浙江省湖州市長(zhǎng)興縣2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》考前沖刺試題含解析

浙江省湖州市長(zhǎng)興縣2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》考前沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Ihadn’tevengotachancetoenterthestorebeforeanAfricanAmericanwomanapproachedmeandaskedifIwouldhelpherreturnanitem.Theitemshehad1wasintendedforherdaughter,butshehadalreadyreceiveda2one.Thelady3toexchangetheitemforsomethingelseinthestorebutshewastoldsheneededanID4thedealcouldnottakeplace.Iwenttothe5withthewomansowecouldusemyID．Thesalesassociateimmediatelystarted6herofaskingthefirst7personshesawtohelpher.Althoughthatwas8,Ididn’tunderstandwhyit9Afterall,noteveryoneisgiventheopportunityto10anIDinthiscountry.Then,weaskedtospeakwithamanager,whoexplainedthattherewasno11toreturntheitemwithoutareceiptandthenwentontosaythewomancouldnot12shepurchasedtheitem.“13I,ayoungwhitefemale,weretoenterthestoreandrequestyoutomakeanexchangewithoutareceipt,Iwouldnotbe14theprivilege—asIhaveprooffromthepast.”Isaid.Hemusthaverealizedatthatmomentwhathehaddone,becausehe15toexchangetheitem.Therearemanyvaluablelessonsinthestory.Thefirstistohelpastrangerinneed.I16whenthewomanaskedformyhelp,but17doIactuallyhave?”Ihadnone,soIhelpedher.Thesecondlessonisnottojudgeabookbyits18Thewomanlookedpoor,butshe19thesametreatmentasanyoneelsedoes.1、A．purchasedB．shownC．lostD．mended2、A．sameB．popularC．similarD．different3、A．managedB．wantedC．refusedD．promised4、A．forB．orC．a(chǎn)ndD．so5、A．counterB．departmentC．marketD．window6、A．warningB．informingC．remindingD．a(chǎn)ccusing7、A．fairB．familiarC．impossibleD．random8、A．wrongB．trueC．reasonableD．meaningful9、A．matteredB．happenedC．passedD．worked10、A．leaveB．payC．findD．obtain11、A．requestB．placeC．wayD．need12、A．a(chǎn)nswerB．proveC．supportD．a(chǎn)dmit13、A．UnlessB．AndC．InsteadD．If14、A．orderedB．a(chǎn)skedC．deniedD．given15、A．a(chǎn)greedB．preparedC．failedD．remembered16、A．struggledB．wonderedC．hesitatedD．nodded17、A．totallyB．graduallyC．hardlyD．quickly18、A．feelingsB．goalsC．reasonsD．ideas19、A．designB．coverC．contentD．price20、A．deservedB．requiredC．receivedD．a(chǎn)ppreciatedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text11、WhichofthefollowingpeopleshouldapplyforJobA?A．AnenergeticAmericangirlwith6yearsofexperienceinmarketing．B．AshyChinesegirlwhoisinterestedinmarketingandwillingtolearn．C．AnoutgoingShandongboywithinterestandexperienceinmarketing．D．AaggressiveAustralianmarketingmanagerwhowantstoworkinShanghai．2、WhichofthefollowingisamustforanapplicantforJobB?A．Aninternationalbackground．B．Adegreeinelectronics．C．Aninterestinmedicalequipment．D．Willingnessforanimmediateinterview．3、WhichjobissuitableforacollegedropoutwithagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese?A．JobA．B．JobB．C．JobC．D．JobD．Text2Aresearchhasshownthatnearly90percentoftrafficaccidentsarecausedbyhumanerrors.Soouraimisafullyautonomous(自動(dòng)的)carthatgetsridofthecauseofmostaccidents:thedriver.ResearcherHodgsonpointsout,“Forsafety,thefasteryoucanremovehumans,thebetter,evenifthereareunfortunatelyafewaccidentsfromnewcauses.It’saquestionofbalancingthenumberinjuredorkilledbyautonomousvehicleswiththepeoplewhoselivesarepotentiallysaved.”It’sanideathatElonMusk,chiefexecutiveofelectriccarcompanyTeslaMotors,haslongbelieved.Hiscompanyisdeterminedtobethefirsttodeliverafullyautonomousvehicletoconsumers.Lastyear,MuskannouncedthatTesla’s2019goalwas“todoanexampledriveoffullautonomyallthewayfromL.A．toNewYork，andhavethecarparkitself.However,evenTeslaadmitsthatthereareproblemstoovercome—thesoftwareneedsfurthervalidation(批準(zhǔn)生效)andtheappropriateregulatoryapprovalneedstobeinplace.Indeed,recentcrashesofTeslavehiclesandGooglecarsconfirmthatthesoftwareisn’treadyyet.TheUKgovernmentappearscommittedencouragingthedevelopmentofautonomousvehicles.It’ssupportingfourcitytrials,publishingtheModernTransportBilltoreduceredtapearoundtheirintroductionandadaptingthelegalsystemtotakeintoaccountproblemssuchasinsuranceliabilitywhenahumanisn’tincontrolofavehicle.Theinsuranceindustryissimilarlyeagertohelpincreaseautonomyincars.AstheAssociationofBritishInsurerspointsout,“Nearly90percentofroadaccidentsarecausedbyhumanerrors.”Thiscostsmotorinsurersashocking$20millionperdayinclaims.1、WhatdifficultydoesthecompanyTeslaMotorshave?A．Thecompanylacksconfidencetomakenewcreations.B．Newinventionsmaycausemoreinjuriesanddeaths.C．Thesoftwareshouldbemadeofficiallyacceptable.D．Thetrafficregulationhasprovedunreasonable.2、WhatistheUKgovernment’sattitudetoautonomouscars?A．Cautious. B．Positive.C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.3、Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Insurancecompanieswouldliketosupportautonomouscars.B．Humanmistakesmaybethekeycauseoftrafficaccidents.C．Trafficaccidentswasteinsurancecompaniesquitealot.D．Motoristsaresurprisedtohearaboutautonomouscars.4、Thepurposeofwritingthetextisto________.A．a(chǎn)musereaderswithfunnyexamplesB．showhisdeeploveforautonomouscarsC．introduceanewdevelopmentintechnologyD．provideapersuasiveargumentagainstautonomyText3Ascountlessunmadebedsandunfinishedhomeworkassignmentsprove,kidsneedrules.Yethowparentsmakedemandscanpowerfullyinfluenceachild’ssocialskills,psychologistsattheUniversityofVirginiarecentlyfoundaftertheconclusionofastudyinvestigatingthetransitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.Initially18413-year-oldsfilledoutmultiplesurveys,includingonetoassesshowoftentheirparentsemployedpsychologicallycontrollingstrategies,suchasinducingguiltorthreateningtowithdrawaffection.Thekidsrated,forexample,howtypicalitwouldbeforDadtosuggestthat“ifIreallycaredforhim,Iwouldnotdothingsthatcausedhimtoworry”orforMomtobecome“l(fā)essfriendlywhenIdidnotseethingsherway.”Theresearchersfollowedupwiththesubjectsatages18and21,askingtheyoungadultstobringalongaclosefriendand,later,aromanticpartneriftheyhadone.Thesepairswereaskedtoanswerhypothetical(假設(shè)的)questionsthatwerepurposefullywrittentoinspireadifferenceofopinion.“Wewantedtoseewhethertheycouldnavigateadisagreementinahealthyway,”saysstudyleaderBarbaraOudekerk,nowattheU.S.DepartmentofJustice’sbureauofstatistics.IntheOctoberissueofChildDevelopment,Oudekerkandhercolleaguesreportthatthe13-year-oldswhohadhighlycontrollingparentsstruggledinfriendlydisagreementsatage18.Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinionsinaconfident,reasonedmannerincomparisontothekidswithoutcontrollingparents.Andwhentheydidspeakup,theyoftenfailedtoexpressthemselvesinwarmandproductiveways.Theresearcherssuspectthatpushyparentsruintheirchild’sabilitytolearnhowtoarguehisorherownviewpointinotherrelationships.Althoughparentsdoneedtosetboundaries,domineeringstrategiesimplythatanydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself.Separatefindingssuggestthatparentswhoexplainthereasonsbehindtheirrulesandturndisagreementsintoconversationsleaveyoungstersbetterpreparedforfuturearguments.Theconsequencesoftenseordomineeringrelationshipsappeartogetworsewithtime.Thisstudyalsofoundthatsocialdifficultiesat18predictedevenpoorercommunicationabilitiesatage21.PsychologistShmuelShulmanofBar-IlanUniversityinIsrael,whodidnotparticipateinthework,thinkstheseconclusionsconvincinglyrevealhowrelationshippatterns“carryforward”intonewfriendships.1、Whatwillhappentotheteenagerswithpushyparents?A．