職業(yè)發(fā)展、未來規(guī)劃和創(chuàng)新意識【精講精研+拓展延伸】高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 閱讀一遍過

話題九職業(yè)發(fā)展、未來規(guī)劃和創(chuàng)新意識第一部分話題詞匯積累單詞&短語1._____________n.牙科醫(yī)生；牙科診所2._____________n.編輯；編者；社論撰寫人3._____________n.預(yù)算；開支1._____________n.(組織或機(jī)構(gòu)中)部、系、科5._____________n.離開；出發(fā)；起程6._____________v.賺；掙；獲利；掙得；掙錢7._____________adj.有彈性的；靈活的8._____________adj.渴望的；熱切的9._____________adj.隨和的；不嚴(yán)肅的；悠閑的10._____________n.經(jīng)濟(jì)；經(jīng)濟(jì)情況；經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)11._____________adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的，實惠的，節(jié)約的12._____________v.強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀13._____________adj.受過良好教育的14._____________n.要素，基本部分；元素15._____________v.招待，款待；使歡樂16._____________adj.有效率的，高效能的17._____________n.環(huán)境；客觀環(huán)境；外界18._____________adj.最重要的，必不可少的19._____________v.使尷尬；使窘迫；使困惑；使為難20._____________n.鼓勵；鼓舞；激勵；促進(jìn)21._____________n.重大事件；比賽項目，體育比賽22._____________adj.精力充沛的23._____________v.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)充；擴(kuò)展；增大24._____________adv.最后，終于；終究25._____________n.工程師26._____________adj.令人愉快的，有樂趣的27._____________n.證據(jù)；證明；跡象；明顯28._____________n.雇傭，工作29._____________adj.情感上的；有感染力的；感性的30._____________adv.全部地，完全地31.eruptv._____________32.estimatev._____________33.excludev._____________34.earningsn._____________35.ecologyn._____________36.editionn._____________37.emergev._____________38.emptyadj._____________39.enclosev._____________40.encountervt._____________41.endlessadj._____________42.enhancev._____________43.enormousadj._____________44.enquiry/inquiryn._____________45.enterprisen._____________46.evaluatev._____________47.applicantn._____________48.certificaten._____________49.beenthusiasticabout_________________________50.beengagedin_____________________51.為……樹立榜樣________________________52.謀生__________________________53.在某人五十出頭的時候__________________________54.不緊張，放松，不急__________________________55.用……裝備……__________________________56.毫無例外__________________________57.不遺余力地做__________________________58.與……相等/平等；比得上；能勝任__________________________59.強(qiáng)調(diào)；重視__________________________60.結(jié)束，終止__________________________詞匯拓展1.equaladj.(大小、數(shù)量、價值等)相同的，同樣的；(力氣、勇氣、能力等)相當(dāng)?shù)?；能勝任的；能?yīng)付的n.同等的人；相等物v.(大小、數(shù)量、價值等)與……相等，等于；比得上；敵得過；導(dǎo)致；結(jié)果為【搭配】beequalto表示“等于”“能勝任”“能應(yīng)付”等，其中的to是介詞(其后接動詞時應(yīng)用動名詞)。equal意為“等于”“比得上”等，是及物動詞，不要受其形容詞用法的影響，在其后加介詞to。Theyareof________________height.他們一樣高。He_____________thejobofrunningtheoffice.他能勝任管理辦公室的工作。Sixtimeseight_____________forty-eight.6乘以8等于48。Noman_____________himinstrength.沒有誰的力氣比得上他。Letxbethe_____________ofy.假設(shè)x等于y。Noonecouldbehis_____________attellingastory.講故事沒有人比得上他。2.estimaten.(對數(shù)量、成本等的)估計；估價；估計的成本v.估價；估算Icangiveyouarough_____________oftheamountofwoodyouwillneed.我可以粗略估計一下你所需要的木材量。He_____________thespeedofthewindsfromthedegreeofdamage.他根據(jù)破壞的程度估算風(fēng)速。Itis_____________thattheprojectwilllastfouryears.據(jù)估計，這項工程將持續(xù)四年?！颈嫖觥縠stimate,assess,evaluate的區(qū)別estimate通常指由個人作出的主觀估價。猜測一個大概的數(shù)值，比如成本、數(shù)量等等。assess原義指為確定交多少稅而估計，引申指通過估價以便更好地利用。evaluate指使判斷絕對準(zhǔn)確，但多用于對人物的某方面的評價，很少用于評價某物的市場價值?；顚W(xué)活用一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個單詞或用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Shewasseventeenandshehadnoeducationo_____________r(employ).2.Heisengaged_____________thedevelopmentofanewgenerationofcomputer.3.Choosethehandyouoftenusesothatyoucanapplyit_____________(flexible).4.Onlywithahealthyandstrongbodycanwelivea_____________(energy)andvigorouslife.5.In1912women'sevents_____________(add),andthemodernOlympicprogrammebegantotakeshape.二、翻譯句子1.Shedidn'tfeelequaltoreceivingvisitors.________________________________________________________________2.雷鋒為我們樹立了全心全意為人民服務(wù)的榜樣。(set)________________________________________________________________3.只有當(dāng)你不遺余力時，你才能獲得大的成就。(sparenoeffort)________________________________________________________________4.人人都渴望成功，但成功只屬于努力奮斗的人。(eager)________________________________________________________________參考答案單詞&短語1.dentist2.editor3.budget4.department5.departure6.earn7.flexible8.eager9.easy-going10.economy11.economical12.emphasize13.well-educated14.element15.entertain16.efficient17.environment18.essential19.embarrass20.encouragement21.event22.energetic23.enlarge24.eventually25.engineer26.enjoyable27.evidence28.employment29.emotional30.entirely31.噴發(fā)；爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生32.估計，估算33.不包括，把……排除在外34.薪水；工資35.生態(tài)學(xué)36.版本37.浮現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)；興起38.空的；空洞的，無意義的39.圍??；裝入；附上40.vt.遇到，偶然碰到n.相遇，邂逅41.無止境的，無休止的42.提高，改進(jìn)，增強(qiáng)43.巨大的，龐大的44.詢問；調(diào)查45.事業(yè)，企業(yè)，公司；事業(yè)心46.評價，評估47.申請人48.證書49.對……熱情50.忙于，從事于51.setanexampletosb./setsb.anexample52.earna/one'sliving53.inone'searly50s54.takeit/thingseasy55.equipsb./sth.withsth.56.withoutexception57.sparenoeffortA(s)todo58.beequalto59.put/lay/stressemphasison60.bring/putanendto詞匯拓展1.equal;isequalto;equals;equals;equal;equal2.estimate;estimated;estimated活學(xué)活用一、1.employment2.in3.flexibly4.energetic5.wereadded二、1.她感到身體不適，不能會客。2.LeiFengsetanexampletousinservingthepeoplewithheartandsoul.3.Onlywhenyousparenoeffortcanyoumakegreatachievements.4.Allpeoplewereeagertosucceed,butitonlybelongstothosewhoworkhard.第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練（A）閱讀理解RecentdatareleasedfromtheDepartmentofLaborintheUSshowthatforthefirsttimein10years,womenmakeupmorethanhalf(50.04%)oftheworkforce.Manyhavecelebratedthismilestoneasproofthatwomenareinchingtowardequalityintheworkplace.Afterall,asymbolofwomen'sequalityinAmericahasalwaysbeenincreasedvialaborforceparticipation.Forwomenintoday'seconomy,however,increasedemploymentalsocarriesanincreasedburden.Womenearnless,havelessflexibilityintermsoftheirworkschedulestomeetcaretakingdemands,andaremorelikelytoexperiencediscriminationbasedongenderorsexualharassmentthantheirmalecounterpartsintheworkforce.Womenearnlessthanmeninnearlyeveryoccupationforwhichthereisavailabledata.Ifwedonothing,womenwillnotreacheconomicequalitywithmenuntil2059.Forwomenofcolor,itwilltakemorethanacentury:2130forblackwomenand2224forHispanicwomen(thosefromLatinAmerica).Thismeanswomenwillhavetoworklongerorholdmultiplejobstomakeendsmeetandtocarefortheirfamilies.Increasedemploymentamongwomenhasnottranslatedintolessworkathome.Manywomenintheworkforcearestillprimarilyresponsibleforthelion'sshareofhouseworkandcaretakingresponsibilitiescomparedwithmen.AnewstudybyOxfamAmerica-InstituteforWomen'sPolicyResearchfindsthatwomenintheUnitedStatesspend37%moretimeonhouseholdandcareworkthantheirmalecounterparts,limitingcareerchoicesandeconomicmobility,andaffectingtheiroverallhealthandwell-being.BlackandHispanicwomenspendnearlytwiceasmuchtimeonunpaidhouseworkandcaretakingdemandsastheirmalecounterparts.Muchhasbeenmadeaboutourstrongeconomyasmeasuredbyhowwellthestockmarketperformsandlowunemployment.There'snodoubttheincreaseinworkforceparticipationamongwomenwillhelpboostthisnarrative.However,itdoesnotmeanthatwomenaremoreeconomicallysecure.Intoday'seconomy,workingandmiddle-classfamiliescontinuetostrugglewithrisinghousingandhealthcarecosts,stagnantwagesandashifttoatechnology-driveneconomyfueledbyautomationandthelossofmanufacturingjobs.Thesetrendshaveanextremeimpactonwomen.12.Whyhavepeoplecelebratedwomen'stakingupmorethanhalfoftheworkforce?A.Becausewomenarelikelytoreplacemeninsomefields.B.Becausethatisthesymboloflaborforceparticipation.C.Becauseitindicatesmoreequalityforwomenatworkplace.D.BecausethedatawasreleasedfromtheDepartmentofLabor.13.ThenumbersinPara.3areusedtoemphasizethatA.women'sinequalityisahardnuttocrack. B.womenhavetobearanincreasedburden.C.womenearnlessthanmenineveryoccupation. D.womenofcolorseenohopetoreachequality.14.Whydoesn'twomen'semploymentmeanwomenaremoreeconomicallysecure?A.Manufacturingjobsareincreasedbyhigh-techautomation.B.Thetrendsintoday'seconomyareunfavourabletowomen.C.Economyismeasuredbytheperformanceofthestockmarket.D.Womenareresponsibleforrisinghousingandhealthcarecosts.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Women'sParticipationandEconomicgrowth.B.OverHalfofWomenHaveEnteredtheWorkforce.C.WomenSpendMoreTimeonHouseholdThanMen.D.Women'sIncreasedEmploymentCarriesIncreasedBurden.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章說明了美國勞工部最近公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，10年來女性首次占到勞動力的一半以上（50.04%）。許多人慶祝這一里程碑，認(rèn)為這證明了女性正在向職場平等邁進(jìn)。但是，對于當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)中的女性而言，就業(yè)增加也帶來了更大的負(fù)擔(dān)。文章就女性就業(yè)的增加是如何對女性產(chǎn)生更大負(fù)擔(dān)的這個問題進(jìn)行了具體的分析。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中RecentdatareleasedfromtheDepartmentofLaborintheUSshowthatforthefirsttimein10years,womenmakeupmorethanhalf(50.04%)oftheworkforce.Manyhavecelebratedthismilestoneasproofthatwomenareinchingtowardequalityintheworkplace.可知美國勞工部最近公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，10年來女性首次占到勞動力的一半以上（50.04%）。許多人慶祝這一里程碑，認(rèn)為這證明了女性正在向職場平等邁進(jìn)。由此可知，人們慶祝女性占據(jù)了一半以上的勞動力，因為這表明女性在工作場所更加平等。故選C。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Womenearnlessthanmeninnearlyeveryoccupationforwhichthereisavailabledata.Ifwedonothing,womenwillnotreacheconomicequalitywithmenuntil2059.Forwomenofcolor,itwilltakemorethanacentury:2130forblackwomenand2224forHispanicwomen(thosefromLatinAmerica).Thismeanswomenwillhavetoworklongerorholdmultiplejobstomakeendsmeetandtocarefortheirfamilies.可知幾乎在所有有數(shù)據(jù)可查的職業(yè)中，女性的收入都低于男性。如果我們什么都不做，女性要到2059年才能實現(xiàn)與男性的經(jīng)濟(jì)平等。對于有色人種女性來說，這需要一個多世紀(jì)的時間：黑人女性要到2130年，西班牙裔女性要到2224年。這意味著女性將不得不工作更長時間或從事多份工作來維持生計和照顧家庭。由此可推知，第三段的數(shù)字是用來強(qiáng)調(diào)婦女的不平等是一個很難解決的問題。故選A。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Intoday'seconomy,workingandmiddle-classfamiliescontinuetostrugglewithrisinghousingandhealthcarecosts,stagnantwagesandashifttoatechnology-driveneconomyfueledbyautomationandthelossofmanufacturingjobs.Thesetrendshaveanextremeimpactonwomen.可知在今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，工薪階層和中產(chǎn)階級家庭繼續(xù)掙扎于不斷上漲的住房和醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、停滯不前的工資、向由自動化推動的技術(shù)驅(qū)動型經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變以及制造業(yè)工作崗位的流失。這些趨勢對女性產(chǎn)生了極端的影響。由此可知，女性的就業(yè)并不意味著她們在經(jīng)濟(jì)上更有保障，因為當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢對婦女不利。故選B。15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中Forwomenintoday'seconomy,however,increasedemploymentalsocarriesanincreasedburden.可知然而，對于當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)中的婦女來說，就業(yè)增加也帶來了更大的負(fù)擔(dān)。結(jié)合文章說明了美國勞工部最近公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，10年來女性首次占到勞動力的一半以上（50.04%）。許多人慶祝這一里程碑，認(rèn)為這證明了女性正在向職場平等邁進(jìn)。但是，對于當(dāng)今經(jīng)濟(jì)中的女性而言，增加就業(yè)也帶來了更大的負(fù)擔(dān)。文章就女性就業(yè)的增加是如何對女性產(chǎn)生更大負(fù)擔(dān)的這個問題進(jìn)行了具體的分析。由此可知，D選項“婦女就業(yè)增加，負(fù)擔(dān)加重”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。（B）閱讀理解Arobotwithasenseoftouchmayonedayfeel“pain”,bothitsownphysicalpainandsympathyforthepainofitshumancompanions.Suchtouchy-feelyrobotsarestillfaroff,butadvancesinrobotictouch-sensingarebringingthatpossibilityclosertoreality.Sensorssetinsoft,artificialskinthatcandetectbothagentletouchandapainfulstrikehavebeenhookeduptoarobotthatcanthensignalemotions,AsadareportedFebruary15attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.Thisartificial“painnervoussystem,”asAsadacallsit,maybeasmallbuildingblockforamachinethatcouldultimatelyexperiencepain.Suchafeelingmightalsoallowarobotto“sympathize”withahumancompanion’ssuffering.Asada,anengineeratOsakaUniversity,andhiscolleagueshavedesignedtouchsensorsthatreliablypickuparangeoftouches.InarobotsystemnamedAffetto,arealisticlookingchild’shead,thesetouchandpainsignalscanbeconvertedtoemotionalfacialexpressions.Atouch-sensitive,softmaterial,asopposedtoarigidmetalsurface,allowsricherinteractionsbetweenamachineandtheworld,saysneuroscientistKingsonManoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Artificialskin“allowsthepossibilityofengagementintrulyintelligentways”.Suchasystem,Asadasays,mightultimatelyleadtorobotsthatcanrecognizethepainofothers,avaluableskillforrobotsdesignedtohelpcareforpeopleinneed,theelderly,forinstance.Butthereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenarobotthatrespondsinapredictablewaytoapainfulstrikeandarobotthat’sabletocomputeaninternalfeelingaccurately,saysDamasio,aneuroscientistalsoattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Arobotwithsensorsthatcandetecttouchandpainis“alongthelinesofhavingarobot,forexample,thatsmileswhenyoutalktoit,”Damasiosays.‘It’sadeviceforcommunicationofthemachinetoahuman.”Whilethat’saninterestingdevelopment,“it’snotthesamething”asarobotdesignedtocomputesomesortofinternalexperience,hesays.36．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“painnervoussystem”?A．ItisnamedAffettobyscientists. B．Itisasetofcomplicatedsensors.C．Itisabletosignaldifferentemotions. D．Itcombinessensorsandartificialskin.37．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“converted”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Delivered. B．Translated. C．Attached. D．Adapted.38．WhatdoesDamasioconsiderasaninterestingdevelopment?A．Robotscansmilewhentalkedto.B．Robotscantalktohumanbeings.C．RobotscancomputeinternalfeelingsD．Robotscandetectpainsandrespondaccordingly.39．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．MachinesBecomeEmotional B．RobotsInchtoFeelingPainC．HumanFeelingsCanBeFelt D．NewDevicesTouchYourHeart【答案】36．D37．B38．D39．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了機(jī)器人觸摸傳感技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使能感受“疼痛”的有觸覺機(jī)器人正在成為可能。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Sensorssetinsoft,artificialskinthatcandetectbothagentletouchandapainfulstrikehavebeenhookeduptoarobotthatcanthensignalemotions,AsadareportedFebruary15attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfo