中考英語復習學案-非謂語動詞專題梳理

中考英語復習學案--非謂語動詞專題梳理牛津譯林九年級上冊非謂語動詞專題梳理非謂語動詞專題

一．非謂動詞概述：

非謂語動詞，即在句子中不作謂語的動詞，其具體形式分：不定式，動名詞，分詞三種。

二．非謂語動詞的共性特征：

1.沒有單、復數(shù)變化和人稱變化（因為不作謂語）；

2.仍然具有動詞本身的特點：可以帶賓語、狀語；可以有自己的時態(tài)、（被動）語態(tài)變化；可以構(gòu)成非謂語動詞短語（即不定式短語、動名詞短語、分詞短語）。

3.非謂語動詞的否定形式：其結(jié)構(gòu)形式無論是單一結(jié)構(gòu)還是復合結(jié)構(gòu)，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如：

a.

Not

knowing

a

right

address,

he

couldn?t

find

his

friend?s

home.

b.

I?m

so

sorry

not

to

have

told

you

about

him

a

little

earlier.c.

Not

swimming

in

the

river

in

summer

is

good

for

you.

4.非謂語動詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)（即邏輯主謂關(guān)系）：

a.It’s

very

important

for

me

to

learn

English

well

now.

b.Do

you

mind

my

opening

the

window,

please?

