2024版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時質(zhì)量評價10Unit4HistoryandTraditions新人教版必修第二冊

課時質(zhì)量評價(十)必修第二冊UNIT4主題語境：重大政治、歷史事件，文化淵源Ⅰ．閱讀理解A(2023·珠海模擬)Anindividualfromanunknownhominid(原始人類)specieswalkedacrossafieldofwet,volcanicashinwhatisnowEastAfricaaround3.66millionyearsago,leavingbehindahandfuloffootprints．Thosefiveancientfootprints,largelyignoredsincetheywerepartlyunearthedatTanzania'sLaetolisitein1976,showfeaturesofuprightwalkingbyahominid,anewstudyfinds．Researchershadpreviouslyconsideredthemhardtoclassify,possiblyproducedbyayoungbearthattookafewstepswhilestanding．Butthelatestanalysisrefutesthatsuggestion．McNutt,DeSilva,whostartedthenewinvestigationasaDartmouthCollegegraduatestudent,andtheircolleaguesfullydugoutandcleanedthefiveLaetolifootprintsinJune2019．Thentheymeasured,photographedand3-Dscannedtheancienttracks．McNutt'sgroupfocusedontwofootprintsthatwereparticularlywell-preserved．Footshapes,sizes,andwalkingcharacteristicsoftheLaetoliindividualdifferedinvariouswaysfromthoseofotherhominidindividualsatthesamesite．Theprintsalsodidn'tmatchthosefrommodernblackbearsandmodernchimps(黑猩猩)walkingupright．TheLaetoliindividualpossessedawider,morechimplikefootthanhumans,theresearcherssay．Itsbigtoestuckoutslightlyfromthesecondtoe(腳趾),butnottothedegreeobservedinchimps．Ononestep,theLaetoliindividual'sleftlegcrossedinfrontoftherightleg,leavingaleftfootprintdirectlyinfrontoftheprevioustrack．Peoplemaycross-stepinthiswaywhentryingtoregainbalance．AndbearsandchimpsassumearelativelywidestandingduetokneeandotherbonearrangementsthatpreventthemfromwalkingliketheLaetoliindividualandprobablyfromcross-stepping,thescientistssay．Giventhatonlytwooftheancientfootprintsarecompleteenoughtoanalysethoroughly,thepossibilitythatachimpotherthanahominidmadetheLaetolifootprintscan'tberuledout,saysWilliamHarcourtSmith,ascientistatLehmanCollege．Butevidenceofcross-steppingisenoughtoprovethatitwasahominidtrackmaker,hesays．1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“refutes”inParagraph2mean?A．Objectsto． B．Supports．C．Putsforward． D．Criticises．2．Whydoresearchersthinkthefootprintswereunlikethoseofbearsorchimps?A．Theyarelesschimplike．B．Theyhavetoesstickingout．C．Theyshowrelativelywidestanding．D．Theypossessfeaturesofcross-stepping．3．WhatdoesWilliamthinkofthenewresearchfinding?A．It'sconvincing．B．It'schallenging．C．It'sconfusing．D．It'sconflicting．4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Todescribeamajorevent．B．Toshareanewdiscovery．C．Tointroduceanunknownspecies．D．Tosettleahugedisagreement．B(2022·郴州一模)Achild'stoothdiscoveredfromaFrenchcavehasrevealedtheearliestevidenceofhumans—Homosapiens(智人)—livinginwesternEurope．ThediscoveryofthemolarfromGrotteMandrininsouthernFrance,alongwithhundredsofstonetoolsdatingbackabout54，000yearsago,suggeststhatearlyhumanslivedinEuropeabout10，000yearsearlierthanarchaeologistshadpreviouslythought．What'smore,theHomosapiens'toothwassandwichedbetweenlayersofNeanderthalremains,showingthatthetwogroupsofhumanscoexistedintheregion．ThesefindingschallengetheopinionthatthearrivalofHomosapiensinEuropecausedtheextinctionofNeanderthals,wholivedinEuropeandpartsofAsiaforabout300，000yearsbeforedisappearing．“We'veoftenthoughtthatthearrivalofmodernhumansinEuropeledtotheprettyrapiddeathofNeanderthals,butthisnewevidencesuggeststhatboththeappearanceofmodernhumansinEuropeanddisappearanceofNeanderthalsismuchmorecomplexthanthat，”saidstudycoauthorChrisStringer,aprofessorandresearchleaderinhumanevolutionattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon．It'sthefirsttimearchaeologistshavefoundevidenceofalternating(交替)groupsofHomosapiensandNeanderthalslivinginthesameplace,andtheytookturnsrapidly,evenabruptly,atleasttwice,accordingtothestudythatpublishedinthejournalScienceAdvancesonWednesday．Previously,thearrivalofearlyhumansinEuropewasdatedtobetween43，000and45，000yearsago,accordingtoremainsfoundinItalyandBulgaria—notlongbeforethelastsurvivingNeanderthalremainsdatingback40，000to42，000yearsagowerefound．HumansandNeanderthals,whoweknowfromgeneticanalysisencounteredoneanotherandhadbabies,resultinginNeanderthaltracesinourDNA,overlapped(重疊)foramuchlongerperiodinEurope,thisstudysuggests．5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“molar”mean?A．Cave． B．Tooth．C．Stone． D．Human．6．What'sthepreviousopinionaboutNeanderthals?A．Neanderthalscoulddatebackto300，000yearsago．B．NeanderthalsoncelivedinEuropeandAfrica．C．HomosapiensandNeanderthalsoncelivedtogether．D．HomosapiensledtothedisappearanceofNeanderthals．7．WhatcanbeinferredfromChrisStringer'swords?A．PeopleshouldanalysethelossofNeanderthalscarefully．B．ModernhumansinEuropeledtothedeathofNeanderthals．C．HomosapiensinEuropemadeNeanderthalsextinct．D．Thenewevidenceshowstheprocessofhumanevolution．8．WhatcanwelearnaboutHomosapiensandNeanderthalsfromthelastparagraph?A．Theylivedinthesameplaceatthesametime．B．Theytreatedeachotherastheenemies．C．Theyhadsomesortofcomplicatedrelations．D．TheylivedinItalyandBulgaria40，000to42，000yearsago．Ⅱ．應(yīng)用文寫作(2022·溫州一模)假定你是李華，即將參加學(xué)校舉辦的“用英語講好中國故事”英語演講比賽。命題演講環(huán)節(jié)要求你介紹一道中國美食。請你寫一篇演講稿。內(nèi)容包括：1．菜品介紹；2．制作過程。注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右；2．可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課時質(zhì)量評價(十)Ⅰ．A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)五個古代腳印顯示出原始人直立行走的特征。1．A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞上句“Researchershadpreviouslyconsideredthemhardtoclassify,possiblyproducedbyayoungbearthattookafewstepswhilestanding．”可知，上文介紹了研究人員對腳印來源的推測，他們認為腳印可能是由一只站著走了幾步的小熊產(chǎn)生的，再結(jié)合畫線單詞所在句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“But”可知，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且根據(jù)第三段中的“Theprintsalsodidn'tmatchthosefrommodernblackbearsandmodernchimps(黑猩猩)walkingupright．”可知，研究證明這些腳印與現(xiàn)代黑熊的腳印不匹配，由此可知，畫線單詞所在句指的是“但最新的分析駁斥了這一說法”，“Objectsto”意為“反對，不贊成”，能夠表達畫線單詞在句中所要表達的意思。故選A。2．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ononestep,theLaetoliindividual'sleftlegcrossedinfrontoftherightleg,leavingaleftfootprintdirectlyinfrontoftheprevioustrack．Peoplemaycross-stepinthiswaywhentryingtoregainbalance．AndbearsandchimpsassumearelativelywidestandingduetokneeandotherbonearrangementsthatpreventthemfromwalkingliketheLaetoliindividualandprobablyfromcross-stepping,thescientistssay．”可知，這些腳印呈現(xiàn)出人們試圖恢復(fù)平衡時所進行的交叉步行走，而熊和黑猩猩無法交叉步行走，因此，研究人員認為這些腳印不同于熊或黑猩猩的腳印，由此可知，研究人員認為這些腳印不同于熊或黑猩猩的腳印是因為這些腳印具有交叉步的特點。故選D。3．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thosefiveancientfootprints,largelyignoredsincetheywerepartlyunearthedatTanzania'sLaetolisitein1976,showfeaturesofuprightwalkingbyahominid,anewstudyfinds．”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這五個古代腳印顯示出原始人直立行走的特征；再結(jié)合最后一段中的“Butevidenceofcross-steppingisenoughtoprovethatitwasahominidtrackmaker,hesays．”可知，威廉認為交叉步的證據(jù)足以證明五個古代腳印是原始人直立行走留下的足跡，由此可知，威廉認為新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)是很有說服力的。故選A。4．B寫作意圖題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段中的“Thosefiveancientfootprints,largelyignoredsincetheywerepartlyunearthedatTanzania'sLaetolisitein1976,showfeaturesofuprightwalkingbyahominid,anewstudyfinds．”可知，文章主要介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)五個古代腳印顯示出原始人直立行走的特征，由此可知，這篇文章的寫作目的是分享一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明智人的到來并未直接導(dǎo)致尼安德特人的消失，智人和尼安德特人有某種復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。5．B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞上文“Achild'stoothdiscoveredfromaFrenchcavehasrevealedtheearliestevidenceofhumans—Homosapiens(智人)—livinginwesternEurope．”可知，從法國的洞穴發(fā)現(xiàn)的是一顆兒童牙齒，由此推知，下文中的molar指的就是這顆牙齒，“Tooth”意為“牙齒”，能夠表達畫線單詞在句中所要表達的意思。故選B。6．D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThesefindingschallengetheopinionthatthearrivalofHomosapiensinEuropecausedtheextinctionofNeanderthals,wholivedinEuropeandpartsofAsiaforabout300，000yearsbeforedisappearing．”可知，以前的觀點是智人在歐洲的到來導(dǎo)致尼安德特人滅絕。故選D。7．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，克里斯·斯特林格表示，新證據(jù)表明，現(xiàn)代人在歐洲的出現(xiàn)和尼安德特人的消失都要比我們認為的復(fù)雜得多，所以，從克里斯·斯特林格的話中可以