新教材高中英語Unit2BesportybehealthySectionⅠWeletotheunitReading學案牛津譯林版必修第二冊

Unit2Besporty,behealthy話題閱讀背景導入：社會在發(fā)展，科技在進步，人們的生活方式卻越來越不健康。吸煙、酗酒、熬夜、食用垃圾食品等不良生活方式導致人們在身心方面出現(xiàn)很多問題。因此，健康的生活方式成為當今社會越來越受關(guān)注的話題之一。本文作者拉里·劉易斯是一名健身教練，“用健康的生活方式生活”理念的創(chuàng)始人，《赫芬頓郵報》新聞網(wǎng)站的撰稿人。最近他在《星期日郵報》上刊登了一篇特寫。他在本文中倡導人們選擇健康的生活方式，摒棄不良生活習慣。Stopmakingunhealthychoicesifyouknowwhat'sgoodforyou.Don'tattempttogainshort-termpleasureatthecostoflong-termhealth.Drinkingtoomuchalcohol,eatingfattyunhealthyfoods,maybeafry-upbreakfastandtakeawayortwo?Whyisitthatmanyofyoupletelyforgetaboutmakinghealthychoicesanddoallthewrongthings?Ahealthylifestyleisallaboutmakingtherightchoicesandremovingunhealthylifestylechoices.Anunhealthylifestyleisdefinedasalifestylewhereapersonengagesinactivitiesthatareknowntobeharmfultoone'shealth,suchassmoking,notexercisingregularlyorenough,eatingunhealthyfoodonaregularbasis,andnotmaintainingahealthyweight.Choosingahealthylifestylewillleadtoalonger,happierlife.Makingunhealthychoicescouldendupwithyouexperiencingillhealthorworse.Soeverydaywehaveachoicetolivehealthilyornot.YoucouldchoosetospendyourfreetimetodaywatchingTVoralternativelyyouchoosetospendonehourinthegym.Youchoosetoeatafattyfry-upforbreakfastoralternativelyyouchoosevegetablesandfruit.Everytimeyou'rethirstyyouchoosetodrinkCoca-Colaoralternativelyyouchoosewater.Weallknowwhatweshoulddo:eatmorefruitandvegetables,drinkmorewater,moveourbodiesmoreandlookatscreensless.Buthowoftendoyousticktothesehealthychoices?Thefirststepinstoppingyourunhealthychoicesistodeterminewhattheyare.Breakingbadhabitstakestimeandeffort,butmostlyittakesidentifyingthem,followedbymakingthedecisiontochange,andstickingtoyourchoices.Mostpeoplewhoendupbreakingtheirbadhabitstryandfailmanytimesbeforetheymakeitwork.Youmightnothavesuccessrightaway,butthatdoesn'tmeanyoucan'tdoitsuccessfully.MyillnessforcedmetomakehealthychoicesandIpaidthepricephysicallyandtoapointmentally.Ifyoudon'tdosomethingaboutyourlifestylenow,you'llbeforcedtogetridofyourunhealthychoicesbecauseofillhealth.Goodlifestylechoiceswillleadtogoodhealth.Ibelievethatthegreatestgiftyoucangiveyourfamilyandtheworldisahealthyyou.【譯文】如果你知道什么對你有好處的話，就停止做那些不健康的選擇吧。不要為了獲得短暫的快樂而犧牲長期的健康。喝太多酒，吃高脂肪的不健康食物，或者吃一兩頓油炸的早餐或者外賣真的快樂嗎？為什么許多人老是把健康的生活方式拋到九霄云外，而去做那些錯誤的事呢？健康的生活方式就是作出正確的選擇，摒棄不健康的生活方式。不健康的生活方式是指一個人經(jīng)常做那些對健康有害的活動，比如吸煙、不經(jīng)常鍛煉或鍛煉不夠、經(jīng)常吃不健康的食物和不維持健康的體重。選擇健康的生活方式會讓你更長壽，更幸福。反之，選擇不健康的生活方式會使你生病，或者更糟。因此每天我們都面臨健康或不健康生活的選擇。你可以選擇在今天空閑時看電視，或者花一個小時健身。你可以選擇早餐吃高脂肪的煎炸食品，或者選擇吃蔬菜和水果。每當你渴了的時候，你可以選擇喝可口可樂，或者選擇喝水。我們都知道我們應該做什么：多吃水果和蔬菜，多喝水，多運動，少看電子屏幕。但是你多久堅持一次健康的生活方式呢？摒棄不健康生活方式的第一步是確定它們是什么。改掉壞習慣需要時間和精力，但是最主要的是去發(fā)現(xiàn)壞習慣，然后下定決心做出改變并且堅持你的選擇。大多數(shù)人成功改掉壞習慣之前都經(jīng)歷了很多次嘗試和失敗。同樣地，你可能不會立即成功，但是那并不意味著成功不會到來。我生病后不得不選擇健康的生活方式，我付出了身體上的代價，在某種程度上也付出了精神上的代價。如果你現(xiàn)在不做一些事情來改變你(不健康)的生活方式，你就會因為身體不好而被迫去擺脫那些不健康的生活方式。選擇良好的生活方式會帶來健康。我堅信，健康的你是你能給你的家人和這個世界最好的禮物。SectionⅠWeletotheunit&ReadingⅠ.核心詞匯1．____________n.(美)足球運動2．____________n.蝙蝠；球棒，球板vt.&vi.用球棒(板)擊球3．____________n.跳傘運動4．____________n.肺5．____________vi.往往會；趨向vt.照看6．____________n.疾病7．____________adv.此外，而且8．____________n.常規(guī)，慣例adj.常規(guī)的，例行的；乏味的9．____________n.肌肉，肌10．____________n.慢跑鍛煉11．____________n.滑雪12．____________n.引體向上13．____________n.骨頭，骨14．____________n.體操，體操訓練15．____________vt.&vi.伸展，舒展；拉長；伸出；(使)延伸16．____________n.(變動或浮動的)范圍，界限，區(qū)間；一系列17．____________n.活動，轉(zhuǎn)動；移動；運動18．____________n.汽油19．____________n.蛋白質(zhì)20．____________n.平均水平，一般水準adj.平均的；典型的21．____________prep.自始至終；各處，遍及22．____________n.汗水vt.&vi.出汗；流汗23．____________n.(人、動植物細胞的)組織；(尤指用作手帕的)紙巾，手巾紙24．____________n.缺乏，匱乏，短缺vt.&vi.沒有，缺乏，不足，短缺25．____________vt.維持；維修，保養(yǎng)Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1．________n．祝賀，恭喜；賀辭；恭賀→________vt.祝賀2．________vt.假定，認為；承擔(責任)，就(職)；呈現(xiàn)，顯露→________n．假定；假設(shè)；承擔→________conj.假定，假設(shè)3．________vt.減少，縮小→________n．減少，縮小，降低4．________n．能，能量；精力；能源→________adj.精力充沛的，充滿活力的5．________n．傷害，損傷→________vt.使受傷，弄傷→________adj.受傷的；有傷的6．________vt.阻止，阻礙→________n．預防；防止；阻止7．________n．設(shè)備；配備，裝備→________v．裝備，配備Ⅲ.重點短語1．____________邁出第一步2．____________創(chuàng)造奇跡，產(chǎn)生神奇作用3．____________首先4．____________長期5．____________高/低風險6．____________鍛煉7．____________克服8．____________在……中起作用9．____________首先，尤其是10．____________持續(xù)，堅持11．____________保持12．____________一般來說13．____________彌補，補償14．____________努力前進，排除困難15．____________受傷16．____________熱身Ⅳ.重點句型1．制訂鍛煉計劃時，首先要考慮的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善：心肺功能，肌肉力量還是柔韌性。Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideris__________________________________________________________________________________.2．什么時間吃也很重要。________isalso__________________________．3．為避免軟組織受傷，鍛煉時一定要穿戴合適的衣服和護具。Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipment________．根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案1．Whichofthefollowingisnotthebenefitofexercise?A．Physicalactivityincreasestheefficiencyofyourheartandlungs.B．Workingoutmakesyourheartandlungsgrowstrongeroverthelongterm.C．Afterexercise，peopledon'thavediseasesanymoreoverthelongterm.D．Exercisecanhelpyoureducestressandgetovernegativefeelings.2．Whatactivitiesshouldyoudotoincreasemusclestrengthandencouragebonedevelopment?A．Joggingandweightlifting.B．Swimmingandjogging.C．Weightliftingandpull-ups.D．Gymnasticsandtaichi.3．Whenshouldweeataccordingtothearticle?A．Eatimmediatelyafterexercise.B．Waitanaverageofhalfanhourbeforeatypicalroutine.C．Waitanaverageof1.5to2.5hoursafterahardworkout.D．Haveourmealanaverageof1.5to2.5hoursbeforeexercising.4．Whatshouldyoudotopreventinjury?A．Youshouldwearproperclothesandequipmentafterexercising.B．Youshouldexerciselongerandharderfirst.C．Youshouldwarmupbeforeexercising.D．Youshouldeatsomefoodrichinproteinbeforeexercising.Abeginner'sguidetoexerciseYouwanttostartdoingexercise?Congratulations!Youhavejusttakenyourfirststeptowardsanewandimprovedyou!UnderstandingthebenefitsofexerciseMostpeopleassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforthebodyandmind[1]—butwhatexactlyareitshealthbenefits?Tostartwith,physicalactivityincreasestheefficiencyofyourheartandlungs.Duringexercise,yourheartandlungsmustworkharder.Thisextraeffortmakesthemgrowstronger[2]overthelongterm.Ithasalsobeenproventhat[3]activepeopletendtohavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.Moreover,exerciseisgoodforyourmentalhealth.Workingout[4]canhelpyoureducestressandgetovernegativefeelings.Somestudiesevenshowthatexerciseimprovescertainbrainfunctions,meaningyoucouldactuallyexerciseyourwaytobetterperformanceatschool[5]![1]thatregularexercisedoeswondersforthebodyandmind是assume的賓語從句，that在從句中不作成分。[2]makesthemgrowstronger是“makesb.dosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓某人做某事”。[3]Ithasalsobeenproventhat...中的it為形式主語，后面that引導的從句為真正的主語。[4]workingout是動名詞短語作主語。[5]meaning...是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，其后是省略了that的賓語從句。PlanningyourexerciseroutineWhenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove[6]:heartandlungefficiency,musclestrengthorflexibility.Aerobicactivities,likejogging,swimmingandskiing,developyourheartandlungs.Strengthtraining,suchaspull-upsandweightlifting,increasesmusclestrengthandencouragesbonedevelopment.Flexibilitytraining,includinggymnasticsandtaichi,helpsstretchyourmusclesandimproveyourbody'srangeofmovement.Thesetypesofexerciseallplayaroleinahealthyroutine.Aboveall,chooseactivitiesyouenjoy[7]because,inthisway,you'remorelikelytostickwiththem.[6]Whenyouplan...是when引導的時間狀語從句，toconsider是thefirstthing的后置定語，whatyouexpecttoimprove是what引導的表語從句，what作improve的賓語。[7]youenjoy是定語從句，修飾activities，從句中缺賓語，省略了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that/which。EatinganddrinkingrightLikecarsthatrunonpetrol[8],yourbodyburnscarbohydratesforenergy.Foodslikenoodles,rice,fruitandvegetablesgiveyourbodyplentyofcarbohydratestokeepupyourenergyduringalongworkout.Tohelpyourmusclesrecoverandrepairthemselvesafterexercise[9],youneedtoeatfoodsrichinprotein,suchasfish,eggsandmilkproducts.Whentoeatisalsoofgreatimportance.Ingeneral,youshouldhaveyourmealanaverageofl．5to2.5hoursbeforeexercising.Donoteatimmediatelyafterexercise;instead,waitatleast30minutesafteratypicalroutine,orasmuchasanhourafterahardworkout.Remembertodrinkthroughoutexercisetomakeupforwaterlosttosweat.[8]thatrunonpetrol是that引導的定語句，修飾先行詞cars。[9]Tohelpyourmuscles...是動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。AvoidinginjuryTopreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising[10].Youshouldalsostartsmallandslowlyworkyourwaytoalongerandharderexerciseroutinetoavoidgettinghurt.Finally,remembertowarmupbeforeexercisingandstretchattheendofyourworkout.So,nowyouknowthebenefitsofexerciseandhowtodoitsafelyandeffectively.Whatareyouwaitingfor?[10]Topreventsofttissueinjury是動詞不定式作目的狀語；thatyouwearproperclothes...是makesure的賓語從句，連接詞that在從句中不作成分；whenexercising是when引導的時間狀語從句，省略了主語和be動詞。體育鍛煉入門想開始鍛煉身體了嗎？祝賀(Congratulations)你！你已經(jīng)向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步。了解鍛煉的益處大多數(shù)人都認為(assume)經(jīng)常鍛煉對身心大有益處(dowonders)——不過，鍛煉究竟對健康有哪些好處呢？首先，體育活動能增強心肺(lung)功能。在鍛煉時，你的心臟和肺必須更賣力地工作。久而久之(overthelongterm)，這些額外的工作使它們變得更強壯。有證據(jù)表明，經(jīng)常鍛煉的人往往(tend)免疫(immune)系統(tǒng)會更好，患病(disease)的風險更低。另外(moreover)，鍛煉對心理健康有好處。鍛煉身體能幫你緩解(reduce)心理壓力，克服負面情緒。甚至有研究顯示鍛煉可以改善某些大腦機能，也就是說，通過鍛煉，你確實可以提高自己的學習成績。規(guī)劃日常(routine)鍛煉在做日常鍛煉的規(guī)劃時，首先要考慮的是你想要提升哪方面：是心肺功能，還是肌肉(muscle)強度，抑或是柔韌性。像慢跑(jogging)、游泳和滑雪(skiing)這樣的有氧(aerobic)運動，能增強心肺功能。力量訓練，比如引體向上(pull-up)和舉重，能增加肌肉強度，促進骨骼(bone)發(fā)育。柔韌性訓練，包括體操(gymnastics)和太極拳(taichi)，有助于舒展(stretch)肌肉，增大肢體活動(movement)幅度(range)。在一套健康的日常鍛煉項目中，以上三種訓練都是不可或缺的。而最重要的是，要挑選你喜歡的項目，因為這樣才更有可能持之以恒(stickwith)。飲食得當就像汽車要燒汽油(petrol)才能跑，你的身體也要燃燒碳水化合物(carbohydrate)來獲得能量(energy)。米面果蔬等食物為身體提供豐富的碳水化合物，使你有充足的能量做長時間運動。鍛煉后，為幫助肌肉恢復和自我修復，你需要吃些高蛋白(protein)食物，比如魚、蛋和乳制品。什么時間吃也很重要。一般情況(average)下，應該在鍛煉之前一個半到兩個半小時進食。運動后不要馬上吃東西，如果是常規(guī)鍛煉，至少過半小時再吃；如果是高強度鍛煉，就需要等時后再吃。鍛煉過程中(throughout)別忘了喝水，以彌補(makeupfor)出汗(sweat)損耗的水分。避免受傷(injury)為避免(prevent)軟組織(tissue)受傷，鍛煉時一定要穿戴合適的衣服和護具(equipment)。此外，剛開始鍛煉強度要小，要循序漸進地增加鍛煉的時間和強度，以防受傷。最后，記住鍛煉前要熱身，結(jié)束后要拉伸。現(xiàn)在，你已經(jīng)明白了鍛煉的好處，也知道如何安全高效地鍛煉了。那么，你還在等什么呢？?第一版塊|重點詞匯詮釋1.getintoshape強身健體intheshapeof...呈……的形狀ingood/badshape情況良好/不好；體形好/不好outofshape變形，走樣；不健康keep/stayinshape鍛煉身體，保持健康?Iwanttogetintoshapebydoingexercise!我想通過做運動使身體強壯起來！?Thegardenisintheshapeofasquare.這個花園是方形的。?Weshouldnotonlybehealthy,butalsobeingoodshape.我們不僅應該身體好，還要保持好的體形。?Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstostayinshape.湯姆總是在早晨慢跑，他通常還做俯臥撐以保持身體健康。聯(lián)想拓展“getinto＋n.”表示“進入……的狀態(tài)”，類似短語還有：getintotrouble陷入困境getintooffice就職getintodebt欠債即學即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Shefollowedsomeadvicefromsomeexpertsthatsheshouldworkouttoget________shape.②Maryis________goodshapephysicallyevenifshedoesn'tdomuchexercise.③Kim'sbirthdaycakewasin________shapeofatrain.④I'mdeterminedtochangemyeatinghabitsand______________(強身健體).⑤She'sboughtanexercisebiketo________________(鍛煉身體).⑥Theladyis__________(身體狀況好)becauseshedoesexerciseeveryday.2.preventvt.阻止，阻礙，阻撓(1)prevent...(from)doingsth.阻止……做某事＝stop...(from)doingsth.＝keep...fromdoingsth.(2)preventionn.[U]預防，防范?Hisfevermayprevent/stop/keephimfromplayingintomorrow'sgame.他發(fā)燒了，這可能讓他明天不能進行比賽。?Preventionisbetterthancure.[諺]預防優(yōu)于補救。特別提示以上短語用于主動語態(tài)時，prevent...fromdoingsth.與stop...fromdoingsth.中的from可省略，keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不能省略。用于被動語態(tài)時，這三個短語中的from都不能省略。Weareprevented/stopped/keptbythefrighteningsandstormfromgoingtoschool.可怕的沙塵暴使我們無法去上學。即學即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Opposedtodevelopingtheholidayresort(度假區(qū)),thelocalpeoplepreventedtheconstructionworkers________(enter)theirvillages.②Socialattentionshouldbepaidtopreventingourearthfrom________(pollute).③誰也不能阻止這個計劃的實施。Noonecan________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.3.congratulationn．祝賀，恭喜；賀辭；恭賀（常用復數(shù)）(1)offer/sendone'scongratulationstosb.向某人致以祝賀congratulations(tosb.)onsth.為某事(向某人)祝賀(2)congratulatevt.向(某人)道賀，祝賀congratulatesb.on/upon(doing)sth.祝賀某人(做了)某事?—I'vejustpassedmydrivingtest！我剛剛通過了駕照考試?！狢ongratulations！祝賀你！?Congratulations(toyou)onyoursuperbperformance.祝賀你精彩的演出！?Wecongratulateyouonyourwinning“theawardforbeststudent”．我們祝賀你獲得“最佳學生獎”。詞語辨析congratulate與celebratecongratulate后接人，常用于結(jié)構(gòu)congratulatesb.onsth.“祝賀某人某事”celebrate后接事物，如生日、節(jié)日、紀念日、勝利之類的名詞celebrateNewYear慶祝元旦LiMingheldapartytocelebratehisadmissiontoTsinghuaUniversity，andallhisfriendscametocongratulatehimonit.李明舉行了一個聚會來慶祝自己被清華大學錄取。他的朋友們都就此來祝賀他。即學即練單句語法填空/一句多譯①Weofferourcongratulations________you________yourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.②—IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.