯思維logicalthinking美感功能aestheticfunction目的性intentionality內(nèi)指endophoric篇章層面discourselevel/textlevel情景語(yǔ)境contextofsituation人際功能interpersonalfunction認(rèn)知功能cognitivefunction上下文co-text/context社會(huì)符號(hào)學(xué)sociosemiotics神似similarityinspirit省略ellipsis/reduction/omission釋義法paraphrase述位rheme體裁/類genre外指exophoric文本/語(yǔ)篇text文本類型texttypes文化語(yǔ)境contextofculture文化意識(shí)senseofculture文體/風(fēng)格style銜接cohesion銜接結(jié)cohesivetie顯性overtness校核proofreading信faithfulness/fidelity信息功能informativefunction形合hypotaxis形似similarityinform形象思維figurativethinking修辭層面rhetoricallevel雅elegance異化foreignization/alienation譯文targettext譯文讀者target-textreaders譯者translator意合parataxis意境ideorealm/artisticconception意譯liberaltranslation音譯transliteration隱性covertness語(yǔ)法意識(shí)senseofgrammar語(yǔ)際翻譯interlingualtranslation語(yǔ)境context語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯intralingualtranslation語(yǔ)文學(xué)philology語(yǔ)言學(xué)linguistics語(yǔ)義學(xué)semantics語(yǔ)音層面phoneticlevel語(yǔ)用學(xué)pragmatics語(yǔ)域register解釋語(yǔ)言的功能metalingualfunction原文sourcetext/originaltext原文讀者source-textreaders蘊(yùn)涵意義connotation增詞amplification/addition照應(yīng)anaphora直譯literaltranslation指稱意義denotation主體性subjectivity主位theme轉(zhuǎn)換transformation/transfer綜合性synthetic作者writer/author重要機(jī)構(gòu)名稱英譯學(xué)校各部門〔大學(xué)〕校醫(yī)院universityhospital保衛(wèi)科securitysection/securityoffice財(cái)務(wù)處financesection/office根基部basictrainingdepartment教材部teachingmaterialsection/department教導(dǎo)處educationalsection/office教務(wù)處thedean'soffice教研室teachingandresearchroom科研處scientificresearchdepartment膳食科cateringsection/office外事處foreignaffairsoffice學(xué)生科studentaffairssection/office學(xué)術(shù)委員會(huì)academiccommittee研究生院graduateschool招生辦公室admissionoffice政教處politicaleducationsection/office總務(wù)處generalaffairsoffice政黨及黨組織九三學(xué)社TheJiuSanSociety臺(tái)灣民主自治同盟TheTaiwanDemocraticSelf-GovernmentLeague政治局PoliticalBureau中共中央對(duì)外聯(lián)絡(luò)部InternationalLiaisonDepartmentoftheCPCCentralCommittee中共中央統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)部UnitedFrontWorkDepartmentoftheCPCcentralcommittee中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨TheCommunistPartyofChina中國(guó)共產(chǎn)主義青年團(tuán)CommunistYouthLeagueofChina中國(guó)國(guó)民黨革命委員會(huì)TheRevolutionaryCommitteeoftheKuomintang中國(guó)民主促進(jìn)會(huì)ChinaAssociationforPromotingDemocracy中國(guó)民主建國(guó)會(huì)ChinaDemocraticNationalConstructionAssociation中國(guó)民主同盟TheChinaDemocraticLeague中國(guó)農(nóng)工民主黨ChinesePeasantsandWorkersDemocraticParty中國(guó)致公黨ChinaZhiGongParty中央辦公廳GeneralOfficeoftheCentralCommittee中央黨校PartySchooloftheCentralCommittee;CentralPartySchool中央?yún)⒅\委員會(huì)AdvisoryCommissionoftheCentralCommittee中央候補(bǔ)委員AlternateMemberoftheCentralCommittee中央紀(jì)律檢查委員會(huì)DisciplineInspectionCommissionoftheCentralCommittee中央軍事委員會(huì)MilitaryCommissionUndertheCentralCommittee中央綠化委員會(huì)GreeningCommissionoftheCentralCommittee中央書記處SecretariatoftheCentralCommittee中央委員會(huì)CentralCommittee(C.C.)