c.There

being

no

classes

today,

we

don’t

go

to

school.Because

there

are

no

classes

today,

…….一、動詞不定式知識點1：動詞不定式的基本形式基本形式肯定：todo否定：nottodo例：Herefusedtodoextrawork.他拒絕做額外的工作。Myteacheradvisedmenottostayuplate.我的老師建議我不要熬夜。知識點2：動詞不定式的用法1)用作主語(todosth.+be…)例：Toseeistobelieve.(眼見為實；百聞不如一見)翻譯：盡全力處理這些問題是我們的責任。Itisourduty______________________theseproblems.2)用作表語(主語+be+todosth.)動詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：例：=1\*GB3①最好的方法是加入一個英語俱樂部。Thebestwayis_________________________.=2\*GB3②第一件事是認真聽老師講。Thefirstthingis_______________________________.注意：以goal,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名詞為中心的短語，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用,例如：Hisgoalistostudyabroadinthenearfuture．3)用作賓語(動詞+todosth.)(1)可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask,choose,agree)，期望決定學習(expect,hope,decide,learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer,pretend,know)，希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)，敢于計劃準備(dare,plan,prepare)，拒絕提供失敗(refuse,offer,fail)，覺得好像答應(yīng)（seem,promise）。如：=1\*GB3①我們決定談?wù)撘幌氯ツ睦锒燃佟edecided__________wheretogoforaholiday.=2\*GB3②他寧可吃白面包和米飯。Heprefers________whitebreadandrice.(2)動詞decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on...可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：=1\*GB3①我不知道把車停在哪里。Idon’tknow________________.=2\*GB3②他給出建議如何做。Hegivesadviceon____________.(3)動詞feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語——動詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是...feel/find/make/think...it+adj./n.+todo...如：例：我發(fā)現(xiàn)記住所有的很難。Ifind________________everything.4）用作定語（名詞/代詞+todo）例=1\*GB3①我今天有如此多的衣服要洗。Ihave________________today.=2\*GB3②我們沒有房子住。Wehave__________________.5）用作賓語補足語（動詞+賓語+todo）1.帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask,allow,advise)，期望邀請鼓勵(expect,,invite,encourage)，教導告訴想要(teach,tell,want)，等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：1)I’dinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.2)Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.2.動詞不定式作補語，在主動語態(tài)句里省略to，包括四“看”：lookat,notice,see,watch，三“讓”：have,let,make，二“聽”：hear,listento，一“感覺”：feel。如：1)Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited！2)WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek.3.help后接動詞不定式作補語，to可帶可不帶。1)TheycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.2)UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.6)用作狀語1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時常表示強調(diào)。如：1)為了趕上早班車，她起床非常早。____________________,shegotupveryearly.2)一群年輕人為了討論這個問題聚在一起。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogether_________________.3)她來到這座城市看望她的女兒。Shecametothiscity________________.2.原因狀語，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)我很幸運有這個機會。Ifeelverylucky__________.2)見到你很高興。Iampleased_____________.3.結(jié)果狀語，多見于“too...to”，“enoughto...”“onlyto…”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1)我太累了做不好這件事。I’m____________well.2)這個房間足夠大，能住三個人。Theroomis________________________.3)她迅速趕回家結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)她家的房子著火了。Shehurriedtoherhome_______________onfire.二、分詞知識點1：分詞分類分詞可分為兩類：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般表示主動和進行的意義如：thedevelopingcountries發(fā)展中國家（正在發(fā)展的）theboilingwater正開著的水過去分詞一般表示被動和完成的意義如：thedevelopedcountries發(fā)達國家（發(fā)展過的）theboiledwater開過的水知識點2：分詞用法成份形式主語賓語表語定語狀語補語現(xiàn)在分詞△△△△過去分詞△△△△1.作表語e.g.Thetopicisveryinteresting.Weareinterestedinthetopic.2.作定語e.g.Don’tdisturbthesleepingbirdsinthetree.ThemancalledJimismycousin.3.作狀語(1)分詞作時間狀語或原因狀語時，一般放在句首。e.g.Standinginfrontofsomanypeople,hecouldn’tsayawordatall.Askedtolookafterthebabies,Ihavetostayathomeandcan’tgowithyou.(2)分詞作方式狀語、伴隨狀語以及結(jié)果狀語時一般放在句末。e.g.Theysatinsofa,waitingfortheirmother.Thethiefranquickly,chasedbysomepolicemen.4.作補足語e.g.Helovesbirdsverymuchandlikeswatchingthemflyinginthesky.知識點3：分詞的構(gòu)成、特征及功能構(gòu)成特征和功能時態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式具有形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中作表語、定語、補語和狀語主動結(jié)構(gòu)被動結(jié)構(gòu)在分詞前加not分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞done三、動名詞知識點1.動名詞的用法1）作主語例：Runningismyfavouritesport.跑步是我最喜愛的運動。2）作賓語a.動詞后面加動名詞ing作賓語，即V.+doingsth.例：admitavoidkeepconsiderdelaypreventmisssuggestmind等b.詞組后接doing例：prefer...to...beusedto...devoteoneselfto...bebusy...It’sworth...等3）作表語例：Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.其他注意點：知識點1：it做形式主語,不定式做主語句型句型特點常用形容詞Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todosth.這里形容詞是對人的品質(zhì)、特征等的修飾、說明good,kind,nice,clever,right,careful,wise,foolish,selfish,careless,wrong,silly,generous句型句型特點常用形容詞Itis/was+adj.+forsb.todosth.這里的形容詞是對做的事的好壞等性質(zhì)的修飾、說明hard,difficult,easy,important,interesting,necessary,possible,impossible知識點2：動詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是nottodo...，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not/neverdo...如：例：1.Theydecidenottotalktoeachother.2.Hisparentstellhimnevertoplaysoccerinthestreet.知識點3：不定式做賓補在被動語態(tài)中還原to這些詞有一感(feel),二聽(listento;hear),三讓(let,make,have),四看(see,lookat,watch,notice)如：⑴seesbdosth→sbbeseentodosth(主動語態(tài)不含to，被動語態(tài)必須帶to。)⑵hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosth⑶makesbdosth→sbbemadetodosth⑷havesbdosth→sbbehadtodosth知識點4：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用法區(qū)別1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別區(qū)別例句現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動作和謂語動作之間是同時發(fā)生。Becarefuloftheboilingwater!過去分詞與被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，現(xiàn)已完成。Itisboiledwater,youcandrinkit.2.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補足語的區(qū)別常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念例句現(xiàn)在分詞一感；feel二聽：hear,listento三使：make,let,have四看：lookat,see,watch,notice主謂關(guān)系，謂語動作正在進行，尚未完成Isawherdancinginthemusicroomjustnow.過去分詞動賓關(guān)系，動作已經(jīng)完成，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)Wefoundourhometowngreatlychanged.3.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別與主語的邏輯關(guān)系例句現(xiàn)在分詞主謂關(guān)系Standinginthetopofthemountain,hecouldseethewholecityclearly.過去分詞動賓關(guān)系A(chǔ)skedtorememberthesong,Ihavetopracticereadingitagainandagain.知識點5：havesb.dosth.,havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的區(qū)別1.havesb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。例：Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵們讓這個男孩背對著他的父親站著。