—________________(congratulate)!That'sgoodnews.③Shecongratulatedmewarmly________mygoodexamresults.④Theletterarrived,____________________(congratulate)meonmygraduationfromtheuniversity.⑤Youcancongratulate________(you)onhavingdoneanexcellentjob．許多親戚朋友都對他們的銀婚表示祝賀。⑥Manyrelativesandfriends__________________theirsilverwedding.⑦Manyrelativesandfriends__________________theirsilverwedding.4.assumevt.認為，假定，假設(shè)(1)assumesb./sth.tobe＋n./adj.認為某人/某物是……(2)assumethat...假設(shè)……；認為……(3)Itis(generally)assumedthat...人們(普遍)認為……(4)assumingconj.假如，假設(shè)……為真assuming(that)...假定……(5)assumptionn.假定；假設(shè)makeanassumption認為，假定ontheassumptionthat...假定……，假設(shè)……?Iassumehimtobeanhonestman.我認為他是個誠實的人。?Manypeopletendtoassumethatinnovationjustmeanscreatingsomethingnew,butactuallyit'sanattitudetolife.許多人傾向于認為創(chuàng)新僅僅意味著創(chuàng)造新的東西，但實際上它是一種生活態(tài)度。?Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.人們普遍認為，壓力是工作過多所致。?Assuming(that)itistrue，whatshouldwedonow?假定那是真的，我們現(xiàn)在應該做些什么？名師點津assuming可以用作連詞，表示“假設(shè)……為真，假如”，引導從句，此用法同supposing，providing，provided，giventhat。Assuming/Supposingtheaccountistrue，whatshouldwedonow?假定這個說法是真的，我們現(xiàn)在該怎么辦？即學即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Weallcangooutforapicnicthisafternoon—________(assume)thattheothersagree.②Assuming________theadviceisaccepted，whenarewegoingtogetthemoney?③Thefactsprovedher________(assume)wrong.④Whatwillyoudo________theassumptionthatyoucan'tbeathiminthefirstroundofthematch?⑤Let's________________(假定他會遲到)forthemeeting.Whatwillhappenthen?⑥________________(普遍認為)womenarenormallymoresensitivethanmen.⑦Farmerswillhaveagoodharvest,________________(假定天氣合適).5.tendvt.往往會，vi.趨向，趨于vt.&vi.照料，照管(1)tendtodosth.常常會做某事，往往會做某事(2)tendto/towards...趨向……，趨于……(3)tend(to)sb./sth.照料/照管某人/某物(4)tendencyn.[C]趨向；傾向haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的傾向?ItendtoseepicturesinmymindwhenIamreadingorlistening.在讀或聽的時候，我往往會在頭腦中有畫面感。?Hisviewstendtowardstheextreme.他的觀點趨于偏激。?Iwouldliketotendthestoreforyouwhileyou'reaway.你不在時我愿意替你看店。?Shehasbeentendingtothesickandthewoundedinthehospitalsinceshegraduated.自從畢業(yè)后她就一直在這家醫(yī)院看護病人和傷員。?IhaveatendencytotalktoomuchwhenI'mnervous.我緊張時總愛嘮叨。特別提示(1)tendto中to有時候為介詞，有時候為動詞不定式符號。(2)作“照顧，照料，護理”講時，tend可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞。即學即練單句語法填空①Thereisawidespread________(tend)thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplechooseonlineshoppingratherthangotorealstorestobuywhattheylike.②Wetend________(have)abettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappealto(吸引)ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.③Whenpeopleareverystressed,thereisatendency________(avoid)listeningtomusic.6.workout(1)鍛煉身體，做運動。為不及物短語動詞。?Iworkoutregularlytokeephealthy.我經(jīng)常鍛煉身體以保持健康。(2)找到……的答案，解決。為及物短語動詞。?Thoughtheproblemwasverydifficult，theymanagedtoworkitoutfinally.盡管這個問題很難，他們最終還是設(shè)法解決了。(3)計算，算出。為及物短語動詞。?Canyouworkouthowmuchtheactivitywillcost?你能算出這個活動將花多少錢嗎？(4)思考，制訂出。為及物短語動詞。?Weworkedoutatravelplan.我們想出了一個旅行計劃。(5)成功地發(fā)展。為不及物短語動詞。?Thingshaveworkedoutquitewellforus.事情對我們來說進展得很順利。