中央政法委員會(huì)CommissionofPoliticsandLawoftheCentralCommittee中央政治局PoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommittee中央政治局常務(wù)委員會(huì)StandingCommitteeofthePoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommittee中央組織部OrganizingDepartmentoftheCentralCommittee國(guó)務(wù)院所屬各部、委、局的名稱兵器工業(yè)部MinistryofOrdnanceIndustry財(cái)政部MinistryofFinance城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)環(huán)境保護(hù)部MinistryofUrbanandRuralConstructionandEnvironmentalProtection地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)部MinistryofGeologyandMineralResources電子工業(yè)部MinistryofElectronicsIndustry對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易部MinistryofForeignEconomicRelationsandTrade對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)合作部MinistryofForeignTradeandEconomicCooperation紡織工業(yè)部MinistryofTextileIndustry工商局IndustrialandCommercialBureau工商行政管理總局GeneralBureauofIndustrialandCommercialAdministration公安部MinistryofPublicSecurity播送電影電視部MinistryofRadio,FilmandTelevision國(guó)防部MinistryofNationalDefense國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)工業(yè)委員會(huì)theCommissionofScience,TechnologyandIndustryforStateSecurity國(guó)家安全部MinistryofStateSecurity國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總局StateBureauofStandardization國(guó)家測(cè)量制圖局StateBureauofSurveyingandCartography國(guó)家檔案局StateArchivesBureau國(guó)家地震局StateSeismologicalBureau國(guó)家開(kāi)展方案委員會(huì)StateDevelopmentPlanningCommission國(guó)家海洋局StateOceanicBureau國(guó)家方案生育委員會(huì)theStateFamilyPlanningCommission國(guó)家方案委員會(huì)theStatePlanningCommission國(guó)家計(jì)量總局StateBureauofMetrology國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革委員會(huì)theStatecommissionforRestructuringEconomicSystem國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)theStateEconomicCommission國(guó)家名族事務(wù)委員會(huì)theStateNationalitiesAffairsCommission國(guó)家商品檢驗(yàn)局StateCommodityInspectionBureau國(guó)家水產(chǎn)總局StateBureauofAquaticProducts國(guó)家稅務(wù)局StateTaxationAdministration國(guó)家體育運(yùn)動(dòng)委員會(huì)theStatePhysicalCultureandSportsCommission國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局StateStatisticalBureau國(guó)家物價(jià)局StateBureauofCommodityPrices國(guó)家新聞出版署StatePressandPublicationsBureau國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易部MinistryofInternalTrade國(guó)土局LandandResourcesBureau國(guó)土資源部MinistryofLandandNaturalResources國(guó)務(wù)院參事室OfficeofCounselorstotheStateCouncil國(guó)務(wù)院港澳辦公室HongKongandMacaoAffairsOfficeundertheStateCouncil國(guó)務(wù)院僑務(wù)辦公室OverseasChineseAffairsundertheStateCouncil海關(guān)總署GeneralAdministrationofCustoms航天工業(yè)部MinistryofAstronauticsIndustry核工業(yè)部MinistryofNuclearIndustry華僑事務(wù)委員會(huì)OverseasChineseAffairsCommission化學(xué)工業(yè)部MinistryofChemicalIndustry機(jī)械工業(yè)部MinistryofMachine-BuildingIndustry監(jiān)察部MinistryofSupervision建設(shè)部MinistryofConstruction交通部MinistryofCommunications教育部MinistryofEducation科學(xué)技術(shù)部MinistryofScienceandTechnology勞動(dòng)和社會(huì)保障部MinistryofLaborandSocialSecurity林業(yè)部MinistryofForestry旅行游覽總局GeneralAdministrationofTravelandTourism煤炭工業(yè)部MinistryofCoalIndustry民政部MinistryofCivilAffairs農(nóng)牧漁業(yè)部MinistryofAgriculture,AnimalHusbandryandFishery輕工業(yè)部MinistryofLightIndustry全國(guó)供銷合作總社