屆牛津英語(yǔ)第二輪復(fù)習(xí)信息的表述

第24講信息的表述

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本文著重講述了美國(guó)的政府特許學(xué)校(charterschool)的相關(guān)情況：它的定義、與傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校對(duì)比之異同以及存在的問(wèn)題等。

71.Charterschools直接題。綜合全文可以得出。思路點(diǎn)撥72.Definition/Meaning概括題。思路點(diǎn)撥73.Receivingtaxmoney改寫(xiě)題。根據(jù)第三段“Itreceivestaxmoneytooperateanumberofstudents.”可得出。思路點(diǎn)撥74.agreement(orcharter)

直接題。根據(jù)第三段“Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschoolwiththeagreement,orcharterthatpermitsittooperate.”可判斷。思路點(diǎn)撥75.Differences

概括題。對(duì)比上面similarities可得。思路點(diǎn)撥76.teachingcontents改寫(xiě)題。根據(jù)第四段“Local,stateorfederalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.”可判斷。思路點(diǎn)撥77.howtoreach/waystoreach/waysofreaching

改寫(xiě)題。根據(jù)第五段“Eachschoolcanchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantstoreachthosegoals.”可判斷。思路點(diǎn)撥78.fewer改寫(xiě)題。根據(jù)第五段“Classsizesareusuallysmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools.”可判斷。思路點(diǎn)撥79．traditionalpublicschools直接題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneededbytraditionalpublicschools.”可判斷。思路點(diǎn)撥80.(needed)space直接題。根據(jù)最后一段“Manyalsolackneededspace.”可判斷。思路點(diǎn)撥

理解是前提，而表述是目的和歸宿。要正確、有效地表述信息要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

一、注意文字的簡(jiǎn)潔性有以下幾個(gè)規(guī)律可循：

(1)用名詞所有格形式“'s”代替介詞of。

(2)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。(3)句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。主要通過(guò)加工壓縮信息抓住要點(diǎn)。言簡(jiǎn)意賅，擊中要害。因此怎樣加工壓縮信息就成了廣大考生必備的一種技能。閱讀填空題要掌握以下幾種技能：①詞形轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。主要是看其前后的動(dòng)詞形式再作確認(rèn)。如果前后都是動(dòng)詞原形那就不變；如果前后是v.-ing形式，那就要隨其變形。

