專題4.閱讀理解7選5串講及精練（教師版）-2022-2023學(xué)年高一英語期中考點(diǎn)大串講（人教版2019）

閱讀理解、7選5串講及精練一．細(xì)節(jié)理解題根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，回到原文定位信息區(qū)間，稍加比對，就能得出正確答案。因此，對于這類題目要力求讀得快、找得準(zhǔn)、答得對，力爭不丟分，保住基本分才能得高分。但有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題由于命題人故意設(shè)置障礙，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有時(shí)又有轉(zhuǎn)折、否定等，因此有些題目需要仔細(xì)地思考、對比、計(jì)算、對上下文關(guān)鍵信息把握和分析。盡管細(xì)節(jié)理解題相對簡單，但不可掉以輕心。細(xì)節(jié)理解題常見的考查題型有：直接信息題、間接信息題、概括細(xì)節(jié)理解題和正誤判斷題。二．猜測詞義題根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義是閱讀能力的一部分，也是高考閱讀理解測試中重要的一項(xiàng)。要做好這類題目，考生要記?。涸谕暾恼Z篇中，單詞和詞組的意義總是受特定的語境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根據(jù)上下文，并利用所掌握的語法、詞匯和構(gòu)詞法等知識確定它們的意義。詞義猜測可以是對一個(gè)單詞的意義的推斷，也可以是對一個(gè)短語或句子的意義的推斷；既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新義，還可以是對替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，而要根據(jù)短文提供的語境，通過閱讀上下文，根據(jù)已知的信息或常識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或短語的含義。Bysayingthat“...”inthefirst(second...)paragraph,theauthormeansthat________.InParagraph...,“...”canbereplacedby“______”．Themeaningof“...”inParagraph...isrelatedto________.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto...(Paragraph...)？AsisusedinLine...,theword“...”refersto________.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraphprobablymeansthat________.三．推理判斷題解答該類型題目時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息之間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去體會作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)，要據(jù)文推理、合情推理，不可脫離原文主觀臆斷。推理判斷能力的考查主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)根據(jù)所提供的事實(shí)和證據(jù)得出結(jié)論。(2)對語段的深層含義進(jìn)行推理判斷。(3)對語段的言外之意進(jìn)行推理判斷。(4)對文段的背景進(jìn)行推理判斷。四．主旨大意題是閱讀理解中考生失分最多的題目，因?yàn)樵擃愒囶}不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會大意的能力，也對考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。此類題目可分為三大類，即標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。要做好主旨大意題，我們首先必須了解其正確選項(xiàng)和干擾選項(xiàng)的特征。正確選項(xiàng)特征干擾選項(xiàng)特征1.涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。2.確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。3.精確性強(qiáng)，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。1.過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云所給選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容概括的范圍過大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容。2.以偏概全，主次不分所給選項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，或以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或個(gè)別詞作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。3.移花接木，偷換概念所給選項(xiàng)被命題者有意識地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上，若不留神，極易選錯(cuò)答案。4.無中生有，生搬硬套所給選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞語雖然在文章中談到了，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。隨堂練習(xí)一2021-2022學(xué)年福建省福州市八縣（市、區(qū)）高一上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題Explorationisabouthowweexperienceourmostmeaningfulgeography.Ageographyeducationwithoutactivelylearninghowtoexploreplacesisasfrustratingasteachingmusiclessonswithoutsound.Besidesthat,initswidestsense,explorationhasthepotentialtobeoneofthemostenjoyableandrewardingthingswehumanswilleverdo.Itcanbegoodfordevelopingproblem-solving,teamwork,socialandothervitalskills.Therefore,weshouldbegiventheopportunitiestolearnproperlyhowtodoit.Thesadrealityisthatmillionsofchildrenaresociallyandgeographicallydeprived(剝奪的).Theirlearningenvironmentslackthediversityofplaceandexperience-basedopportunitiesthattheyneedtodevelopwellandasaresult,theywillnotreachtheirfullpotential.Thereisplentyofresearchshowingthatmanychildrenhavelittletimeandspacetoexplore,playandlearnoutdoors.Perhapsmostshockingly,DirtisGoodconductedasurveywhichfoundthatthree-quartersofUKchildrenspendlesstimeoutsidethanprisoners,thattheamountoftimechildrenspendplayinginnaturalplaceshasdecreasedandthatafifthofchildrendonotplayoutsideonanaverageday.Therearealargenumberofgoodandplexreasonswhyparentsdonotlettheirchildrenplay(andsolearn)outdoorsandnotoveringthesebarrierseswithitsownrisks.Changingtheparentingculturesthatareoverlylimitingmanychildren’sfreedomwillpotentiallyneedeffortsofgenerationaftergeneration.Partiallyasaresponsetothissituation,anincreasingnumberofdoctorsareprovidingsocialprescriptions(處方).Insteadofbeingofferedmedicineforamentalorphysicalillness,youngpatientsarebeingprescribedtimewithnature,volunteering,doingsportsorsomeotheractivitiesinstead.Teachersare,inmanyways,inabetterpositiontoprovidetimeandspaceforchildrentobenefitfromexperiencesthathelpthemnotonlytolearn,butalsotobewell.Teacherscan

sparebothformalandinformaltimeandspaceforexplorationthathelpsnotjustchildrenwhoareill,butalsothosewhoarewelltoremainwellorbeeevenbetter.31．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A．Thewaytoreachfullpotential. B．Themethodsofdoingexploration.C．Thedifferentattitudestoexploration. D．Theimportanceofdoingexploration.32．WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyofDirtisGood?A．PrisonersintheUKaretreatedverywell.B．Childrenarebadlyinneedoftimeoutdoors.C．Childrenarebeinglessoutgoingnowadays.D．Therearen’tenoughnaturalplacesinmanycountries.33．Whatdoweknowabouttheprocessofchangingparents’attitude?A．It’sinterestingbuttiring. B．It’splexandrisky.C．It’schallengingbutworthwhile. D．It’stroublesomeanddemanding.34．Bymentioningsocialprescriptions,theauthorwantstosay_______.A．playingoutsidecanpromotepeople’shealthB．traditionalmedicinesmayhavesideeffectsC．experienceddoctorsareinshortsupplyD．mentalillnessneedsspecialtreatment35．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?A．①-②③④⑤-⑥ B．①-②③-④⑤⑥C．①②③-④⑤-⑥ D．①②-③④-⑤⑥【答案】31．D32．B33．C34．A35．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章闡述了出外探索的重要性，提出了兒童在外接觸自然的時(shí)間較少的原因。最后文章從父母，醫(yī)生和老師的角度提出了解決方案。31．D【解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段認(rèn)為Ageographyeducationwithoutactivelylearninghowtoexploreplacesisasfrustratingasteachingmusiclessonswithoutsound（地理教育如果不積極地學(xué)習(xí)如何探索地方，就像教音樂課沒有聲音一樣令人沮喪）。另外作者認(rèn)為Besidesthat,initswidestsense,explorationhasthepotentialtobeoneofthemostenjoyableandrewardingthingswehumanswilleverdo.Itcanbegoodfordevelopingproblem-solving,teamwork,socialandothervitalskills（除此之外，在最廣泛的意義上，探索有可能成為我們?nèi)祟悓⒁龅淖钣淇旌妥钣谢貓?bào)的事情之一。它有助于培養(yǎng)解決問題、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作、社交和其他重要技能）。綜合分析，文章第一段在告訴我們出外探索重要性。故選D項(xiàng)。32．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Perhapsmostshockingly,DirtisGoodconductedasurveywhichfoundthatthree-quartersofUKchildrenspendlesstimeoutsidethanprisoners,thattheamountoftimechildrenspendplayinginnaturalplaceshasdecreasedandthatafifthofchildrendonotplayoutsideonanaverageday（也許最令人震驚的是，DirtisGood的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，四分之三的英國兒童在戶外的時(shí)間少于囚犯，兒童在自然場所玩耍的時(shí)間減少了，五分之一的兒童平均每天不在戶外玩耍）可知，英國兒童在戶外玩耍的時(shí)間很少，他們急需多走出去。