All-ChinaFederationofSupplyandMarketingCooperatives審計(jì)署AuditingAdministration石油工業(yè)部MinistryofPetroleumIndustry水利電力部MinistryofWaterResourcesandElectronicPower司法部MinistryofJustice鐵道部MinistryofRailways外國(guó)專家局BureauofForeignExpertsAdministration外交部MinistryofForeignAffairs衛(wèi)生部MinistryofHealth文化部MinistryofCulture信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部MinistryofInformationTechnologyandTelecomIndustries冶金工業(yè)部MinistryofMetallurgicalIndustry郵電部MinistryofPostsandTelecommunications宗教事務(wù)局BureauofReligiousAffairs其他政府和群眾組織中華全國(guó)婦女聯(lián)合會(huì)All-ChinaWomen'sFederation中華全國(guó)工商業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)All-ChinaFederationofIndustryandCommerce中國(guó)殘疾人協(xié)會(huì)ChineseAssociationfortheHandicapped中華全國(guó)總工會(huì)All-ChinaFederationofTradeUnions中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)RedCrossSocietyofChina全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)NationalPeople'sCongress省人民代表大會(huì)ProvincialPeople'sCongress地區(qū)人民代表大會(huì)PrefecturalPeople'sCongress市人民代表大會(huì)CityPeople'sCongress自治區(qū)人民代表大會(huì)AutonomousRegionalPeople'sCongress中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議ChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference最高人民法院theSupremePeople'sCourt中級(jí)人民法院IntermediatePeople'sCourt中央法院CentralCourt地方法院LocalCourt人民檢察院People'sProcuratorate公安局MinistryofPublicSecurity中國(guó)民用航空局CivilAviationofChina國(guó)家安全部MinistryofStateSecurity中國(guó)民用航空總局GeneralAdministrationofCivilAviationofChina中國(guó)文字改革委員會(huì)CommitteeforReformingtheChineseWrittenLanguage中國(guó)中央電視臺(tái)ChinaCentralTelevisionStation(CCTV)中央氣象局CentralBureauofMeteorology中央人民播送電臺(tái)theCentralPeople'sBroadcastingStation中央文史研究館CentralResearchInstituteofCultureandHistory新華社XinhuaNewsAgency編輯室EditorialSection/Office辭書出版社LexicographicPublishingHouse高等教育出版社HigherEducationPress古籍出版社ClassicsPress/AncientBooksPublishingHouse播送電視出版社BroadcastingandTelevisionPress教育出版社EducationPress科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社Science&TechnologyPress美術(shù)出版社FineArtsPress人民出版社People'sPublishingHouse商務(wù)印書館CommercialPress少年兒童出版社JuvenilesandChildren'sPublishingHouse社會(huì)科學(xué)出版社SocialSciencePublishingHouse外文出版社ForeignLanguagesPress文藝出版社LiteratureandArtPublishingHouse銷售部SalesDepartment譯文出版社TranslationPublishingHouse音像出版社Audio-VisualPublishingHouse中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司ChinaTranslation&PublishingCorporation商業(yè)銀行CommercialBank信用社CreditCooperative中國(guó)工商銀行Industrial&CommercialBankofChina中國(guó)建設(shè)銀行ChinaConstructionBank中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行AgriculturalBankofChina中國(guó)人民銀行thePeople'sBankofChina中國(guó)銀行theBankofChina中國(guó)文化特色詞語(yǔ)英譯宗教及傳統(tǒng)文化拜年payaNewYearcall財(cái)運(yùn)luckinmakingmoney禪宗ChanSect/ZenSect出家人ascetic祠堂memorialtemple倒春寒a(chǎn)nunusuallycoldspellinanotherwisewarmearlyspring道教Taoism道士Taoistpriest法師Master方丈Buddhistabbot佛教Buddhism恭喜發(fā)財(cái)Mayyoubeprosperous!/Wishyouallthebest!和尚Buddhistmonk紅包redenvelopecontainingmoneyasagift;(貶義用法〕bribe/kickback紅運(yùn)goodluck華表ornamentalcolumn/cloudpillar/stele華蓋canopy回教Islam慧根theorganofwisdom基督教Christianity甲骨文inscriptionsonoraclebones江南水鄉(xiāng)thesouthofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver戒precept/discipliné金剛經(jīng)DiamondSutra京劇票友PekingOperafan京劇人物臉譜typesoffacialmake-upinPekingOpera景泰藍(lán)cloisonne舊教/天主教Catholicism坎兒井karez空emptiness喇嘛L(fēng)ama老字號(hào)anoldandfamousshop/enterprise尼姑Buddhistnun涅槃Nirvana旗袍cheongsam三藏經(jīng)Tripitaka三教〔儒、釋、道〕Confucianism,BuddhismandTaoism時(shí)運(yùn)luck/fortune四大皆空allspacedirectionsbeingvalid新教，耶穌教Protestantism真人Taoistpureman族人clansman坐禪sittinginmeditation節(jié)假日春節(jié)SpringFestival黨的誕生日Party'sBirthday端午節(jié)Dragon-BoatFestival國(guó)慶節(jié)NationalDay建軍節(jié)ArmyDay教師節(jié)Teachers'Day六一兒童節(jié)InternationalChildren'sDay清明節(jié)PureBrightnessDay三八婦女節(jié)InternationalWorkingWomen'sDay五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)MayDay/InternationalLaborDay元旦NewYear'sDay元宵節(jié)LanternFestival中秋節(jié)Mid-AutumnDay重陽(yáng)節(jié)Double-NinthFestival名勝古跡阿里山AliMountain碑林ForestofSteles兵馬俑theTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorses布達(dá)拉宮PotalaPalace長(zhǎng)城GreatWall長(zhǎng)春觀ChangchunTaoistTemple承德避暑山莊ChengdeMountainResort城隍廟theTownGod'sTemple大〔小〕雁塔Greater(Lesser)WildGoosePagoda疊彩山PiledSilkHill東方明珠塔theOrientalPearlPower東湖EastLake洞庭湖DongtingLake都江堰DujiangyanWeir峨眉山Mt.Emei二七紀(jì)念館February7MemorialHall夫子廟theTempleofConfucius鼓浪嶼GulangIslet故宮theImperialPalace/theForbiddenCity歸元寺GuiyuanBuddhistTemple龜山TortoiseHill華清池HuaqingHotSpring黃鶴樓YellowCraneTower黃山HuangshanMountain九曲橋theNineZigzagBridge橘子洲OrangeIsland孔廟ConfuciusTemple坤寧宮PalaceofEarthlyTranquility樂(lè)山大佛LargeLeshanBuddha靈隱寺TempleofSoul'sRetreat龍門石窟LongmenGrottoes廬山Mt.Lushan蘆笛巖ReedFluteCave毛主席紀(jì)念堂ChairmanMaoMemorialHall莫高窟M(jìn)ogaoGrottoinDunhuang蓬萊閣PenglaiPavilion人民大會(huì)堂People'sGreatHall人民英雄紀(jì)念碑theMonumenttothePeople'sHeroes日月潭SunMoonLake三峽theThreeGorgesontheYangtze少林寺ShaolinTemple蛇山SnakeHill獅子林LionGrove十三林theMingTombs石林StoneForest嵩山SongshanMountain太和殿HallofSupremeHarmony太湖LakeTaihu泰山Mt.Taishan天安門廣場(chǎng)TianAnMenSquare天壇TempleofHeaven外灘theBund武漢長(zhǎng)江大橋WuhanChangjiangRiverBridge武侯寺TempleDedicatedtotheMemoryofZhugeLiang象鼻山ElephantTrunkHill養(yǎng)心殿HallofMentalCultivation頤和園〔夏宮〕theImperialGarden/theSummerPalace雨花臺(tái)theTerraceoftheRainingFlowers玉淵潭公園JadeAbyssPoolPark豫園〔上海城隍廟〕YuyuanGarden/Shanghai'sTownGod'sTemple岳陽(yáng)樓YueyangTower中山陵Dr.SunYet-sen'sMausoleum紫金山天文臺(tái)PurpleHillsObservatory紫禁城theForbiddenCity紫竹院公園PurpleBambooCourtPark節(jié)氣二十四節(jié)氣thetwenty-foursolarterms立春theBeginningofSpring(1stsolarterm)雨水RainWater(2ndsolarterm)驚蟄theWalkingofInsects(3rdsolarterm)春分theSpringEquinox(4thsolarterm)清明PureBrightness(5thsolarterm)谷雨GrainRain(6thsolarterm)立夏theBeginningofSummer(7thsolarterm)小滿GrainFull(8thsolarterm)芒種GraininEar(9thsolarterm)夏至theSummerSolstice(10thsolarterm)小暑SlightHeat(11thsolarterm)大暑GreatHeat(12thsolarterm)立秋theBeginningofAutumn(13thsolarterm)處暑theLimitofHeat(14thsolarterm)白露WhiteDew(15thsolarterm)秋分theAutumnalEquinox(16thsolarterm)寒露ColdDew(17thsolarterm)霜降Frost'sDescent(18thsolarterm)立冬theBeginningofWinter(19thsolarterm)小雪LesserSnow(20thsolarterm)大雪GreaterSnow(21thsolarterm)冬至theWinterSolstice(22thsolarterm)小寒LesserCold(23thsolarterm)大寒GreaterCold(24thsolarterm)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)“達(dá)標(biāo)〞活動(dòng)“targethitting〞activities“豆腐渣〞工程jerry-builtproject“一條龍〞服務(wù)coordinated-processservice安居工程HousingProjectforlow-incomefamilies按勞分配distributionaccordingtoone'sperformance把握正確的輿論導(dǎo)向toproperlyguidethepublicopinion把眼光放遠(yuǎn)一些tosubordinateimmediateintereststothelong-termones/tobefarsighted/tohaveabroadview把已經(jīng)確定的方針政策措施落到實(shí)處togetthesetprinciples,policiesandmeasuresimplemented百花齊放、百家爭(zhēng)鳴Letahundredflowersblossomandahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend.百年不遇once-in-a-century擺門面toputupanimpressivefront半拉子工程uncompletedproject包干到戶workcontractedtohouseholds保重點(diǎn)，不撒胡椒面Resourcesmustbechanneledto(orconcentratedon)priorityprojectsandnotspreadthinly(evenly)everywhere.本位主義departmentalism變相漲價(jià)disguisedinflation撥亂反正tosetthingsright/torestorethingstoorder不顧條件，一哄而起torushintoactionindisregardofobjectiveconditions不合理收費(fèi)、集資和攤派toimposechargesandquotasandcollectmoneywithoutauthorization不良風(fēng)氣unhealthywaysandcustoms不正之風(fēng)unhealthypractice(tendency〕部?jī)?yōu)產(chǎn)品Ministry-recognizedqualitygoods/products菜籃子工程theshoppingbasketproject參政議政意識(shí)theawarenessoftheneedtoparticipateinthediscussionandadministrationofstateaffairs超方案生育tohavemorechildrenthanwhatisplanned/extra-planbabies吃大鍋飯theegalitarianpracticeof“everybodyeatingfromthesamebigpot〞吃皇糧toreceivesalaries,subsidies,orothersupportedfromthegovernment傳銷pyramidselling/multi-levelmarketing春運(yùn)(passenger)transportationduringtheSpringFestival磁懸浮列車maglevtrain(magneticallylevitatedtrain)/magneticsuspension打白條toissueIOUs打假tocrackdownoncounterfeitgoods打破僵局tobreakthedeadlock大路貨staplegoods大排檔sidewalksnackbooth/largestall大腕topnotch(singeretc.)/aheavyweight待業(yè)job-waiting黨群關(guān)系Party-massesrelationship黨性one'sPartymorale/Partyspirit/Partycharacter倒?fàn)攑rofiteer第二職業(yè)secondemployment/secondoccupation第三產(chǎn)業(yè)tertiaryindustry/servicesector開(kāi)展是硬道理Developmentisofoverridingimportance防洪工程flood-preventionproject房管realestatemanagement扶貧povertyalleviation福利分房welfare-orientedpublichousingdistributionsystem改革開(kāi)放政策thereformandopenpolicy/thepolicyofreformandopening-up改革開(kāi)放reformandopeningtotheoutsideworld港人治港HongKongpeoplegoverningHongKong高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)highandnewtechnologicalindustrydevelopmentzone搞活國(guó)營(yíng)大中型企業(yè)torevitalize/invigoratelargeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterprises搞活經(jīng)濟(jì)toinvigorate/enliven/liberalizetheeconomy革命老根據(jù)地theoldrevolutionarybaseareas公費(fèi)醫(yī)療medicalservicesatstateexpense公款吃喝banquetatpublicexpenses掛靠tobeattachedoraffiliatedto/tobesubordinateto官倒officialprofiteering/officialracketeering長(zhǎng)期國(guó)庫(kù)券treasurybonds國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)largeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterprises和平共處五項(xiàng)原則theFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence和平統(tǒng)一，一國(guó)兩制的方針theprinciplesofpeacefulreunificationand“onecountry,twosystems〞/thepolicyofpeacefulreunificationandtheprincipleof“onecountry,twosystems〞和平演變peacefulevolutiontowardscapitalism黑店gangsterinn黑客hacker黑社會(huì)Mafia-styleorganizations;gangland紅籌股red-chipshares;redchips戶口簿residencebooklet戶口管理制度domicilesystem/residenceregistrationsystem戶主headofahousehold灰色收入incomefrommoonlighting火炬方案TorchProgram(aplantodevelopnewandhightechnology)根本國(guó)情fundamentalrealitiesofthecountry集體主義communityspirit/collectivism方案生育familyplanning假日經(jīng)濟(jì)holidayeconomy堅(jiān)持兩個(gè)文明一起抓toensurethateffortsaremadetobuildasocietythatisadvancedbothmateriallyandculturallyandideologically減員增效、下崗分流tocutdownthesizeofworkforceforefficiencyandgetthelayoffsre-employedelsewhere將文明禮貌topromotecivilizedbehavior/civicmanners將學(xué)習(xí)，講政治，講正氣的黨性黨風(fēng)教育toeducatethecadresinthePartyspiritandstylethroughthepromotionofthethreeemphasesontheoreticalstudies,politicalawarenessandintegrity解放生產(chǎn)力toemancipatetheproductiveforces戒急用忍toovercomeimpetuosityandexercisepatience/nohaste/bepatient經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)economicdevelopmentzone經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)specialeconomiczone精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)tostreamlinegovernmentorgans精神文明建設(shè)topromoteculturalandethicalprogress糾風(fēng)辦StateCouncilOfficeforRectification糾正不正之風(fēng)torectifyunhealthytendenciesandmalpractices九年義務(wù)教育nine-yearcompulsoryeducation軍轉(zhuǎn)民militaryconversion/conversionfrommilitarytocivilianproduction開(kāi)展掃黃打非斗爭(zhēng)toeliminate/crackdownonpornographyandotherillegalpublications康居工程theAffordableHousingProject科技是第一生產(chǎn)力Scienceandtechnologyconstituteaprimaryproductiveforce.科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略thestrategyofdevelopingthecountrybyrelyingonscienceandeducation/thestrategyofrejuvenatingthenationthroughscienceandeducation可持續(xù)開(kāi)展sustainabledevelopment跨世紀(jì)工程atrans-centuryproject虧損企業(yè)enterprisesrunninginthered/underdeficit廉政建設(shè)constructionofacleangovernment領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子leadingbody/group龍頭toplayaleadingrolein/toserveasapowerhouse亂攤派indiscriminatelevies/arbitraryimpositionofquotas亂漲價(jià)unauthorizedpricerise民工out-of-townlaborer/rurallaborer/migrantlaborer磨洋工todawdlealong南水北調(diào)工程projectstodivertwaterfromthesouthtothenorth農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)非agriculturalpeopletobegivennon-agriculturalstatus勤儉建國(guó)tobuildthecountrywithindustryandthrift全民所有制publicownership/publicsector/publiclyowned權(quán)力下放todelegate/decentralizepowertothelowerlevels三角債debtchains三通directlinksinpostalservice,airandshippingservicesandtrade/threedirectlinksoftrade,mailandairandshippingservicesacrosstheTaiwanStraits三峽工程ThreeGorgesProject三資企業(yè)enterprisesinthe“threeformsofventures〞:Sino-foreignjointventures,cooperativebusinessesandexclusively(orwholly)foreign-ownedenterprises掃黃anti-pornographydrive/campaignagainstpornography涉外婚姻Chinesemarriagewithforeignnationals十年動(dòng)亂thetenchaoticyears/theten-yearturmoil十年規(guī)劃和“八五〞方案綱要theguidelinesoftheTen-YearProgrammeandtheEighthFive-YearPlan四有公民citizenswhohavehighideals,moralintegrity,agoodeducationandastrongsenseofdiscipline退居二線toleavetheleadingpost/retirefromtheleadingpost脫貧toshakeoffpoverty歪風(fēng)邪氣unhealthypracticesandevilphenomena晚婚晚育latemarriageandpostponementofchildbearing溫飽問(wèn)題theproblemofinadequatefoodandclothing五好家庭five-virtuefamily五講四美三熱愛(ài)fivestresses,fourpointsofbeautyandthreeaspectsoflove五講四美運(yùn)動(dòng)themovementof“fivestressesandfourpointsofbeauty〞:topromotecivility,courtesy,tidiness,orderlinessandintegrity物質(zhì)文明materialprogress下崗人員thelaid-off下海totaketheplungeintoprivatebusiness下硬功夫tomakeintensiveefforts鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)townshipenterprise/ruralenterprise小康生活toleadarelativelycomfortablelife小商品市場(chǎng)smallsfair信息高速公路information(super)highway/intohighway星火方案SparkProgram姓社姓資問(wèn)題distinctionofwhatissocialismandwhatiscapitalism亞運(yùn)村AsianGamesVillage嚴(yán)打tocrackdownoncrimesandsocialevils嚴(yán)防死守life-and-deathdefense一刀切sweepingapproach/toimposeuniformityon(e.g.,allenterprises)/actionindisregardofobjectiveconditions一國(guó)兩制onecountry,twosystems一切向錢看money-mania/money-mad/toputmoneyaboveanythingelse依法治國(guó)torulethecountryinaccordancewithlaw移風(fēng)易俗totransformoutmodedhabitandcustom以權(quán)謀私toabusepowerforpersonalgains優(yōu)生優(yōu)育topromotegoodprenatalandpostnatalcare/toimproveprenatalandpostnatalcare有經(jīng)濟(jì)頭腦的人commerciallymindedpeople/peoplewithbusinesssense宰人rip-off遵紀(jì)守法toobservedisciplineandabidebythelaw政企分開(kāi)toseparategovernmentfunctionsfromenterprisemanagement治理三亂toputtoastop/eliminateindiscriminatefines,chargesandlevies治理整頓toimprovetheeconomicenvironmentandrectifytheeconomicorder/economicimprovementandrectification/economicretrenchment重復(fù)建設(shè)tobuildredundantproject/duplicationofsimilarprojects專業(yè)戶specializedhousehold自負(fù)盈虧toberesponsibleforone'sownprofitandloss自留地individualfarmplots/privateplotsofland走共同致富的道路totaketheroadtocommonprosperityChapterITranslationofWordsUnit1：DenotationandConnotationIDenotation1Denotation：2一詞多義。包袱：青衣：文體：3詞語(yǔ)的搭配關(guān)系和語(yǔ)言環(huán)境是辯析一詞多義的重要依據(jù)英軍勝利地登上了小島TheBritisharmyclimbedontotheislandsuccessfullyTheBritisharmylandedontheislandsuccessfully他對(duì)事情的進(jìn)展情況也還滿意HeisalsosatisfiedwiththewaythingswentHeisquitesatisfiedwiththewaythingswent他是我父親這姑娘是漂亮此人是書就讀是可忍，孰不可忍是古非今知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也Whenyou____athing,toholdthatyou____it,andwhenyoudonot____athing,toallowthatyoudonot____it------thisis______.南京的風(fēng)俗：但凡新媳婦進(jìn)門，三日就要到廚下收拾一樣菜，發(fā)個(gè)利市。這菜一定是魚，取“富貴有余〞的意思。ThecustominNanjingisforallbridestoinvitegoodluckbygoingtothekitchenonthethirddayandcookingafish,whichstandsforfortune.10〕就1.他就著油燈讀信

2.我這星期不忙，就你的時(shí)間吧。

3.花生仁兒就酒挺適宜。

4.稍等一會(huì)，我就來(lái)。

5.他十三歲就參加革命了。

6.我一打聽(tīng)到他的住址，就馬上告訴你。

7.他要是不來(lái)，我就代他在會(huì)上發(fā)言。

8.他三天才來(lái)看我一次，你一天就來(lái)三次。

9.他身體本來(lái)就不好，高燒幾天后更虛弱了。

10.以前我們班就他一人會(huì)用計(jì)算機(jī)，現(xiàn)在大家都會(huì)了。

11.我就不信我學(xué)不會(huì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。

12.那人就是他的哥哥

13.你就〔是〕送給我，我也不要。

14.就我所知，他的英語(yǔ)很好。