歸納拓展workat/on從事于，致力于workin在……工作workfor為……工作workas從事……工作outofwork失業(yè)atwork在工作即學即練寫出下列句中workout的含義①Aftertheydiscussedforseveraldays,theyfinallyworkedoutanewplan.____________②Iworkoutregularlytokeepfit.____________③I'mjusttryingtoworkouthowmuchIspendeachmonth.____________④Ihaveneverbeenabletoworkherout.________________7.reducevt.減少，縮小reduce...(from...)to...把……(從……)減少到……(to之后接減少后的量)reduce...by...……減少了……(by之后接減少的程度或幅度)?Ourexpenseshavebeenreducedto2，000yuanonemonth.我們每月的開銷已降到2000元。?Theyreducedthepricesby20%.Youhadbettergoandbuysomethinginahurry.他們把價格降低了20%，你最好趕緊去買東西。聯(lián)想拓展reduce(減少)的近義詞是decrease，drop；反義詞是increase，rise。這些詞的用法相似：后可接to(用于表示增減后的量)和by(用于表示增減的程度或幅度)。語境助記Theirsalaryhasincreasedby20percentsincelastyear.自去年以來，他們的工資已經(jīng)增長了20%。即學即練單句語法填空①Bydietingandexercising,Ireducedmyweight________5kilos.②Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,theywillincreasetheirsales________25percent.③Itwasfoggy,sothedriverhadtoreducethespeed________fortykilometersanhour.8.stretchvt.&vi.伸展，舒展；拉長；伸出；（使）延伸(1)stretchout/stretchoneselfout躺下(通常為休息或睡覺)(2)stretchoutone'shand伸出某人的手(3)stretchone'slegs(久坐之后)散散步，活動活動腿腳(4)stretchacross延伸穿過；伸展跨過?Carlsatupinbed,yawned,andstretched.卡爾從床上坐起來，打了個呵欠，伸了伸懶腰。?I'mjustgoingtostretchoutonthecouchfortenminutes.我就在長沙發(fā)上躺十分鐘。?Shestretchedacrossthetablefortheapple.她伸手到桌子那頭去拿蘋果。?Istretchedoutahandandpickedupthebook.我伸出手，把書撿起來。?Itwasgoodtogetoutofthecarandstretchourlegs.我們下了車活動活動腿腳，真不錯。?Thissweaterhasstretched.這件毛衣給撐得變形了。?Fieldsandhillsstretchedoutasfaraswecouldsee.放眼望去，田野、山丘綿延不絕。詞語辨析stretchv．伸展，延伸，并有可能超過限度；伸長、伸出(身體某部位)；enlargev．擴大，多指具體物品如相片的放大；enlargeyourvocabulary擴大詞匯量expandv．指范圍、體積的擴大、增大，也可以指內(nèi)容或細節(jié)的充實。expandthebusiness擴展業(yè)務即學即練判斷下列句子中stretch的含義/完成句子①Ahugecloudofsmokestretchedacrossthehorizon.____________②Tightnessinthismusclecanleadtoseriousbackpain,soit'simportanttostretchit.____________③Aspider'swebcanstretchconsiderablywithoutweakening．____________④學習了一段時間之后，你應當起來活動活動腿腳。Afterstudyingforsometime,yououghttogetupand____________________．9.rangen．（變動或浮動的）范圍，界限，區(qū)間；一系列；山脈v．（在一定的范圍內(nèi)）變化，變動；（按一定位置或順序）排列(1)awide/fullrangeof...各種各樣的……in/withinrange(of...)在(……)可及的范圍內(nèi)outof/beyondrange(of...)超出(……的)范圍in/outofone'spricerange在/不在某人能承受的價格范圍內(nèi)(2)rangefrom...to...在……與……之間變化；包括從……到……之間rangebetween...and...在……與……之間變化?Thisschoolprovidesafullrangeofactivitiesforstudents.這所給學生們提供各種活動。?Theexpensivecariswelloutofhispricerange.這輛昂貴的汽車遠遠超出了他能承受的價格范圍。?BetweenItalyandFrance，thereisamountainrangecalledAlps.在意大利和法國之間，有一條被稱作阿爾卑斯山的山脈。語境助記Theytalkedamiablyandeasilyaboutarangeoftopics.他們親切而又輕松地談著一系列的話題。即學即練完成句子①她做過許多不同的工作，從廚師到游泳教練。Shehashadanumberofdifferentjobs,______________chef________swimminginstructor.②這些城市的人口在300萬到500萬之間。Thepopulationofthesecities____________3million________5million.10.stickwith堅持，持續(xù)stickto(to為介詞)堅持；遵守；信守stickout(ofsth)伸出；探出；突出get/bestuckin(＝get/becaughtin)被陷在……；被卡在……?Practicingistiresome,butstickwithitandsomedayyouwillbeagoodpianist.練琴是讓人厭煩的，但繼續(xù)練下去，終有一天你將成為一位好的鋼琴演奏者。?Hepromisedtohelpusandhestucktohisword.他答應過幫助我們，他沒有食言。?Hestuckhisheadoutofthecarwindow.他把頭探出車窗外。?Thebusgotstuckinthesnowandwehadtowalktherestoftheway.公共汽車陷在雪中了，剩下的路我們只好步行了。即學即練完成句子①Youshouldchooseanactivitythatyouenjoyandonethatyou'll_______________．