故選B項(xiàng)。33．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Changingtheparentingculturesthatareoverlylimitingmanychildren’sfreedomwillpotentiallyneedeffortsofgenerationaftergeneration（改變過度限制許多孩子自由的養(yǎng)育文化可能需要一代又一代的努力）可知，改變父母的養(yǎng)育文化需要一代又一代的努力。同時(shí)根據(jù)前文第二段提及的父母限制孩子在戶外玩耍的時(shí)間不利于孩子們的成長。綜合分析，改變父母的限制孩子自由的養(yǎng)育文化具有挑戰(zhàn)性，但又很值得。故選C項(xiàng)。34．A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Insteadofbeingofferedmedicineforamentalorphysicalillness,youngpatientsarebeingprescribedtimewithnature,volunteering,doingsportsorsomeotheractivitiesinstead（他們沒有為精神或身體疾病提供藥物治療，而是規(guī)定年輕患者去大自然、做志愿者、做運(yùn)動或其他活動）可知，出外游玩可以有利于身體健康。故選A項(xiàng)。35．B【解析】推理判斷題。綜合分析文章，文章第一段提出了外出探索的重要性。然后在文章第二和第三段描述了有很多小孩子的外出自由受到了限制的現(xiàn)象。文章最后三段提到了改變這種現(xiàn)象的方法，包括了改變父母的教養(yǎng)文化，醫(yī)生的幫助以及老師的指導(dǎo)。綜合分析可知，故選B項(xiàng)。二2021-2022學(xué)年福建省龍巖市六縣聯(lián)考高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題ArecentannouncementinChinalimitsteenagerstoplayingvideogamesforuptoonehouradayonweekendsandholidays.Tomakesuretherestriction(規(guī)定)isfollowed,videoplatformswillneedreal-namerecognitionandfacialrecognition.Asisreported,thesemeasureshavebeenweledbyChineseparents.Therestrictionsareaimedatthegamingpanies,whichhaveprofitedgreatlyatthecostofyoungpeople’shealthandgrowth.Areportparedvideogamesto“spiritualopium”(精神鴉片)forChina’syouth.Theyareinfluencingteenagers’behaviorindailylife,especiallythosewhohavenotdevelopedthepropertimemanagementskills.Thewayofrestrictionsmaynotbeperfect,butitcansendtherightmessagetoteenagers,aswellasgamingpanieswhoareusingtechnologytodragusersdeeperanddeeperintousingtheirproducts.Thegammingpaniesshouldconsiderdevelopingmorelearninggamesorseriousgames,insteadofgamesthatservenoparticularpurposeotherthanmakingmoney.Thereismuchwecanlearnfromthegamingworld.Learningcanbeagameinawaytoguidestudentstowardsuccessifwedesigneducationprogramstoleadstudentsthroughlevels,fromeasytochallenging.Studentsshouldbeprovidedopportunitiestofailinasafeenvironmentandgainvaluableexperienceforgrowth.Andwhentheyhavemasteredaskill,theycancelebrateittofeeladeepsenseofsatisfaction.Workinginaneducationorganization,Ihavenoticedteacherswhosuccessfullyusegamingintheircourses.AndIhavealsoseengammingpaniesworkinghardtoproducevaluableeducationalgamingtoolsorplatforms.Thesetoolshelpschoolsandteachersencouragestudentstoachievevariouslearninggoals.Educationinmanypartsoftheworldisfilledwithills,includingthelackofpurposeandefficiency.Perhapsgamingcanteachussomething.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inparagraph3referto?A．Videoplatforms. B．Gamingpanies. C．Gamingrestrictions. D．Videogames.33．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’sgamingrestrictions?A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned.34．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Videogamescanbeturnedintoteachingtools.B．Allgamesharmfultoteenagersshouldbeforbidden.C．Teenagersshouldlearnfromonlinegames.D．Newtechnologyisneededtohelpdevelopseriousgames.35．Whatistheauthor’saiminwritingthetext?A．Tocallonteenagerstogiveupplayingonlinegames.B．Toputforwardanewwayofmakinggooduseofvideogames.C．Toinformpeopleofthenewlyannouncedgamingrestrictions.D．Todrawthepublicattentiontothebadeffectsofvideogames.【答案】32．D33．C34．A35．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人們最新宣布的游戲限制并提出一種利用電子游戲的新方法。32．D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Areportparedvideogamesto“spiritualopium”

forChina’syouth.（一份報(bào)告將電子游戲比作中國青少年的“精神鴉片”。）”可知，這里是說明電子游戲的危害，影響青少年的日常生活行為，所以They指代的是“電子游戲”。故選D。33．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyareinfluencingteenagers’behaviorindailylife,especiallythosewhohavenotdevelopedthepropertimemanagementskills.Thewayofrestrictionsmaynotbeperfect,butitcansendtherightmessagetoteenagers,aswellasgamingpanieswhoareusingtechnologytodragusersdeeperanddeeperintousingtheirproducts.（它們正在影響青少年的日常生活行為，特別是那些沒有發(fā)展出適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間管理技能的青少年。限制的方式可能并不完美，但它可以向青少年以及游戲公司傳遞正確的信息，這些公司正在利用技術(shù)讓用戶越來越深入地使用他們的產(chǎn)品。）”可推斷，作者對中國的游戲限制持支持態(tài)度。故選C。34．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Workinginaneducationorganization,Ihavenoticedteacherswhosuccessfullyusegamingintheircourses.（在一家教育機(jī)構(gòu)工作時(shí)，我注意到一些老師成功地在他們的課程中使用了游戲。）”可知，電子游戲可以變成教學(xué)工具。故選A。35．B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Thereismuchwecanlearnfromthegamingworld.Learningcanbeagameinawaytoguidestudentstowardsuccessifwedesigneducationprogramstoleadstudentsthroughlevels,fromeasytochallenging.Studentsshouldbeprovidedopportunitiestofailinasafeenvironmentandgainvaluableexperienceforgrowth.（我們可以從游戲世界到很多東西。在某種程度上，學(xué)習(xí)可以成為一種引導(dǎo)學(xué)生走向成功的游戲，如果我們設(shè)計(jì)的教育項(xiàng)目能夠引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過從容易到有挑戰(zhàn)性的關(guān)卡。學(xué)生應(yīng)該有機(jī)會在安全的環(huán)境中失敗，并獲得寶貴的成長經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）”可推斷，作者寫本文的目的是提出能引導(dǎo)學(xué)生往有益的方向發(fā)展的游戲的新方法。故選B。三2021-2022學(xué)年福建省寧德市同心順聯(lián)盟校高一上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題Haveyoueverwonderedifyouseethesamecoloursasotherpeople?Mostpeopleknowwhatblueiswhentheyseeit.Theycallit"blue”becausetheyweretaughtthewordandconnecteditwithwhattheysaw.Buthowdoyouknowwhatyouseeasblueisn'tsomeoneelse'sred?Theabilitytoperceive（感知）differentcoloursisuptoreceptors（接受器）inoureyes.Lightwaveshitthesereceptorsandtheyreactdependingonwhichcolourthelightis,sendingsignalstothebrain.Thebrainthenreadsthesesignalstodeterminewhichcolourlighttheeyesarereceiving.Somepeople'sreceptorsaremoredevelopedthanothers.Theinabilityofthereceptortofeelthelightwavescorrectlymeansthatsomepeoplecannottellthedifferencesbetweensimilarcolours.Thosewithmoredevelopedreceptorscanseemorecolours.Wesometimeshearpeoplehavinganargumentaboutwhethersomethingisdarkblueorblack.Itmightbebecauseonepersonhasstrongerreceptorstofeelthelightthananother.Inthepast,mostscientistswouldarguethateveryonesawcoloursinthesameway.However,researchwasconductedonmonkeys,inwhichtheirreceptorswerechanged.Thisenabledthemtoseemorecoloursthanusual.Normallymonkeyscanonlyseeblueandgreen,butthechangeallowedthemtoseered.Theirbrainsautomaticallygotusedtonewcolours.Thissuggeststhatourbrainsmayfindnewcolorsofthethingswesee.Colourscouldbeaverypersonalexperience,uniquetoeveryone.So,thenexttimeyoutalkaboutyourfavouritecolour,justrememberifyoursisblueandyourfriendsaysred,youtwomightactuallybethinkingaboutthesamecolour.Whatifeveryoneintheworldhasthesamefavouritecolour,butjustcallsitdifferentnames?12．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Howweperceivecolours. B．Theinabilitytoseecolours.C．Whatthebraindoeswithsignals. D．Theconnectionbetweenreceptorsandlightwaves.13．Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Somepeoplecannotfeelcolourswiththeirdevelopedreceptors.B．Themorelightpeoplefeel,theweakerreceptorstheyhave.C．Peoplewithpoorreceptorsusuallyhavecolourweakness.D．Peoplewhohavestrongreceptorscanseedarkblue.14．What'sthepurposeofconductingtheresearchonmonkeys?A．Totestthemonkeyswithcolours. B．Todevelopthereceptorsofhumans.C．Toenablemonkeystofindmorecolors. D．Toproveeveryoneseescoloursinadifferentway.15．Wheredoesthetextprobablyefrom?A．Afilmreview. B．Asciencemagazine.C．Anartjournal. D．Abusinessnewspaper.【答案】12．A13．C14．D15．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人眼分辨顏色背后的科學(xué)。12．A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“Theabilitytoperceive（感知）differentcoloursisuptoreceptors（接受器）inoureyes.Lightwaveshitthesereceptorsandtheyreactdependingonwhichcolourthelightis,sendingsignalstothebrain.Thebrainthenreadsthesesignalstodeterminewhichcolourlighttheeyesarereceiving(感知不同顏色的能力取決于我們眼睛里的感受器。光波擊中這些感受器，感受器根據(jù)光的顏色做出反應(yīng)，向大腦發(fā)送信號。然后大腦讀取這些信號，以確定眼睛接收到的是哪種顏色的光。)”可知本段主要講我們?nèi)绾胃兄煌念伾９蔬xA。13．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thosewithmoredevelopedreceptorscanseemorecolours.(受體更發(fā)達(dá)的人能看到更多的顏色。)”可知受體發(fā)達(dá)的人能看見更多的顏色，由此可推知受體不發(fā)達(dá)的人看到的顏色少，可能存在辨別色彩的障礙。故選C。14．D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段首句“Inthepast,mostscientistswouldarguethateveryonesawcoloursinthesameway.(在過去，大多數(shù)科學(xué)家會認(rèn)為每個(gè)人看到顏色的方式都是一樣的。)”及后面的轉(zhuǎn)折“However,researchwasconductedonmonkeys,inwhichtheirreceptorswerechanged.Thisenabledthemtoseemorecoloursthanusual.Normallymonkeyscanonlyseeblueandgreen,butthechangeallowedthemtoseered.”然而，在猴子身上進(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們的受體發(fā)生了變化。這使他們能比平時(shí)看到更多的顏色。通常猴子只能看到藍(lán)色和綠色，但這種變化讓它們看到了紅色?？芍昂笠馑际窍喾吹?，即對猴子進(jìn)行研究的目的是證明每個(gè)人看顏色的方式不一樣。故選D。15．B【解析】推理判斷題。本文第一段以一個(gè)例子發(fā)問引出接下來文章要討論的主題，故第二段首句“Theabilitytoperceive（感知）differentcoloursisuptoreceptors（接受器）inoureyes.(感知不同顏色的能力取決于我們眼睛里的感受器。)”是本文主題，主要講感知色彩和眼中接收器的關(guān)系，故本篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在科普雜志上。故選B。四2021-2022學(xué)年福建省福州市協(xié)作體四校高一上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenthinkthatmoreismorewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金）(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbeingadoctor）.Forweeks,I’vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewithneed,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,pletelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.11．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter. B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries. D．Earnmoreandspendmore.12．WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A．Savingupforherholiday B．RaisingmoneyforapoorgirlC．Addingthemoneytoherfund D．Givingthemoneytoasickmother13．WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A．Totryoutanidea B．Toshowaparent’sloveC．Totrainhisattention D．Tohelphimstartahobby14．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TakeItorLeaveIt B．ALessonfromKidsC．LiveMorewithLess D．ThePleasureofGiving15．Whichadjectivedoyouthinkcanbestdescribetheauthor？A．brave B．wiseC．confident D．easygoing【答案】11．A12．C13．A14．C15．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文，文章講述作者引導(dǎo)孩子主動捐獻(xiàn)玩具，并從玩耍簡單玩具中獲得快樂的做法。11．A【解析】詞句猜測題。第一段中“Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongings?(當(dāng)涉及到孩子和他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)時(shí)，為什么我們經(jīng)常認(rèn)為moreismore？)”是描述“我們”對孩子和他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)的認(rèn)識；第一段最后一句“ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless(好消息是我可以幫助自己的孩子比我更早的時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)如何用更少的錢生活得更精彩)”是對其的回應(yīng)。再結(jié)合文中第三段的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)句：Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?(幾個(gè)星期以來，我一直在思考更大、更深入的問題:我們?nèi)绾巫屗蔀樗麄兊牧?xí)慣?我們?nèi)绾斡?xùn)練自己來幫助他們用更少的需要和更少的使用來生活?)”可知，本文提倡簡單法則，即用的少，卻更好地享受生活，而“我們”認(rèn)為moreismore，即Themore,thebetter.（越多越好）。故選A項(xiàng)。12．C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(當(dāng)我們答應(yīng)把錢存入她的基金時(shí)，她選擇了賣掉一些不太常用的大物件)”可知，承諾把錢加入她的基金使得Georgia同意賣掉她的一些物品。故選C項(xiàng)。13．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.(昨天，我和我的兒子Shepherd坐在一起，決定測試一下我自己的理論。我決定只和他玩一個(gè)玩具，只要它能保持他的興趣。)”可知，作者和兒子Shepherd一起玩是為了嘗試一個(gè)想法。故選A項(xiàng)。14．C【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.(好消息是我可以幫助自己的孩子比我更早的時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)如何用更少的錢生活得更精彩)”可知，作者想教會孩子howtolivemorewithless，第二、三段是描述作者的嘗試，所以文章是圍繞用簡單的東西得到更多的快樂這一主題。故選C項(xiàng)。15．B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenthinkthatmoreismorewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.(成年人理解被物品淹沒的感覺。為什么我們總是認(rèn)為孩子和他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)越多越好呢?好消息是，我可以幫助我自己的孩子比我更早地學(xué)會如何用更少的錢生活。)”及文章內(nèi)容可知，人們并不是擁有得越多就越好，但是在處理涉及孩子及其財(cái)產(chǎn)時(shí)卻認(rèn)為越多越好，作者在孩子很小的時(shí)候就灌輸用更少的物品活出更精彩的生活的觀念，由此可推知，作者是明智的。故選B項(xiàng)。五2021-2022學(xué)年福建省南安市柳城、南安高一上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考英語試題Itmightsoundunbelievable,butmindcontroltelevisioncouldsoonbeeareality.Thistechnologycouldonedayreplacetheremotecontrol.Whentestingtheprototype,theuserswereabletooperateaheadsetthatallowedthemtooperateitandchoosewhattheywantedtowatchbyconcentrating.Thedevicecanknowwhatyouwanttowatchbyreadingthechangesinbrainactivity.CyrusSaihan,headofBusinessDevelopmentatBBCDigital,saidthetechnologywasstillatanexperimentalstage.WritinginaBBCblog,hesaidanexperimentwithtenmembersfoundtheycouldallusetheheadsettostartwatchingaprogram.Hecontinued,“Youcanimagineaworldwhereinsteadofhavingtogetupfromyoursofaorreachforyourremotecontrol,youjustthink‘putBBC1on’whenyouwanttowatchTV.Imaginesittinginyourcarandthinking‘IwanttolistentoRadio4’andhearingtheradiostationeon.Perhapsyouwouldbeabletojustthink‘givemethelatestnews’,andthengetservedwithasetofnews.”ButMr.Saihanadded,“It’simportanttoknowthatit’sveryearlydays,andwhilethedevicesarestillimproving,whattheycandoisstillquitebasic.Hopefully,itgivesanideaofhowaudiencesofthefuturemightbeabletocontroldevicessuchasTVsjustusingtheirbrain.”Itishopedthatthesystemcouldbeusedtohelpthosewithdisabilitiesinthefuture.12．Whatdoweknowaboutmindcontroltelevisionfromthetext?A．Itisstillattheteststage. B．Itisjustinpeople’smind.C．Ithasbeearealityalready. D．Ithasbeenwellreceivedbycustomers.13．Whatwasaheadsetintendedtodointhetest?A．Toreadtheusers’minds. B．Tochangethechannelsbyitself.C．Tocausechangesinpeople’sbrains. D．Toremindtheusersoftheprograms.14．WhatdoesCyrusSaihanmainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?A．Theusersofthenewtechnology. B．Themarketforthenewtechnology.C．Thenewtechnologyusedinthecars. D．Theconvenienceofthenewtechnology.15．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Mr.Saihanshowslessinterestinthetechnology.B．ThetechnologycanonlybeappliedinTVs.C．Thedisabledmaybenefitfromthetechnologyinthefuture.D．Thetechnologywillimprovethedevelopmentofbrains.【答案】12．A13．A14．D15．C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了精神控制電視可能很快就會成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有一天可能會取代遙控器。文章介紹了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢以及未來的發(fā)展方向。12．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itmightsoundunbelievable,butmindcontroltelevisioncouldsoonbeeareality.Thistechnologycouldonedayreplacetheremotecontrol.(這聽起來可能難以置信，但精神控制電視可能很快就會成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有一天可能會取代遙控器)”以及第二段中“CyrusSaihan,headofBusinessDevelopmentatBBCDigital,saidthetechnologywasstillatanexperimentalstage.(BBCDigital業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展主管CyrusSaihan表示，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)仍處于實(shí)驗(yàn)階段)”可知，精神控制電視目前仍處于測試階段。故選A。13．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whentestingtheprototype,theuserswereabletooperateaheadsetthatallowedthemtooperateitandchoosewhattheywantedtowatchbyconcentrating.Thedevicecanknowwhatyouwanttowatchbyreadingthechangesinbrainactivity.(在測試原型時(shí)，用戶可以通過耳機(jī)來操作，并通過集中注意力來選擇他們想看的節(jié)目。該設(shè)備可以通過讀取大腦活動的變化來知道你想看什么)”可知，在測試中耳機(jī)的作用是讀懂用戶的想法。故選A。14．D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“WritinginaBBCblog,hesaidanexperimentwithtenmembersfoundtheycouldallusetheheadsettostartwatchingaprogram.Hecontinued,“Youcanimagineaworldwhereinsteadofhavingtogetupfromyoursofaorreachforyourremotecontrol,youjustthink‘putBBC1on’whenyouwanttowatchTV.Imaginesittinginyourcarandthinking‘IwanttolistentoRadio4’andhearingtheradiostationeon.Perhapsyouwouldbeabletojustthink‘givemethelatestnews’,andthengetservedwithasetofnews.”(他在BBC的博客中寫道，他對10名成員進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都可以使用耳機(jī)開始觀看節(jié)目。他繼續(xù)說道：“你可以想象這樣一個(gè)世界，當(dāng)你想看電視時(shí)，你不用從沙發(fā)上起來，也不用伸手去拿遙控器，你只要想‘打開bbc1頻道’就行了。想象一下，你坐在車?yán)?，想著“我想聽?廣播”，然后聽到廣播電臺的聲音。也許你只要想想‘告訴我最新的消息’，就能得到一系列的消息?！?”可知，第三段主要談?wù)摿诵录夹g(shù)的便利。故選D。15．C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Itishopedthatthesystemcouldbeusedtohelpthosewithdisabilitiesinthefuture.(人們希望這個(gè)系統(tǒng)將來可以用來幫助那些殘疾人)”可推知，殘疾人將來可能從這項(xiàng)技術(shù)中受益。故選C。六2021-2022學(xué)年山東省菏澤市高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題Plantsdon'tbleedredandscreamthewayantelopes(羚羊)dowhenlionsbitethem,buttheyoftendieallthesameiftheycan'tdefendthemselves.AstudybyresearchersatMissouriandtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaprovesthatplantsnotonlyknowwhenthey'rebeingeaten,butthattheycantellseveraldifferentinsectsapartevenwhentheycatatthesametime.Appelandhercoauthors-JackSchultz,aUniversityofMissouriresearcherwholedthestudy,andJoergBohlmann,aUniversityofBritishColumbiaresearcherwhoperformedgenetic(基因的)studies,alongwithsixothers-plantedArabidopsisseedsinalabandallowedthemtogrowtoasizethatcaterpillars(毛毛蟲)andwormslove.Thentheylettheinsectseattheplants.Plantslosewaterandtissueand,worse,mightgetinfected(感染)withsomesortofbacteria,butgenerallytheylivetoseeanotherday.Theresearchersfoundthattheplantsproducedchemicalsthatgavethemtheunpleasantsmellstodrivetheinsectsaway.Moreover,thereweredifferentgeneticresponsestoeachworm,showingthattheplantactuallyknewwhatwaseatingthem.Thestudy,financedbytheNationalScienceFoundationandpublishedinthejournalFrontiersinPlantScience,wasn'tcarriedoutforcharity.Arabidopsisisanimportantplantthatcanbringinalotofmoneyforfarmers.Thiscouldallowagriculturalistswhogrowanddesigncashcropstogivethemtheskillstodriveofffarmpests(害蟲).“Ifwewanttogrowplantsthatcankeepinsectsaway,”Appelsaid,wemightaswellfindouthowtheyrespondtodifferentinsectsthatfeedonthem.12．Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A．PlantscanknowwhichinsectsareeatingthemB．NewplantshelpfarmersearnmoremoneyC．ScientistsfoundanewwaytogrowplantsD．Scientistsfoundplantscouldprotectthemselves13．Howdoplantsprotectthemselves?A．Bychangingtheirgenes. B．Byproducingspecialchemicals.C．Byloosingwaterandtissue. D．Bytellingwhoiseatingthem.14．Whatshowsthatplantsknowwhoiseatingthem?A．Plantshavedifferentgeneticreactions.B．Plantsproducethesamechemicals.C．Plantshaveskillstodriveofffarmpests.D．Plantscantellseveraldifferentinsectsapart.15．Theresultofthestudycanbehelpfulto________A．protectarareplantfromdyingout B．dealwithpestsC．todesignanewkindofinsect D．raisemoneyforcharity【答案】12．A13．B14．A15．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了植物可以知道哪些昆蟲正在吃它們并通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其機(jī)制。12．A【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AstudybyresearchersatMissouriandtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaprovesthatplantsnotonlyknowwhenthey'rebeingeaten,butthattheycantellseveraldifferentinsectsapartevenwhentheycatatthesametime.(密蘇里州和英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)的研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究證明，植物不僅知道它們什么時(shí)候被吃掉，而且它們甚至能在同一時(shí)間分辨出幾種不同的昆蟲)”及全文可知，文章介紹了植物可以知道哪些昆蟲正在吃它們并通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其機(jī)制。由此可知，“Plantscanknowwhichinsectsareeatingthem(植物可以知道哪些昆蟲正在吃它們)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A。13．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersfoundthattheplantsproducedchemicalsthatgavethemtheunpleasantsmellstodrivetheinsectsaway.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些植物產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)使它們散發(fā)出難聞的氣味來趕走昆蟲)”可知，植物通過生產(chǎn)特殊化學(xué)品保護(hù)自己。故選B。14．A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Moreover,thereweredifferentgeneticresponsestoeachworm,showingthattheplantactuallyknewwhatwaseatingthem.(此外，對每一個(gè)蠕蟲有不同的遺傳反應(yīng)，這表明植物確實(shí)知道是什么在吃它們)”可知，植物有不同的遺傳反應(yīng)表明植物知道誰在吃它們。故選A。15．B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thiscouldallowagriculturalistswhogrowanddesigncashcropstogivethemtheskillstodriveofffarmpests.(這可以讓種植和設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的農(nóng)民獲得趕走農(nóng)場害蟲的技能)”可知，研究結(jié)果對害蟲防治具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。故選B。七2021-2022學(xué)年山東省煙臺市高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題Germany’stopcourthasruledthatpartsofthecountry’s2019climate(氣候)actionlawmustbechangedbecausetheydon’tdoagoodjobofprotectingyoungpeople.Theresultisabigvictoryforthenineyoungpeoplewhostartedthelawsuing(訴訟).Thecourtsuingstressesanimportantpartoftheclimatechange:Thechangewillimpactgreatlyonyoungpeoplefarmorethantheadults.That’sbecausetheeffectsofearthwarmingwillbeemoreseriousovertime.Asyoungpeoplebeeadults,they’llbelefttodealwithmanyproblemsthattoday’sadultshaveignored.Thegovernment’sfailuretoplancarefullywasputtingtheirfuturelivesindanger.In2019,Germanypassedanewlaw,promisingthatthecountrywouldbecarbonneutral(碳中和