2.havesb.doingsth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替，現(xiàn)在分詞doing這個動作往往具有持續(xù)、進行的含義。例：Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那兩個人讓燈通宵亮著。3.havesth.done意為“讓某事被（別人）做”，即asksb.todosth.過去分詞(done)這個動作由他人（非主語本身）來完成，含有被動意義且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。例：1.Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司機每周讓人洗一次車。2.Myhairistoolong.I’llhaveitcuttomorrow.我的頭發(fā)太長了。明天我要請人理發(fā)了。知識點6：現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞的區(qū)別（選講）構(gòu)成特征和功能時態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式具有形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中作表語、定語、補語和狀語主動結(jié)構(gòu)被動結(jié)構(gòu)在其前加not現(xiàn)在分詞doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone動名詞具有名詞的作用，在句子中作主語、賓語、定語和表語【例題精講】1.----Wouldyouliketoplaytabletenniswithme?----Idon’tfeellikeit.Iwouldrather__________athomeandwatchTV.A.stay B.tostay C.staying D.stayed2.----IhopetotaketheDIYcourseatweekends.----Goodidea.______moreaboutit,visitthewebsite.A.Know B.Knew C.Knowing D.Toknow3.TheORBISdoctorsdideverything______thegirlwitheyeproblems.A.save B.saved C.tosave D.saving4.---Ayoungmanhasjustborrowed5,000,000yuanfromabanktobuyaflat.---Thatsoundscrazy.Hewillrisk______everythingallatonetime.A.lose B.losing C.tolose D.oflosing5.Jimhasgotabloodcancer.Let’s________somemoneyforhim.A.riseB.donateC.payD.raise6.Lifeisaboutwaitingfortherightmoment________,becauseeveryoneisinhisownTIMEZONE.A.actingB.toactC.actD.acts7.Youshouldbeconfidentenough_____aspeechinfrontofmanypeople.A.make B.made C.making D.tomake8.Andymadeabigbamboobox______thelittlesickbirduntilitcouldflyagain.A.keep B.kept C.keeps D.tokeep9.______virusesfromspreading,weshouldwashourhandsmoreoften.A.Stop B.Stopped C.Stopping D.Tostop10.WeChathasbecomeahotfreesoftware.Youcanoftenseepeople___withtheirfriendsoverWeChateverywhere.A.totalk B.talked C.talkD.talking11.---You’relateagain,Tom!---Sorry,Mr.Smith.Ipromise______latenexttime.A.nottobe B.notbe C.don’tbe D.won’tbe12.---What'sthemostimportantmorningnewsonCCTVtoday?---TheChinesegovernmentwarnedJapan______doharmtoChina'sterritorialsovereignty(領(lǐng)土主權(quán))oncemore.A.tonot B.notto C.didn't D.donot13._____theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.Tocomplete14.Mr.Chenspendsmoretimethanbefore______gameswithhischildafterwork.A.playing B.play C.played D.plays15.______youthetruth,sheknowsnothingaboutit.A.Tell B.Telling C.Told D.Totell16.---WhatdotheyoftengotoZhengheParkfor?---Thoseladies?Oh,theydancethere______healthy.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.tokeep17.---Whatbeautifulflowers!Ican’tdecide________formymom.---ForMother’sDay,itcan’tbebettertobuysomecarnations.A.whentochoose B.whichtochoose C.howtochoose D.tochoosewhat【答案】BADCDBDDDCABDADDB【變式練習】1.Mr.Zhangaskeduswhenweshouldgotodanceclasses.（改為簡單句）Mr.Zhangaskedus________________gotodanceclasses.2.Maryisverybusy.Shedoesnothaveanytimeforsocialactivities.（合并為一句）Maryis________busy________haveanytimeforsocialactivities.3.Mr.Jiangadviseduswhichweshouldchooseasourafter-schoolactivities.（改為簡單句）Mr.Jiangadviseduswhich________________asourafter-schoolactivities.4.Amyisverycareful.Shenoticessmallchangesaroundher.（合并為一句）Amyiscareful________________noticesmallchangesaroundher.5.Wewouldratherwalkaroundthansitinthesofaaftersupper.（保持句意基本不變）We________walkingaround________sittinginthesofaaftersupper.【答案】whento；tooto；whichto；enoughto；preferto課堂練習()1.Ourcountryencouragesmorestudentsfootball.Nowmanyfootballclubshavebeensetupinschools.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.willplay()2.Ourteacheroftenadvisesusthehabitofmakingnoteswhilereading.A.todevelopB.developC.todevelopingD.developing()3.—Younevermissoneminuteinclass.—Youknow,wemustlistentotheteachercarefully.A.takenotesB.takingnotesC.totakenotesD.takesnotes()4.Let'sanoise.Someoneissleeping.A.notmakeB.nomakingC.nottomake()5.Wefeellikesomefoodanddrinkbecausewe'llinvitesomefriendsinaparty.A.buying;tojoinB.tobuy;joiningC.buying;join()6.TheSmithshavedecidedahousenearthesea.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy()7.Joiningasummercampisagreatchancefreetimewithyourfriends.A.spendB.spendingC.tospend()8.Ihopeeveryonecancareabouttheenvironmentandstopthings.A.protecting;wastingB.protecting;towasteC.protect;wastingD.protect;towaste()9.Thoughsheoftenmakesherlittlebrother,shewasmadebyhimthismorning.A.cry;tocryB.tocry;cryC.cry;cry()10.—Wouldyouliketogoswimmingintheriver,John?—Swim?Sorry,ourteachersalwaystellusintheriveralone.A.don'tswimB.tonotswimC.notswimmingD.nottoswim()11.—Myuncleisagainstwastinganything.—Nowonderhewouldrathertheoldbikethananewone.A.repair;tobuyB.torepair;buyC.repair;buyD.torepair;tobuy()12.ThebossaskedTimtogoandoutiftherewasanyoneelseabsent.A.findB.findingC.tofindD.found()13.YoushouldaskBobhisownclothes.Heistenyearsoldnow.A.washB.washesC.washingD.towash()14.Brucepracticesbasketballeverydaysothathecanbeabetterplayer.A.playB.toplayC.playing()15.Itisnecessaryforusstudentsthelisteningability.A.toimproveB.improvingC.improveD.improves【答案】1-5：CACAA6-10：DCAAD11-15：CADCA課后鞏固一、單選()1.Therewassomuchnoiseoutsidethattheteachercouldn'tmakeherself.A.hearB.heardC.tohearD.hearing()2.Itriedtomakethebabybysinging,andthatworkedwellatlast.A.tostoptocryB.tostopcryingC.stoptocryD.stopcrying()3.Aftershefinishedthestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading()4.Ican'ttellyouwhatshesaid.I'vepromiseditasecret.A.keepB.tokeepC.keepingD.kept()5.—Doesheneedthereatonce?—No,heleavesohurriedlybecausehehasenoughtime.A.togo;doesn'tneedB.go;needn'tC.togo;needn't()6.—Therearesomeboysbasketballoverthere.—Let'sgoandjointhem.A.areplayingB.playingC.toplay()7.—ItriedtomakeAlicehermindbutIfounditdifficult.—Well,IsawyouthatwhenIwentpast.A.changed;doB.changes;doingC.change;todoD.change;doing()8.IwantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingofferedmetowatchanopera.A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.taking()9.Myparentsdon'tallowmelate.A.stayupB.tostayupC.staysupD.stayingup()10.LeonardoDiCaprio,afamousAmericanactorwasalwaysexpectinganOscarandfinallyhemadeit.A.towinB.winningC.nottowinD.notwinning()11.A.gettingB.togetC.gotD.get()12.—Hi,Mr.Zhang,doyouoftencomeheretoclimbthemountain—Yes,exercise.Yousee,I'mhealthierthanbefore.A.togetB.gettingC.getD.gets()13.Tom,pleaserememberthelightwhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.turningoffC.toturnoff()14.—I'llhaveaten-dayholiday.ButIdon'tknow.—HowaboutParis?AwhattodoB.wheretogoC.whentogo()15.—Helen,thanksforme.—Mypleasure.A.helpB.tohelpC.helping()16.—HaveyoureadthebookJaneEyre?—Yes.It'safamousbookandreallyworth.A.toreadB.readingC.tobereadD.read()17.Whenyouaretired,inthecountrysideisawonderfulexperience.ArelaxingB.relaxedC.relaxD.relaxes()18.—Mr.Ling,Ihavesomedifficultythearticle.—Rememberitthreeorfourtimesatleast.A.tounderstand;readingB.understanding;readingC.understanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toread()19.It'sourdutyourhometowncleanandbeautiful.Wemustdosomethingforit.A.keepingB.keepsC.tokeep()20.Afterdinner,heusedtocomputergames,butnowhegetsusedto.A.play;walkB.playing;walkingC.play;walking()21.—Whatwouldyouliketodotorelaxyourself?—Ipreferbasketballratherthanmagazines.A.playing;readingB.toplay;toreadC.play;readD.toplay;read()22.—Ialwayscan'thelpTVplayswithmymobilephonewhenI'mstudy—It'snotagoodhabit.Youaresupposedtoit.A.watching;correctingB.watch:correctC.watch;correctingD.watching;correct()23.Howkindyouare！Youalwaysdowhatyoucanothers.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp()24.Thefridgedoesn'twork,whynotconsideranewone?A.buyB.boughtC.tobuyD.buying()25.BadLuck.Themoviestarhadherlegwhileplayingapartinthemovie.A.tobreakB.breakingC.breakD.broken【答案】1-5：BDDBC6-10：BDCBA11-15：BACBC16-20：BACCC21-25：DDDDD二、英語書面表達專項訓練2．假如你是陽光中學的李華，你校成功舉辦了“中華詩詞朗誦比賽”，請用英語寫一篇短文，介紹活動情況并呼吁更多的人參與這樣的活動。內(nèi)容要點如下：時間地點5月23號下午；學校禮堂?；顒咏榻B每學期舉辦一次。今年又大獲成功。同學們的精彩表現(xiàn)得到了大家的高度評價。八年級的王麗獲一等獎。她極具朗誦天賦。每位獲勝者贏得一張免費書展的票。呼吁參與的理由......(自擬1到2點）注意事項：（1）須包括所給內(nèi)容要點，要求語句通順、行文連貫作、適當發(fā)揮；（2）詞數(shù)在80個左右，文稿的開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；參考詞匯：中華詩詞朗誦比賽ChinesePoetryRecitingCompetition;表現(xiàn)performance;高度評價thinkhighlyof;朗誦recite;天賦gift;免費的freeI'mLiHuafromSunshineMiddleSchool.Ourschool...【答案】I'mLiHuafromSunshineMiddleSchool.OurschoolheldaChinesePoetryRecitingCompetitionontheafternoonofMay23rd.Itwasheldintheschoolhall.Thecompetitionisheldeverytram.Thisyearitwasabigsuccessagain.Alltheteachersandstudentsthoughthighlyofthestudents'wonderfulperformances.WangLifromGrade8wonthefirstprize.Shehasarealgiftforreciting.Eachwinnerwonafreeticketforthebookshow.IhopemorepeoplewilltakepartinthisactivityandenjoythebeautifulChineseculture【解析】【詳解】本題是一篇給材料作文，介紹“中華詩詞朗誦比賽”活動情況并呼吁更多的人參與這樣的活動。短文用第一人稱和第三人稱，還會用到被動語態(tài)的句子。寫作思路：考生需要首先審清主題，圍繞主題展開作文，其次考生可根據(jù)表格中的要點提示去寫作。文章必須包括要點中所給的信息，但不要逐句翻譯，并補充兩條個人的觀點。在寫作過程中，要注意句與句、段與段之間的過渡，必要時可適當運用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、比較等關(guān)系的連詞，使文章過渡平穩(wěn)，自然流暢；最后，要仔細檢查有無單詞拼寫錯誤、標點符號誤用等，還要檢查語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，有無重復、啰嗦的語言，大小寫是否正確，詞數(shù)是否符合要求等。3．隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展、人們消費觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變，購物方式也在悄然的發(fā)生變化?！熬W(wǎng)購”已成為一種時尚，越來越多的學生也加入到網(wǎng)購群體中。請你根據(jù)以下表格的提示，寫一篇網(wǎng)上購物的文章。優(yōu)點(advantage)1.不需要出門；節(jié)約時間；避免擁擠、勞累2.價格通常比較便宜3.可供選擇的范圍廣，品種多缺點(disadvantage)1.只看到圖片，看不到商品本身2.容易購買大量不太需要的東西，造成浪費你的觀點……提示詞匯：網(wǎng)購shoppingonline;商品goods;導致cause注意：1.所表述的內(nèi)容必須包含表格中的所有方面，可適當發(fā)揮；2.文中不能出現(xiàn)自己的姓名和所在學校的名稱；3.詞數(shù)：100詞左右，文章開頭已給出，但不計入總數(shù)。WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,manypeopleareusedtoshoppingonline.【答案】WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,manypeopleareusedtoshoppingonline.Ithasbecomefashionable.Someofusstudentsalsojointhegroup.Shoppingonlinehasmanyadvantages.Justwiththeclickofamouse,youcanbuywhatyou’reinterestedinwithoutgoingoutdoors.Youcanavoidgettingtiredandbeingtrappedinthecrowdsandsavealotoftime.Whenshoppingonline,youcanchoosefrommorevarietiesofgoods,whosepricesaregenerallylower.Everycoinhastwosides.Itsdisadvantagesareobvious,too.Ononehand,it’sveryeasyforyoutobuygoodsthataren’tlikethepicturesyouseeontheInternet.Ontheotherhand,shoppingonlinemaycausepeopletobuygoodsthatarenotbadlyneeded.That’sawasteofmoney.Allinall,Iloveshoppingonline.【解析】本文屬于材料作文，主要講述網(wǎng)購的優(yōu)點和缺點。根據(jù)要表達的內(nèi)容確定并準確運用時態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯，可適當增加內(nèi)容?！玖咙c說明】這是一篇優(yōu)秀的作文，很好的完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，語言表達符合英語習慣，準確運用時態(tài)、主謂一致，特別適用一些亮點詞句，如convenient，disadvantage，ingoodquality，figureout，havethechancetodo，beattackedby，ofcourse，takecareof等。增強邏輯關(guān)系，增加上下文意思連貫，用詞準確，句子通順，行文連貫。點睛：寫作時可以從以下幾個方面做起：認真審題。審好題是寫好書面表達的關(guān)鍵。審題時要注意試題的要求，抓住要點，詞數(shù)符合要求。構(gòu)思提綱。有了提綱，我們就可以根據(jù)提綱和主題確定相關(guān)的寫作材料。通常書面表達給出的話題是開放的，而具體的內(nèi)容要求學生自己發(fā)揮，因此選擇恰當?shù)乃夭囊彩鞘苟涛闹行耐怀?、明確的關(guān)鍵。初寫短文。一切都準備就緒，就可以動筆寫作了，在寫作的過程中我們要注意句子的準確性、連貫性以及簡潔性。使用的詞語、短語及句型盡量用自己有把握的詞。同時還要注意使用恰當?shù)倪B詞，使句子銜接自然。修改潤色。修改潤色是獲取高分的必要步驟。這一步我們除了檢查短文的各種錯誤外，還要檢查語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，有無重復、啰嗦的語言，大小寫是否正確，格式是否正確，詞數(shù)是否符合要求等。4．今年初《流浪地球》在中國火熱上映。影片故事設(shè)定在2075年，講述太陽即將毀火，已經(jīng)不適合人類生存，而面對絕境，人類將開啟“流浪地球”計劃，試圖帶著地球一起逃離太陽系，尋找人類新家園的故事。影片多次提到“希望”。比如，老師問:希望是什么?班長回答:希望是我們這個年代鉆石一樣的東西。你的筆友Demon觀看后，印象深刻，給你寫了一封郵件。請你根據(jù)郵件內(nèi)容結(jié)合你的情況，用英語回復。To:LiHua@China.comFrom:Demon@America.comSubject:ProblemsandhopeDearLiHua,Howareyou?Ihopeyouarewell.IhavewatchedamoviecalledWanderingEarth.IamdeeplymovedbythoseChinesepeoplewhonevergiveup.YouChinesearereallybraveandfullofwisdom.AsmyChinesepenpal,whatwillyoudowhenyoumeetdifficulty?Wouldyoupleasetellmethefollowingthings?Whatproblemsdoyouoftenmeetinyourschoollife?Howdoyouusuallysolveyourproblems?Whohasinfluencedyoumostinyourlifeandwhatdoyouthinkofhim/her?Whatdoyouthinkabouthope?Pleasewritebackandtellmeeverything.Bestwishes,Demon注意：1.詞數(shù)90左右，開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計入總詞數(shù);2.回復必須包括所有要點，可適當發(fā)揮，使短文連貫、通順;3.文中不得提及真實的人名、校名等相關(guān)信息。DearDemonI'mgladthatyoulikethefilm.Indeed,Ihavelearnedalotfromitaswell._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Pleasewritetomeandtellmeyourview.Yours,LiHua【答案】DearDemon，I'mgladthatyoulikethefilm.Indeed,Ihavelearnedalotfromitaswell.Inschool,Ialsoencountersomeproblems,thebiggestproblemishowtostrikeabalancebetweenstudyandlife.WheneverIwanttoplayanddon'twanttostudy,IwillthinkoftheChinesepeoplewhonevergiveupinthefilmwanderingEarth,whowillinspiremetostudyhard.Inlife,myEnglishteacherhasthegreatestinfluenceonme.WheneverIhaveagreatneed,myEnglishteacheralwayscomestohelpme.Sheisthepersonwhohelpsmethemostinmyjuniorhighschoollifeatthebeginningofthreeyears..Ilikeherverymuchandthankherevenmore.Ithinkhopeisthedrivingforceofall,aslongasthereishope,therewillbemotivation,itispossibletosucceed.Whatdoyouthink?Pleasewritetomeandtellmeyourview.Yours,LiHua【解析】【詳解】這是一篇書信作文。根據(jù)所給出的材料內(nèi)容可知文章時態(tài)主要用一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱主要用第一、第三人稱。首先要注意書信的書寫格式，要對來信中的問題作出全面的答復。同時在寫作時，注意連句成篇，保持文章的連貫性，要層次清楚，要點分明，中心突出。同時要注意語言的表述應(yīng)該符合語法的結(jié)構(gòu)，造句應(yīng)該符合英語的表達習慣；盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，最好不要寫太長的復合句；盡量選取簡單的易拼寫的單詞，確保正確率；詞匯、句式要豐富多樣，可以為文章增色添彩?！军c睛】首先認真審題，看清題目中的要求和要點；然后根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，列出寫作要點及每個要點中可能要用到的表達；然后緊扣要點，動筆寫作，在寫作過程中，要注意句與句、段與段之間的過渡，必要時可適當運用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、比較等關(guān)系的連詞，使文章過渡平穩(wěn)，自然流暢；同時注意語句要通順，詞匯書寫無誤，不要出現(xiàn)語法錯誤。最后要細心復核檢查，確保正確無誤。5．假如你是韓梅，你的一位英國筆友Kate發(fā)來電子郵件，說她下星期來中國，她向你詢問中國的餐桌禮儀。請你根據(jù)下面提示給她回一封電子郵件，告訴她有關(guān)情況。詞數(shù)80～100。提示：1.讓客人和長輩先吃每一道菜；2.不要用筷子敲碗；3.不要將手伸到飯桌對面夾菜；4.等大家都到齊了才開始吃；5.為主人的長壽、健康、成功干杯……Dearkate，I’mgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwanttotellyousomethingabouttheChinesetablemanners._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,【答案】DearKate,I’mgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwanttotellyousomethingaboutthechinesetablemanners.InChina.thehostorhostessdoesn’teateverydishfirstuntiltheguestsandeldersbegin.Youcan’ttapbowlswiththechopsticks.Youshouldn’treachacrossthetableorinfrontofsomeonetogetsomethingtoeat.Youcaneatuntileveryoneisatthetable.Besides,youshouldtoastlongevity,goodhealthorsuccessofthehostorhostess.WelcometoChina!Yours,HanMei【解析】【詳解】本文是書信寫作，注意書信寫作格式，開頭與結(jié)尾。把自己當做韓梅，切不可在文中出現(xiàn)自己的真實名字等信息。要求根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點來寫作。學生首先要認真閱讀材料中給出的短語及相關(guān)信息,認真審題,確定文章的中心。在寫作的文章具有一定的連貫性,還應(yīng)注意使用一些連接詞,使文章的表達更有邏輯性和條理性。寫作時還要注意:1.書寫規(guī)范；2.可適當加入細節(jié),使內(nèi)容充實,行文連貫；3.寫完后要認真檢查是否有漏寫要點,有無拼寫錯誤等。高分句型：InChina.在中國。thehostorhostessdoesn’teateverydishfirstuntiltheguestsandeldersbegin.在客人和長輩開始用餐之前，主人不會先把每道菜都吃完。Youshouldn’treachacrossthetableorinfrontofsomeonetogetsomethingtoeat.你不應(yīng)該越過桌子或在別人面前拿東西吃。Besides,youshouldtoastlongevity,goodhealthorsuccessofthehostorhostess.此外，你應(yīng)該為主人的長壽、健康或成功干杯?！军c睛】注意寫作過程中，將要點展開并表達清楚，注意使用英語的經(jīng)典句型,避免出現(xiàn)漢語表達。6．2018年11月15日泰州市召開了深化全國文明城市創(chuàng)建迎檢部署會，會上我市正式啟動了“泰有禮”全民主題實踐活動，形成崇德向善、文明有禮的道德風尚和城市標識，同時組織“泰有禮”志愿服務(wù)隊伍，圍繞“文明禮讓”“文明交通”“文明餐飲”“文明上網(wǎng)”等文明實踐活動，承擔起對市民日常行為進行勸導的責任。假如你是其中的一名志愿者，請根據(jù)以下提示寫一篇150字左右的英語短文。開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。(以上背景內(nèi)容無需表達)內(nèi)容提示：1.在家尊敬父母，幫助他們做家務(wù)活；2.出行時，排隊候車，不隨地吐痰、不亂扔垃圾；不在公共場所抽煙、喧嘩（比如在圖書館或博物館）3.誠實守信，不撒謊，不說臟話；4.對人有禮貌，幫助別人；坐車時請讓座給老人，殘疾人，尤其抱小孩的婦女；5.遵守交通規(guī)則，做到紅燈停，綠燈行；6.請你就此話題一點個人看法。要求：1.條理消楚，字跡工整：可圍繞主題適當發(fā)揮；2.文中不能出現(xiàn)考生的真實姓名、校名、地名成其他真實信息；Asamemberofthecity,Ithinkweshould______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’msureourcitywillbecomemoreandmorebeautifulandcleaneraslongaswealltryourbesttodosomethingforit!【答案】Asamemberofthecity,Ithinkweshouldrespectourparentsathome,andhelpthemwiththehousework.Whilewearetravelling,weshouldpayattentiontoourownbehavior,suchaswaitingforabusinline.Weshouldneverspitorlittereverywhere.What’smore,wecan’tsmokeortalkaloudinpublic,suchasinthelibraryorthemuseum.Duringourdailylives,weoughttobehonest,nevertellliesorsaybadwordsbecauseit’srudetoothers.Alsoweshouldbepoliteandhelpfultoothers.Whenweareonthebus,wecangiveourseatstotheol