高中定語從句

TheAttributiveClause定語從句2021/5/91WhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses定語從句2021/5/92定語從句一、概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子.(在句子中作定語,相當(dāng)于adj.,翻譯成“…的”)

(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容詞作定語（聰明的男孩）句子作定語,修飾boy,叫做定語從句（擁有魔法的男孩）2021/5/93HarryPorterisaboy

whohasmagicpower.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why2021/5/94二、用法:Thesearethetrees

which/that

wereplantedlastyear.先行詞是人關(guān)系代詞:

whowhomwhosethat

which先行詞是物Thesearethestudents

who/that

wonthefirstplacelastyear.2021/5/95Haveatry指出關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主語賓語定語賓語2021/5/96主語賓語定語指人whothatwhomthatwhose（ofwhom）指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(ofwhich)指人和物thatthatwhose引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞2021/5/97

who,whom,whose,that用法區(qū)別.①who

作定語從句的主語或賓語,先行詞必須是人.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Theman

isspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主語2021/5/98②whom

作定語從句的賓語，先行詞也必須是人Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisit

thewoman.分解作賓語2021/5/99③that

可以作定語從句的主語和賓語.先行詞可以是人，也可以是物Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.2021/5/910④whose

作定語從句的定語.先行詞可以是人，也可以是物。Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定語2021/5/911※.that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。①先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時(shí)。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行詞為those,he和people時(shí)。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2021/5/912★.who和whom先行詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí)，只能用who2.先行詞在定語從句中做賓語時(shí)，可用who，也可用whom3.關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)只能用whom（=介詞+whom）2021/5/9132.which用法which

作定語從句的主語或賓語.先行詞是物。Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主語作賓語可省略2021/5/914關(guān)系副詞When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=for

which2.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語2021/5/915關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

ontheday=when=onwhichinthehouse=where=in

whichforthereasons=why=forwhich關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞2021/5/916定語從句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定語從句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定語從句2021/5/917限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別類別意義功能形式關(guān)系代詞限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句起限定作用。若省略，原句意義不完整。起補(bǔ)充說明作用。若省略，原句意義不受影響。修飾先行詞修飾先行詞/整個(gè)句子無逗號(hào)隔開有逗號(hào)與主句隔開1.有that2.作賓語時(shí)可以省略1.無that2.不可以省略2021/5/918當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容時(shí)。

Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.只用非限制性定語從句的情況：2021/5/919當(dāng)先行詞指的是世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物時(shí)。Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.只用非限制性定語從句的情況：2021/5/920先行詞是人名、地名、國名、建筑物等專有名詞時(shí)。YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.2021/5/921¤.注意：非限制性定語從句中，先行詞是reason,且先行詞在定語從句中做狀語時(shí)，用forwhich引導(dǎo)，不用why。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。2021/5/9223.在非限制性定語從句中，有時(shí)候根據(jù)句子的意思，常把some,any,all,both,many,most,either,neither等詞或分?jǐn)?shù)或百分比與ofwhom或ofwhich連用。2021/5/923Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomaregirls.他有五個(gè)孩子，兩個(gè)是女孩。比較：Hehasfivechildren,and

twoofthemaregirls.2021/5/924Therearemanyapples,noneofwhichisgood.有很多蘋果，沒有一個(gè)是好的。比較：Therearemanyapples,but

noneofthemisgood.2021/5/925●.幾種特殊先行詞的定語從句先行詞為reason1).如果reason在定語從句中做狀語，用why引導(dǎo)從句，也可用forwhicheg:Doyouknowthereason

why/forwhichheisalwayslateforschool?2021/5/9262).reason在定語從句中做主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which

引導(dǎo)定語從句eg:Thisisthereason

(that/which)

yougavetomeyesterday.eg:Thisisthereason

that/which

wasgiventomebyyouyesterday.2021/5/9272.先行詞是way1).way在定語從句中做方式狀語，用inwhich/that

引導(dǎo)定語從句或省略eg:Idon’tliketheway

（inwhich/that）youspeaktome.2021/5/9282).way在定語從句中做主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which

引導(dǎo)定語從句eg:Thisistheway

(that/which)

hewillusetosolvetheproblem.eg:Thisistheway

that/which

isusefultosolvetheproblem.2021/5/9293.先行詞是point,case,situation,stage,position等1).以上詞語在定語從句中做抽象的地點(diǎn)狀語，用inwhich/where引導(dǎo)定語從句或省略eg:Wewilldiscussanumberofcases

where/inwhichbeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.