Theylosesocialskills.B．Theyhavetroublepresentingopinions.C．Theyexpressthemselvesinanaggressiveway.D．Theyfailtoinspireadifferenceofopinion.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“domineering”inParagraph5mean?A．a(chǎn)lternativeB．conservativeC．powerfulD．forceful3、Itcanbeinferredfromthefindingsthatparentsshould.A．communicatewithchildrenwhensettingrulesB．learnnewwaystoestablishnewfriendshipsC．seekmorecontrollingstrategiesD．helpchildrendevelopabilitiestofollowrulesText4Chinaplanstolaunch156smallsatellitesby2025toprovideInternetservicesinlowsignalareasandplaceswithadversenaturalenvironment,accordingtoChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorporation(CASIC).Duetoenvironmentalconditionsofdeserts,mountainsandseas,halfoftheworld'spopulationhasnoaccesstotheInternet,andtheinformationdeficiencyhamperslocaldevelopment.ItwillbeChina'sfirstbroadbandInternetaccesssystemwithsmallsatelliteshoveringinloworbit,whichwillalsohelpmeettheneedsofcommercialspacedevelopment.Theproject,namedHongyun,planstosendthefirstsatelliteby2019,andlaunchfourmoreby2020.Bytheendof2025,CASICplanstohaveallofthe156satellitesinoperation.TheHongyunProiect,whichfocusesoncommunication,remotesensingandnavigation,canoffercommunicationandInternetservicesforChinaandless-developed3countrieswithreducedlatency.Meanwhile,theprojectcanalsobenefitemergencycommunication,sensordatacollectionandremotecontrolofunmannedequipment.Currently,internationalmaritimesatellitesarewidelyusedincommunicationsinmountainousareasandairplanes,butthosesatellites,36,000kilometersabovetheEarth,havetimeandsignaldelayaswellashighcostforprovidingservices.ThesmallsatellitessentbytheHongyunProjectwillhoverinloworbitsonlyhundredsofkilometersto1,000kilometersabovetheEarth,andthuscouldimprovetheInternetaccess.However,theloworbitsatellitesmayfacechallengesinpowersupply,astheyneedmoreenergytoreducetheinfluenceofair-resistancecomparedtohighorbitsatellites.Experimentsareneededtodeterminewhethersolarenergyaloneisenough.1、Accordingtothepassage,________________.A．156satelliteswillbelaunchedbytheHongyunProjectby2020B．internationalmaritimesatellitescancausesignaldelayC．TheHongyunProjectmaynotencouragecommercialspacedevelopmentD．loworbitsatellitesarecurrentlyusedwidelyincommunicationsinmountainousareas2、Theunderlinedword“hampers”inParagraph2probablyrefersto________.A．a(chǎn)ccelerates B．determinesC．prevents D．promotes3、WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedintheHongyunProject?A．CommunicationandNavigation. B．Remotesensing.C．Datacollection. D．Solarenergy.4、Loworbitsatellitesneedmoreenergyinorderto________.A．providemoreaccuratedata B．improvetheInternetaccessC．reducetheeffectofair-resistance D．facemorechallengesPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WorldSleepDayfallsonMarch1．Thisyear’sthemeconcernssleepandwomenMorewomensufferfrominsomnia(失眠)thanmen,butonly4percentofthemgotoadoctortogethelpBeijing’sTheFirstnewspaper2．(report)recentlyAstudyby3．internationalorganizationinthepapersaidthatwomen4．(age)30to60sleepsixhoursand41minutesaday5．a(chǎn)verageYoungpeoplehavealsobeenshowntosufferfromalackofsleepStatisticsfromaChinesemedicalresearchcentreshowthatin6．(city)likeBeijingandShanghai,40percentofyoungpeoplesufferfrominsomnia,and80percentsufferfromgreattirednessduetopoorqualitysleepExpertsblameheavy7．(press)andcompetitionatworkforpoor8．