15.兩國(guó)代表團(tuán)就共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題進(jìn)展了會(huì)談。11〕看1我看出了他的心事。2他看出了她的破綻。4上下文與詞語(yǔ)的褒貶是辯析一詞多義的重要依據(jù)1〕他熱衷于個(gè)人名利。2〕她熱衷于把戲滑冰。3〕金錢,美女,城市的繁華生活,都沒(méi)使他動(dòng)心,他仍舊埋頭科學(xué)研究。Neithermoneynorprettywomen,stilllessthepleasuresofcitylife,____himawayfromimmerginghimselfinscientificstudies.5上下文與詞義的廣狹1〕“皮〞2〕〞風(fēng)““不要坐在風(fēng)口上，不然你會(huì)感冒的。3〕“胡子〞4〕“湯〞5)出入下車6)兔死狐悲Exercises一、翻譯以下句子1如果你留下來(lái)，我也要留下來(lái)。2小馬也就是十二三歲，臉上還瘦。3她怎么好好的就自殺了這也怪了！4說(shuō)來(lái)話長(zhǎng)。5他的名字我一時(shí)說(shuō)不上來(lái)。6你連續(xù)三天沒(méi)交作業(yè)，這可說(shuō)不過(guò)去。7他兩歲就學(xué)會(huì)看表了。8我能看出你在想什么。9你要是覺(jué)得這東西還看得過(guò)去，就買來(lái)吧。10那是萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不行的。11我萬(wàn)萬(wàn)沒(méi)有想到。12你要訂哪種雜志13這本書我們沒(méi)有貨，但是可以幫你訂。14你能幫我把這份講義訂起來(lái)嗎15那位司機(jī)聽(tīng)不懂我說(shuō)的話。16他懂禮貌17干部必須懂政策。18那件大衣的面子很漂亮。19如果怕丟面子，就說(shuō)不好英語(yǔ)。20不是我不買你的面子，實(shí)在是這事不好辦。二、請(qǐng)選擇最適宜的表達(dá)來(lái)翻譯各句中的“心〞〔必要時(shí)可更改單復(fù)數(shù)形式〕heartmindbrainintentionwishpopularityfeeling1心有余而力缺乏One'sabilityfallsshortofone's______2您的建議我會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)銘記在心Iwillalwaysbearyouradvicein______3如果你忘了她的生日她會(huì)很傷心的You'llhurther______ifyouforgetherbirthday4居心叵測(cè)tonurseevil______5得人心者得天下Thosewhogain______amongthepeoplewillgainthepower6勞心者治人，勞力者之于人Thosewhoworkwith______ruleandthosewhoworkwiththeirbrawnareruled.7哀莫大于心死Thegreatestdespaircomesfromadevastated______IIConnotation1Connotation2同一詞語(yǔ)在不同語(yǔ)言中所具有的蘊(yùn)涵意義不同，甚至在同一語(yǔ)言體系中指稱意義一樣的詞所具有的蘊(yùn)涵意義也不同。月球與月亮2)玉3〕牛3詞語(yǔ)的蘊(yùn)涵意義是詞語(yǔ)內(nèi)含的情感和聯(lián)想意義.主要表達(dá)在詞語(yǔ)的修辭色彩、文體特征、文化內(nèi)涵等方面。集中表達(dá)在成語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)、歇后語(yǔ)中。翻譯時(shí)，應(yīng)在不影響指稱意義傳達(dá)的前提下盡可能在譯文中反映出原文獨(dú)特的文化信息和審美價(jià)值。1〕群眾的眼睛是一面鏡，群眾的心里有一桿秤。Theaudienceknowwhatisgoodforthemandtheyhavetheirowncriteria.2〕咱們倆的事，一條繩上栓著兩只螞蚱------誰(shuí)也跑不了！We’relike___________________________________________寶釵笑道：“不用問(wèn)，狗嘴里還有象牙不成！〞"Idon'thavetoask,"retortedPao-chai,“__________________________________________."3〕去設(shè)埋伏我們都沒(méi)有信心，想他一定在昨天晚上就早溜了，今天去也是瞎子點(diǎn)燈白費(fèi)蠟。Wehadnoconfidenceintoday’sambushbecauseweweresurehehadescapedlastnight.Itseemed_____________________________________________。4)------只因生得嫵媚風(fēng)流，滿學(xué)中都送了兩個(gè)外號(hào)：一個(gè)叫“香憐〞，一個(gè)叫“玉愛(ài)〞〔曹雪芹《紅樓夢(mèng)》〕A.ButonaccountoftheirgoodlooksandcharmtheywerenicknamedSweetieandLovely.B.---becauseoftheirglamorouslooksandaffectedmanners,wereuniversallyknownbythenicknameofDarlingandPrecious.4詞語(yǔ)的蘊(yùn)含意義還表達(dá)為詞語(yǔ)的文體特征。兩個(gè)指稱意義一樣的詞在文體上常有莊諧、雅俗之分，如果拿捏不當(dāng)，譯文就會(huì)失之毫厘，謬之千里。1〕“某某夫人〞“某某家的〞2〕克明：覺(jué)新哪，你聽(tīng)著！(巴金《家》)Keming:Juexin,Iwantyoutopayparticularattentiontothis.Exercises一、從貼切表達(dá)詞語(yǔ)蘊(yùn)涵意義的角度比擬以下幾組譯文1這是民國(guó)六年的冬天，大北風(fēng)刮得正猛，我因?yàn)樯?jì)關(guān)系，不得不一早在路上走。AIt’sthewinterof1971.Thewindwasblowinghard,butIhadtowalkinthestreettomakealiving.BIthappenedduringthewinterof1971.Abitternorthwindwasblowingbut,tomakealiving,Ihadtobeupandoutearly.2世事洞明皆學(xué)問(wèn)，人情練達(dá)即文章ATheworld’saffairs,wellunderstood,areallscholarshipHumanrelationships,maturelyexperienced,arealreadyliterature.BTruelearningimpliesaclearinsightintohumanactivities.Genuinecultureinvolvestheskilfulmanipulation