②刪減多余詞匯的能力。一般主要是刪去不影響主要意思表達(dá)的修飾詞匯。如形容詞、副詞、冠詞等等。③以群體代替?zhèn)€體。如有的將a/an

＋n.變?yōu)槠鋵?duì)應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。④原意改換能力?？梢杂猛x或近義詞代替；或用反義詞或派生詞改換；或用從句改寫(xiě)；或用意思接近的名詞短語(yǔ)代替原句較長(zhǎng)的句子。同義、近義詞歸納1.runout(of)—lack—useup—giveout用光，用盡2.takeplaceof—replace代替，替代3.nomatterwhat—whatever不管什么4.international—worldwide—global—universal—throughouttheworld—allovertheworld全世界5.comeintobeing—comeintoexistence—appear形成，源于6.inthecountryside—inruralareas在鄉(xiāng)下inthecity—inurbanareas在城里7.besides—aswellas—what'smore—apartfrom—inaddition而且，除了8.split—breaksth.apart—destroy—damage撕裂，毀壞9.comeout—publish出版，發(fā)行10.remove—getridof拆除，移走11.immediately—directly—instantly—secondly—themoment—theminute—upon/ondoing—assoonas一……就……12.solutionstodosth.—waystodosth./waysofdoingsth.—approachestodosth.做某事的方法13.everyyear—yearly—annual每年，年年14.makesb.havetheabilitytodosth.—enablesb.todosth.使某人能夠做某事15.agrowingnumber—anincreasingnumber越來(lái)越多16.workoutaplan—makeaplan制訂計(jì)劃17.likesth.better—prefer更喜歡18.makesth.better—improve使某物變好19.taketheadvantageof—makefull/gooduseof充分利用20.beawareof—know—realize—becomeconsciousof知道，意識(shí)到21.believein—trust—havefaith/trustin相信，信任22.giveup—abandon—stop—quit放棄23.gotoaforeigncountry—goabroad出國(guó)24.benotpresentat—beabsentfrom缺席25.bepresentat—attend出席，參加26.takein—absorb吸收27.speedup—quicken—accelerate加速28.occasionally—accidentally—incidentally—onceinawhile偶爾29.accomplish—complete—getthrough完成30.becauseof—dueto—onaccountof—owingto—thanksto因?yàn)?，由?1.occupy—accountfor—makeup構(gòu)成，占32.accuseof—chargewith控告33.lookupto—admire—showrespectfor欽佩，仰慕34.grown-up—adult成人(的)35.moveforward—advance前進(jìn)36.haveaneffect/influenceon—affect影響37.lateron—afterwards之后38.beafraidof—bescaredof—beterrifiedat—fear—befrightened害怕39.disapproveof—oppose—objectto—disagreeto—beagainst反對(duì)40.byoneself—alone獨(dú)自地41.loseone'stemper—getangry/annoyed發(fā)怒42.makesth.knowntothepublic—announce—declare宣布43.replyto—answer—makeresponseto—reactto回答44.beanxiousabout—beconcernedabout—beworriedabout擔(dān)心45.makeanapologyto—saysorryto—apologize道歉46.appealto—interest—attract吸引47.givebirthto—bear生育48.causetroubleto—bother—disturb打擾，妨礙49.havethecourageto—bebraveto有勇氣，勇敢50.refusetoaccept—boycott拒絕接受51.outofbreath—breathless上氣不接下氣52.figureout—calculate計(jì)算53.calloff—cancel取消54.holdacelebration—celebrate—incelebrationof—observe慶祝55.onehundredyears—century世紀(jì)56.runafter—chase追趕57.mixsth.up—combinewith混合58.atease—comfortable舒適，放松59.makeupfor—compensate彌補(bǔ)60.takepartin—competein—participatein—joinin—attend參加61.drawaconclusion—conclude作結(jié)論62.carryout—conduct—perform實(shí)施63.contributeto—leadto—resultin造成，導(dǎo)致64.beconvincedof—believe信服，相信65.beimportant—count—matter重要66.relyon—counton—dependon依賴，依靠67.atrisk—indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中68.knownothingabout—inthedark一無(wú)所知69.turnadeafearto—refusetolistento充耳不聞70.dealwith—handle—copewith—dowith處理，對(duì)付71.tenyears—decade十年72.makeupone'smind—decidetodo—determineto—bedeterminedto下定決心73.winover—defeat擊敗74.delay—putoff—postpone推遲75.onpurpose—deliberately—bydesign故意76.giveadescriptionof—describe描述77.inspiteof—despite盡管78.beworthyof—deserve值得79.bedifferentfrom—differfrom與……不同80.ondisplay—onshow—onexhibition展覽81.bedrunkwith—bebenton—beaddictedto—becrazyabout沉溺于，著迷82.runaway—escape逃跑83.earnaliving—makealiving謀生84.employ—adopt—use—takeon采用85.fullofenergy—energetic精力充沛的86.wouldliketodosth.—enjoydoingsth.—feellikedoingsth.—befondofdoingsth.想要做某事87.makesure—ensure確保88.atlast—eventually最后，終于89.hereandthere—everywhere到處，處處90.workout—exercise鍛煉91.asamatteroffact—infact/effect—actually事實(shí)上92.makefunof—laughat—playtricks/jokeson—makeafoolof嘲笑，捉弄93.grasp—takeholdof—catchholdof抓住94.bodylanguage—gesture肢體語(yǔ)言95.gohungry—starve挨餓96.paynoattentionto—ignore—overlook—takenonoticeof不關(guān)注97.ataloss—feelpuzzledat—beconfusedat不知所措98.gowith—match相配99.keepup—maintain保持100.atthesametime—meanwhile同時(shí)101.takeplace—occur發(fā)生102.bewellreceived—popular受歡迎103.takethepossessionof—own—possess擁有104.inpublic—publically公開(kāi)地105.takepridein—beproudof以……為自豪106.setfree—release釋放107.looklike—resemble像108.standfor—represent代表109.seek—search—searchfor—huntfor—lookfor尋找，搜尋110.allofasudden—allatonce—suddenly突然地111.putupwith—tolerate—stand—bear忍受112.putonweight—gainweight長(zhǎng)胖113.speakinalowvoice—whisper低語(yǔ)

二、注意表述的概括性概括性是英語(yǔ)閱讀填空所考查的重點(diǎn)，要求對(duì)閱讀信息具有較強(qiáng)的綜合歸納能力。在解答這類題時(shí)，要找出共性，根據(jù)標(biāo)題詞的特點(diǎn)表達(dá)，平時(shí)注意積累典型的概括性詞匯及其常用搭配，以便迅速鎖定最佳詞語(yǔ)。閱讀填空的概括性詞匯分類歸納表原因：reason(for),cause(of)目的：purpose,aim,destination(目的地),goal,target種類：kindof,typeof,sortof,varietyof,categoryof,style(風(fēng)格)方式：means,way,method方位：location,position建議：advice,suggestion,recommendation,tip觀點(diǎn)：attitude,idea,opinion,aspect,concern用途(功能):usage,function變化，趨勢(shì)：trend,development,raise,increase,decrease,change,spreading描述：description,appearance,look,color,size,length,width,distance,height,shape來(lái)源，歷史：history,source,origin,root影響，結(jié)果：effect,influence,result,consequence措施，行動(dòng)：measure,action,activity益處，不利：benefit,advantage,convenience,disadvantage概括，總結(jié)：summary,conclusion主題：topic,theme,mainidea,subject特點(diǎn)：feature,characteristic評(píng)論：comment,remark,assessment問(wèn)題：problem,question,issue需求：demand,need,requirement內(nèi)容，項(xiàng)目：content,item事實(shí)，細(xì)節(jié)：fact,detail信息：information情緒，感覺(jué)：feeling,emotion物質(zhì)，材料：substance,material步驟：beginning,ending,step,procedure,process比例：rat