(sleep)habitsThelong-termeffectscanbeunhappiness,anxietyanddepression,9．caninturnleadtochronicillnesses(慢性病),10．(especial)inwomenThereare,however,acoupleoftricksforgettingagoodsleep,suchasmaintaininganoptimisticattitude,keepingaregular,11．(day)routine,orfindingtimeforsportsAlso,youcandevelophealthyhabits,suchaskeepingthebedroomcleanandavoidingtea,coffee,orwinebeforemealsDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankIt’sinterestingwhenyouthinkabouthowJapanisanation1．a(chǎn)ppreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners,andyetwhenitcomestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbe2．(loud)intheworldAccordingtolifestylewebsitegrapeejp,slurping(發(fā)出"哧溜"聲)wheneatingnoodles3．(encourage)inJapanesecultureIt’sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouth4．enhancetheflavorofthenoodles,andthatithelpscooldownthenoodlesIt’salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedishSometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyableItwasn’tuntilanewexpression–“noodleharassment(騷擾)”--cameoutlastyearonsocialmedia5．Japanesepeoplestartedtorealizethattheslurpingnoiseismakingsomeforeignvisitorsuncomfortable6．a(chǎn)response,JapaneseinstantnoodlemakerNissinintroducedaso-callednoise-cancelingforklastmonthThefork,whichlookslikeanelectrictoothbrush,isconnectedwirelesslytoasmartphoneWhenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforksendsasignaltotheperson’sphone,7．(make)itplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoiseButisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsdovary8．isconsideredtobepropertablemannersinonecountryislikelytobeseenasrudeinanotherInIndia,peopleeatwiththeirhands9．theythinkinthiswaytheybuildaconnectionwiththefoodHowever,peoplewhoareusedtoeatingwithforksmightfindituncomfortabletogettheirhands10．(cover)inoilandbitsoffoodButthiseatingmethodispartofIndian'sculture,justlikeJapan'sslurpingispartofitsown“So,ifyourareeatingnoodles,whetherthat’sramen,uudon,orsoba,pleaseslurp,”wrotereporterBrianAshcraftonblogKotaku“Ifanyonegetsannoyedwhileyouaredoingthat,paythemnomindbecausethey'remissingthepointentirely”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Whenwatchingasoccergameorbasketballmatch,youmighthearpeopleencouragingtheirfavoriteteambyshoutingthingslike“comeon”or“goforit”.CouldtheChinesephrase“addoil”alsobecomeafrequentcheeratsportingevents?Lastmonth,“addoil”，adirecttranslationof“jiayou”，wasaddedtotheonlineOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED).1、ItisbelievedtohaveoriginatedasacheerattheMacaoGrandPrix(汽車大獎(jiǎng)賽）duringthe1960s.2、“OEDisrecognizingthelegitimacy(合法性）ofourEnglishanditspotentialtoberelevanttotheanglophone(英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)者）world”WeeLian-hee，professoroflanguagestudiesatBaptistUniversity'sEnglishDepartment,toldtheSouthChinaMorningPost.Wecancertainlyreachoutandcommunicatewiththeworldwithouthavingtogiveuponbeingourselves.”SohowdoesawordgetintotheOED?3、Newwordsarealsorequiredtohavebeenusedovera"reasonableamountofbeforebeingadded.Theprocessofaddingwordscanbelongandpainstaking.4、Let’stakealook.Hongbao:Atraditionalgiftofmoneypresentedinaredenvelope.Jiaozi:Acrescent-shaped(新月形的）dumplingmadeofthinpastry.Wuxia:5、A．ChinesepeopleareexcitedthatChinglishphraseslikethesearegainingrecognition.B．AccordingtoOxfordUniversityPress,wordscanbeaddedaslongastheyareunderstoodbyreaderswithouttheneedforanexplanationofitsmeaning.C．BelowaresomeotherChinesewordsthatnavebeenaddedtotheOED．D．OEDisbecomingmoreandmorepopularintheworld.E.Thephrasereferstoaddi