高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句講義

語法之名詞性從句一．名詞性分類：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句二．引導(dǎo)詞的句法功能：引導(dǎo)的從句的語氣在從句中所作成分意思that陳述語氣//what疑問/陳述做主、賓、表、定語1.什么2....的...；who/whom疑問分別做主、賓語誰whose疑問做定語誰的which疑問做主、賓、表、定語哪一個(gè)when疑問做時(shí)間狀語什么時(shí)候where疑問做地點(diǎn)狀語哪里why疑問做原因狀語為什么how疑問做方式狀語怎樣/多么…whether/if疑問不做成分是否特殊情況：what表示陳述語氣時(shí)，根據(jù)句意有不同的翻譯，代指任何具體或抽象的人、事、物，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語it/that/thisiswhen….那就是…的時(shí)候it/that/thisiswhere…那就是…的地方it/that/thisiswhy….那就是…的原因it/that/thisishow…那就是…的方式注意：無論名詞性從句由什么引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，表示陳述語氣還是疑問語氣，語序一律用陳述語序（即：主謂語序不變，主語在前謂語在后）三．that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別區(qū)別方法：1.從句的語氣2.是否在從句中做成分3.是否翻譯四．名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞that的省略1.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)主語、表語、同位語從句時(shí)that不能省略2.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)一般可以省略，但在下面情況中不能省略：(1)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞帶了兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的表并列的賓語從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)that不能省略。(2)當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí),that不能省略。(3)前面有it形式賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。五．whether與if的區(qū)別：通用的情況：引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)區(qū)別：1.引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)，用whether不用if2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但從句是作介詞賓語時(shí)，用whether不用if3.與ornot連用時(shí)，用whether不用if4.與不定式搭配時(shí)，用whether不用if總結(jié)：考查whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別時(shí)，一般都是考查可以用whether不能用if的情況六.表示命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、建議的動(dòng)詞或名詞形式所帶的名詞性從句用虛擬語氣：should+do/bedone（should可以省略）一堅(jiān)持insist(堅(jiān)持)兩命令orderorder(命令)；mandmand(命令)；三要求requirerequirement(要求)；demanddemand(要求)；requestrequest(請(qǐng)求)四建議suggestsuggestion(建議)；adviseadvice(建議)；proposeproposal(建議)remendremendation(建議)；八．不要把定語從句和名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞的選擇相混淆區(qū)分依據(jù)：(1)引導(dǎo)詞的句法功能(2)翻譯that(1)定語從句：指代人/事/物；在從句中做主語/賓語(2)名詞性從句只起連接從句和主句的作用，表示從句為陳述語氣，不翻譯which(1)定語從句：指代事/物；在從句中做主語/賓語(2)名詞性從句：表疑問，在從句中做主語/賓語/表語/定語，意為“哪一個(gè)”who/whom(1)定語從句：指代人；在從句中做主語/賓語(2)名詞性從句：表疑問，在從句中做主語/賓語，意為“誰”when(1)定語從句：指代在先行詞表示的那個(gè)時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(2)名詞性從句：表疑問，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，意為“什么時(shí)候”where(1)定語從句：指代在先行詞表示的那個(gè)地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(2)名詞性從句：表疑問，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，意為“哪里/什么地方”why(1)定語從句：指代由于這個(gè)原因forthereason，在從句中作原因狀語名詞性從句：表疑問，在從句中作原因狀語，意為“為什麼”例句：引導(dǎo)詞的意義和句法功能1.Thattheyareintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.2.ThatyouareingtoLondonisthebestnewsIhaveheard.3.Itispossiblethathehasgoneback.4.Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchafinetalk.5.Hetoldus(that)hefeltill.6.Tomisaniceboyexceptthatheissometimeslateforschool.7.HethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidn’teyesterday.8.ThetroubleisthatIlosthisaddress.9.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.10.ThenewsthatMissJanewillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.11.Thisisouronlyrequestthatthisshouldbesettledassoonaspossible.12.Whatsheshouldprepareforlunchmakesher.13.Whatshedidisnotyetknown.14.Iwonderwhathewilltalkaboutnext.15.Wewilltryourbesttoofferyouwhatyouneed.24.Whowilltakechargeofthedepartmenthasn’tbeendecided.25.Itremainssecretwhohelpedtheoldman.26.Idon’tknowwhotookthebookaway.Idon'tknowwho/whomthebookwastakenawayby.27.Idon’tcarewhomarrieshim.28.Thequestioniswhobroughtuptheplan.29.Ourpuzzlementwaswholetoutthesecret.30.WhosespokenEnglishisthebestinterestseveryone.31.Doyouknowwhosebagitis?32.Theproblemiswhoseargumentisright.33.Whichsheshouldchoosefromthebeautifulhandbagspuzzlesher.34.Ijustwonderwhichoneismoresuitableforme.35.Wemustfindoutwhichisthestrongestmaterial.36.Whatweareinterestediniswhichpanyheisworkingfor.37.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.38.Whenthenewmanagerwillehasn’tbeenannounced.39.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.40.Myquestioniswhenyouwillpaymymoneyback.41.Ihavenoideawhenheleft.42.Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.43.Theproblemiswherewecanfindthelostchild.44.ThelittlechildaskshismotherwhereFatherChristmaslives.45.Pleaseanswermyquestionwhereyouwereatthatmoment.46.Whythatkindofwhaleisdyingoutarousespeople’sconcern.47.Idon’tunderstandwhyyouspeaktoyourfatherthatway.48.Thisiswhyheislate.49.Pleasetellmehowyoumadeit.50.Idon’tcareatallhowyouwillexplainthemattertoyourparents.51.WhatIwanttoknowishowtheysucceeded.52.Whethersheisingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.53.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.54.Theyasksmethequestionwhethertheworkisworthdoing.55.Iwentinandaskedif/whethertheyhadacheapsuit.56.Hefeelsfaint.Itisbecausehehasworkedhardtoolong.疑問詞ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句57.Whicheveroneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.58.Whoeverbreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.59.Youwillofferthejobtowhoevermeetsthebasicdemands.60.Youcantakeawaywhateveryoulike.61.Idon’tbelievewhateverhesaid.62.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoosewhicheversuitsyoubest.特殊情況：（what表陳述語氣的用法見上面例句）1.Isawhimthreeyearsago,andthatwaswhenIhadameetinginBeijing.2.Thisusedtobeaschool,anditwaswhereIstudiedwhenIwasamiddleschoolstudent.3.Thatwaswhyhetoldalie.4.Thatishowhedealwiththeproblem.that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別(見上面例句及下面例句)1.Thatcustomsdiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferences.2.Whathecouldn’tunderstandwaswhytheyarguedagainsthim.3.Yesterday,IfindJoeydrivinghiscardownthestreetatwhatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.4.That’swhatheworriedabout.5.Payattentiontowhattheteacherissaying.6.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tewasthathewasill.whether與if的區(qū)別：1.Iwonderif/whetherthewaywearewalkingisright.2.Whetherthemeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.3.Theproblemiswhetherhelovesher.4.Hehasnoideawhetherheshouldsendthemthatemail.5.Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.6.Idon’tcarewhetherornotyouwillaccepthisinvitation.7.Idon’tknowwhethertogothere.名詞性從句練習(xí)題1.Wehaven’tdiscussedyet_____________wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.2.___________somepeopleregardasadisadvantageisseenasanadvantagebymanyothers.3.It’snousehavingideasonly.Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou___________anideaisturnedintoanact.4.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thave_________wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.5.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew___________shewassoangry.6.Itisuncertain___________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.7.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof____________mykidswillneedfortheingseason.8.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis_____________shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.9.Whenchanginglanes(車道),adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow______laneheisentering.10.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis___________heneverfinishesanything.11.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______________she’llacceptit.12.Thevillagershavealreadyknown_____________we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.13.I’dliketostartmyownbusinessthat’s____________I’ddoifIhadthemoney.14._____________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness15.Itwasneverclear____________themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.16.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout____________heistryingtoexpress.17.Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious____________theproblemitselfis.18.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteach___________theycanreadfast.19.Whenthenewscame____________thewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.20.Itisstillunderdiscussion___________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.21.Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof__________othersactuallyunderstand.22.Itisnotclear______________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.23.Itdoesn'tmatter_____________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.Thenoticecameintheafternoon_____________themeetingwouldbeputoff.Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but___________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Itdoesn'tmatter_________youturnrightorleftatthecrossingbothroadsleadtothepark.27.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn'tmatter___________youlivethereforashortoralongtime.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthementbutfelt__________hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.29.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim____________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.30.Scientistsstudy______________humanbrainsworktomakeputers.31.___________makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.32.Expertsbelieve_______peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.33.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell____________closeyoumaybetovictory.It’sgoodtoknow_____________thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.35.___________yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthepany.36._____IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.37.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_________youarebetterthananyoneelse.38.____________struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.39.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis____________aboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.40.Itisdifficultforustoimagine___________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.41.Ithink_____________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.42.IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?Yeah,butIhavenoidea____________hedidit;that’shisfavoriteuniversity.43.Grandmapointedtothehouseandsaid,“That’s______________Iwasborn.”44.____________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.45.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas___________hescoredthewinninggoal.46.Somepeoplebelieve____________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.47.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis__________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.48.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing____________you’reafraidtodo.49.Exactly____________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.50.Itneveroccurredtome__________youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.51.Policehavefound_____appearstobethelostancientstatue.52.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknow__________ittakestostartabusinesshere.Itremainstobeseen___thenewlyformedmittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.54.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children'searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.55.Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee______useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.56.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.57.Larryisoftenabsentfromschool,isn’the?Yes.That’s____________heisinbadhealth.58.Sheisnolonger___________sheusedtobetenyearsago.59.__________hesaidisofgreatimportancetousall.60.Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.Oh,thatwasprobably____________Iwasseeingthedoctor.61.Suddenlythethoughtcametome___________hecouldmusthavetoldalieaboutit.62.___________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.63.HemadeasuggestionthattheEnglishtest_____________________(putoff)untilnextWednesday.64.___________Ican’tunderstandis__________shewantstochangehermind.65.Americais_________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.66.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___________youleftit.67.Didyouhearthenewsthismorning?Oh,yes,_____________wasannouncedontheradiohascausedgreatexcitementamongthepupils.68.____________hisdreamofgoingtocollegewilletrueisuncertain.69.__________isimportanttoapersonis__________hemustknowwhatheisfitfor.70.Youdon’tknow__________busywewerethosedays.71.Thereisapopularbeliefamongparents_________schoolspaynoattentiontohandwriting.72.___________shesaidsuggestedthatshehadn’tdecided__________togoornot.73.Hemadeapromise__________hewouldmakeanyonerichwhosethimfree.74.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand______mademattersworsewas______nightbegantofall.75.Afterfivehours’drive,theyreached____________wastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.76.Determinationisakindofbasicqualityandthisis__________ittakestodojobswell.77.DoyoumindifJimwilletohelp?Ireallydon’tknow___________apersonlikehimcanhelpmewith.78.One’sworthliesnotsomuchin_________hehasbutin__________hedoes.79.Atlastthesoldiersreached__________thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.80.Idon’tknow____________tojointhearmyortofinda