(堅持)②Thecar______________________(陷入)thesnowcouldn'tstart.③米格爾決心堅持自己的決定。Miguelwasdeterminedto________________________(堅持)hisdecision.11.energyn．能，能量；精力；能源(1)fullofenergy精力充沛saveenergy節(jié)約能源alternativeenergy可替代能源(2)energeticadj.精力旺盛的；充滿活力的?Takingrightamountofexerciseeverydaycanmakeusfullofenergy.每天適量運動可以使我們充滿活力。?Thecountryshouldattachgreatimportancetoenergysavingandenvironmentalprotection.那個國家應當重視能源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護。?Withnaturalresourcesbeingfewerandfewer,howtomakeuseofalternativeenergy,suchassunlightandwind,hasbeeourtoppriority.隨著自然資源越來越少，如何利用可替代能源，如太陽能和風能，已成為我們的當務之急。詞語辨析energy/power/strength/force易混詞區(qū)別例句energy主要指人的精力、活力和自然界的能源。Sheputallherenergiesintoherwork.她把全部精力都投入到工作中去了。power常用來指能量、動力、權(quán)力、影響力等。Wecanusethepowerofthewindtogenerateelectricity.我們可以使用風力來發(fā)電。strength指某人或某物所具有的內(nèi)在力量，如體力、力氣、意志力量。Heisamanofgreatstrength.他是個大力士。force常指暴力、武裝力量，也可指兵力和軍隊。Wehadtouseforcetogetintothehouse.我們不得不破門而入。即學即練單句語法填空/完成句子①Ifindthatdoingphysicalexerciseacoupleoftimesaweekmakesmefeelmore________(energy).②Ithinkifyouinsistonitforalongtime,you'llbefull________energyandneverfeeltired.③Youarealways______________(精力充沛).Canyoutellmethesecret?④Asthereislessandlesscoalandoil,scientistsareexploringnewwaysofmakinguseof______________________________(可替代能源),suchassunlight,windandwaterforpowerandfuel.12.averagen．平均數(shù)；平均水平，一般水準adj.平均的；一般的；普通的；典型的onaverage平均來看anaverageof平均是……above/belowaverage高/低于平均水平?Thereisverylittlerainhere,merely60mminayearonaverage.這兒雨水極少，平均每年只有60毫米。?Tibetliesatanaverageofover4，000metresabovesealevel.西藏平均海拔4000米以上。?Tom'sworkatschoolisaboveaverage.湯姆的功課在是中等以上水平。?Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassisfifteen.這個班男生的平均年齡是十五歲。?Therewasnothingspecialaboutthemeal;itwasaverage.飯菜沒什么特別，挺平常的。語境助記Freddywasanaveragestudent，butnotanaverageperson.弗雷迪是一名普通學生，但不是個普通人。即學即練單句語法填空①________average,50topstudentsinthekeymiddleschoolgotoBeijingUniversityandTsinghuaUniversityeachyear.②Hewasagoodstudentandscored________averageinmostsubjects.③Parentsspend________averageof$220ayearontoysfortheirchildreninthecity.13.throughoutprep.自始至終；各處，遍及adv.到處，始終throughouttheday/year整個白天/一年throughouttheworld全世界throughoutone'slife終生?Theyexporttheirproductstomarketsthroughouttheworld.他們把產(chǎn)品出口到世界各地的市場。?Theputersdirectmirrorstoturnalongwiththesunthroughouttheday.這些電腦引導鏡子在一天中隨著太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。?Thehotelwasredecoratedthroughout.這家旅館全部重新裝修了一遍。特別提示①throughout作介詞，后接表示時間或地點的名詞，意為“在整個期間”“從一端至另一端”，即“在整個地區(qū)”；②allover意為“在(遍及)……的各部分”，只接表示地點的名詞。即學即練單句語法填空/完成句子①ManycountriesinAsia,forexampleChinaandThailand,havealotoftourists________theyear.②一杯咖啡不足以讓我一整天都保持清醒。Acupofcoffeeisnotenoughtokeepmeawake____________________________．14.makeupfor彌補，補償(1)makeup編造；形成；構(gòu)成；鋪床；補上(失去的東西)(2)bemadeupof由……組成(3)makeout辨認清楚；看清(4)makeit獲得成功(5)makethemostof充分利用?Theworkershavemadeuptheirmindstomakeupforthelosttime.工人們已經(jīng)下決心彌補失去的時間。?Hemadeupanexcuseabouthisdaughterbeingsick.他編了個借口，說他的女兒生病了。?Girlsmakeup56%ofthestudentnumbers.女生占學生人數(shù)的56%。?Themitteeismadeupofrepresentativesfromeverystate.該委員會由來自每個州的代表組成。?TheyweresofarawaythatIcouldn'tmakeouttheirfacesclearly.他們離得那么遠，我看不清楚他們的臉。?Putyourheartinyourstudyandyouwillmakeit.把心放在學習上，你會成功的。?We'veonlygotonedayinParis,sowe'dbettermakethemostofit.我們在巴黎只有一天時間，所以我們最好充分利用這一天。聯(lián)想拓展“動詞＋副詞＋介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)：lookdownon輕視，瞧不起lookupto尊敬，敬重breakawayfrom脫離；逃離keepawayfrom遠離runoutof用完，用盡thinkhighlyof對……評價高,addupto總數(shù)為liveupto不辜負getdownto開始catchupwith趕上eupwith提出，想出(答案等)getalong/onwith與……相處putupwith容忍doawaywith擺脫，廢除goonwith繼續(xù)即學即練用make的相關(guān)短語完成句子。①Yourholidayissupposedtobe________________toimproveyourabilities.②Heneverreally________________asanactor.③Icouldjust________________afigureinthedarkness.④Nothingcan________________thelossofachild.⑤Hehadnochoicebutto________________anexcusetoexplainhisbeinglate.15.injuryn．傷害，損傷(1)dosb.aninjury＝doaninjurytosb.使某人受傷害(2)injurevt.傷害，損害injuredadj.受傷的theinjured傷員?Severaltrainpassengerssufferedseriousinjuriesinthecrash.在這次撞車事故中，火車上有幾名乘客受了重傷。?Mikeisoutofthebasketballteambecauseofaterribleheadinjury/aterribleinjurytohishead.邁克因頭部受了重傷而退出了籃球隊。?Don'tdothat.You'lldoyourselfaninjury.＝Don'tdothat.You'lldoaninjurytoyourself.別那樣做。你會把自己弄傷的。?Somepeoplehavebeenseriouslyinjuredintheroadaccident.在這次交通事故中一些人受傷嚴重。詞語辨析injure,harm,wound與hurtinjure一般指由于意外或事故造成的損傷harm表示對身體、物質(zhì)或精神上的嚴重損害，常指傷害人的肉體，損壞東西以及損害健康、品質(zhì)、事業(yè)等wound主要用于肉體上的“創(chuàng)傷”，一般指嚴重的外傷，主要指在戰(zhàn)場上受槍彈傷害hurt普通用語，在口語中常見。主要指有生命的東西“受傷”。既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害即學即練單句語法填空①The________(injure)weretakentothenearbyhospitalbyanambulance.②Thefirefighterscouldn'tgetclosetotheburninghouseintime,resultinginseveraldeathsand________(injure).③LastSaturday,Iwentfishingwithmyfellows,onlytohavemyleftfoot________(injure).16.equipmentn．設(shè)備；配備，裝備(1)apieceofequipment一件設(shè)備officeequipment辦公室設(shè)備(2)equipvt.裝備，配備；使有能力，使有所準備equipsb./sth.withsth.給……配備……equipsb.forsth.使某人勝任……beequippedwithsth.配備某物?Thispieceofequipmentisanexcitingnewdevelopment.這臺設(shè)備是一項振奮人心的最新研究成果。?Apieceofequipmenthasbeentransportedtothisfactory.一臺設(shè)備已被運到了這家工廠。?Theyspentalotofmoneyequippingtheschoolwithnewputers.他們花了很多錢給配備新電腦。?Theroomsareequippedwithvideocameras.房間里都裝了攝像機。聯(lián)想拓展v.＋-ment→n.development發(fā)展即學即練單句語法填空①He________(equip)withmuchexperienceinteaching.②Agoodeducationshouldequipyou________life.③Ourfactorydevelopsandmakesoffice________(equip)andteachingfacilities.④Weshouldequipourchildren________agoodeducation.17.lackn．缺乏，匱乏，短缺vt.&vi.沒有，缺乏，不足，短缺)(1)(a)lackof缺乏forlackof...由于缺乏……(2)lack(for)sth.缺乏某物(3)lackingadj.缺乏的belackingin...缺少……?Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsand(a)lackofexercise.健康問題與不良的飲食習慣和缺少鍛煉密切相關(guān)。?Hewasfiredbythebossforlackofskills.他因為技能不足被老板解雇了。?Itmaybeagoodreport,butitseemstolack(for)facts.這也許是一份好報告，但似乎缺少事實依據(jù)。?Heislackinginconfidence.他缺乏信心。＝Helacksconfidence.語境助記Herbrainwasbefoggedbylackofsleep.她因缺乏睡眠而頭腦昏沉。即學即練單句語法填空①Though________(lack)experience,hewaswillingtoworkhard.②Forlack________money,theprojecthadtobestopped.③Thisboywas________(lack)inconfidence.④________lackofcarefromfamilymembersresultedinhisproblems.?第二版塊|重點句型解構(gòu)1.（教材P17）Whenyouplananexerciserouti