2021/5/930eg:Heisinadangeroussituation

where/inwhichheislikelytolosethecontroloverhiscar.

eg:We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint

where/inwhichbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

2021/5/9312).以上詞語在定語從句中做主語或賓語時(shí)，用that/which

引導(dǎo)定語從句eg:Idon’tliketheposition

(that/inwhich)shegivestome.eg:Theydon’twanttogetintothe

situation

that/whichishardtocontrol.2021/5/932如何選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞1.首先分清主句和定語從句2.確定定語從句的先行詞3.把先行詞帶回到定語從句中去，看其在定語從句中做什么語法成分（主語，賓語，定語或狀語）4.若先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定語則選擇關(guān)系代詞，若在從句中做狀語，則選擇關(guān)系副詞。2021/5/933定語從句考點(diǎn)歸納1.that與which2.如何判斷介詞3.whose的使用4.as的使用5.when,where,why與that,which的區(qū)分6.定語從句中的動(dòng)詞的數(shù)2021/5/9341.that與which1.Nothing______canbedonehasbeendone.2.Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?thatthat先行詞是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that2021/5/9351.that與which1.ThisisthebestTV_______ismadeinChina.2.Thefirstmuseum_______hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.thatthat先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that。2021/5/9361.that與whichI’vereadallthebooks________youlentme.that先行詞被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語從句用that。2021/5/9371.that與which1.Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.2.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing______sufferspain,death,harm,etc.thatthat先行詞中既有人又有事物時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that.2021/5/9381.that與whichWho_______youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?thatWho做先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that2021/5/9391.that與which1.Whoistheperson_______youarelookingfor?2.Whichisthegirl_______youarejusttalkingabout?thatthat以who,which開頭的句子，用that,避免重復(fù)2021/5/9401.that與which1.Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhichwhom在介詞后面，指事物用which，指人用whom2021/5/941只能用which做關(guān)系代詞的情況在非限制性定語從句中在介詞后面先行詞是that2021/5/942２如何判斷介詞1）、看定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配Thisisthebook_____whichyouaskedfor注意：固定搭配不能拆開即介詞不能提前TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.2021/5/943固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前.常見的這類動(dòng)詞短語有:lookfor/after/forwardto,carefor(照顧，喜歡）hearof/about/from,takecareof等.2021/5/944MorePractice1.Doyouknowthegirl_____________________ourheadteacheristalking?2.Ican’tfindmydictionary___________Ipaidover$100.3.Thisisthegoodcar__________Ispentallmymoney.4.Sheistheteacher_________allhisstudentsshowrespect.5.Theteacher_____________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.talkingto/with/aboutthegirlto/with/aboutwhompay…forthedictionaryforwhichspendmoneyonthecaronwhichshowrespecttotheteachertowhomwaitingfortheteacherforwhom2021/5/945２如何判斷介詞2）看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks______whichIamnotveryfamiliar.with2021/5/946２如何判斷介詞3）、根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞搭配Thisisourclassroom,_______________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.inthefrontof2021/5/9471.Thisistheknife______________Iusuallycutmypencil.2.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun____________wegetheatandlight.withwhichfromwhich2021/5/948２如何判斷介詞4）、根據(jù)定語從句所表達(dá)的意義來確定

Air,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.Thepen_____whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.withoutwith

Thisistheman_____whommysonwassaved.by2021/5/9493Whose的使用whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示所屬關(guān)系Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whose2021/5/950Whose的使用Thereare20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.ThebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose2021/5/951注意：whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.先行詞是人用whom，先行詞是物用which（介詞后一定不能用who或that).2021/5/9524as的使用Theearthisround,______weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.as/whichAsIt定語從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,as具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的2021/5/953as的使用ThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書就是我丟的那本。thesame…as+從句:表示相似的東西thesame…that+從句：表示同一人或物2021/5/954as的使用Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asas這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句)thatthat這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語從句)2021/5/955as的使用1.Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,_____hasbeensaidbefore.

2___everyonehoped,Maryhaswonthefirstprize.whichAsas引導(dǎo)定語從句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which引導(dǎo)定語從句不能放在句首.as譯為正如，好像。，which則沒有此義。2021/5/9565when,where,why與that,

which的區(qū)分

１）I’llneverforgettheday_________wefirstmetinthepark.２）I’llneverforgetthetime___________Ispentwithyou.３）I’llneverforgetthetime__________wasspentwithyou.４）Thisisthemuseum_____________Ivisitedlastyear.whenwhich\thatwhich\thatwhich\that2021/5/9575when,where,why與that,

which的區(qū)分

Thisisthereason________

(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.Thereason__________shegavewasnottrue.why／that

which/that指時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。2021/5/9586定語從句中的動(dòng)詞的數(shù)Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho_______(have)gottheteacher’spraiseHeisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_______(have)gottheteacher’spraisehashave關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于先行詞2021/5/959由Who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語\賓語1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom2021/5/9604.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.

Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做賓語介詞提前時(shí)只能用whom2021/5/9617.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本國的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在句中做定語2021/5/96210、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.

whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when由Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在句中做主語\賓語介詞提前時(shí)只能用whichthat2021/5/96314.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything___