2023年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題試卷（一）及答案

試題來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除試題來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除試題來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除2023年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題試卷（一）及答案作文

1.

Directions:

Suppose

your

university

is

conducting

a

survey

to

collect

students'

opinions

of

online

classes.

You

are

to

write

a

response

to

the

survey

about

their

advantages

and

disadvantages,

and

what

improvements

can

be

made.

You

will

have

30

minutes

for

the

task.

You

should

write

at

least

120

words

but

no

more

than

180

words.

【正確答案】

On

Online

Courses

Recently,

our

university

is

conducting

a

survey

about

students'

opinions

on

online

courses.

As

far

as

I

am

concerned,

online

courses

have

both

advantages

and

disadvantages.

Among

all

the

plus

sides

of

online

courses,

flexibility

comes

first:

Students

can

learn

anytime

and

anywhere.

Second,

through

online

courses,

students

have

access

to

high-quality

courses

offered

by

renowned

teachers

at

home

and

abroad.

Furthermore,

students

can

watch

replays

and

learn

difficult

points

repeatedly.

Despite

these

advantages,

the

shortcomings

of

online

courses

should

not

be

ignored.

On

the

one

hand,

a

high

level

of

interaction

between

students

and

teachers

is

hard

to

achieve.

On

the

other

hand,

online

classes

demand

qualities

such

as

self-discipline

and

motivation,

while

most

students

have

difficulty

in

maintaining

focused

without

teachers'

supervision.

Given

the

overall

situation

of

online

classes

in

our

university,

I

think,

to

improve

the

effectiveness

of

online

courses,

teachers

ought

to

offer

more

opportunities

for

interaction

and

collaboration.

Besides,

students

should

improve

their

abilities

of

self-learning,

making

good

use

of

online

courses.

詞匯理解

You

probably

haven't

taken

the

time

to

think

of

all

the

work

that

went

into

creating

the

shirt

on

your

back.

I

mean,

how

hard

it

could

be

to

create

fabric

and【C1】_________it

into

a

shirt

shape.

Don't

machines

do

all

that?

Well,

creating

fabric

from

cotton,

which

is

the

most【C2】_________clothing

material,

is

actually

a

process

that

involves

a

lot

of

water,

2,700

liters

per

shirt

to

be【C3】_________.

Take

a

look

at

the

video

below

from

National

Geographic

for

some

more

mind-blowing【C4】_________about

cotton

clothing

production.

Clean

water

is【C5】_________becoming

one

of

the

most

sought-after

resources

in

the

world.

Given

how

large

the【C6】_________and

cotton

industries

are,

they

take

up

a

lot

of

our

fresh

water

demands

across

the

world,

according

to

The

Huffington

Post.

The

video

from

National

Geographic

was

created

to

spread【C7】_________of

how

environmentally

harmful

cotton

is.

But

the

situation

can

be

made

better.

Through

better

water

management

and

farming

practices,

water

usage

in

cotton

production

can

be

cut

down

by【C8】_________40

percent.

Called

"Better

Cotton",

this

environmentally

conscious

product

will

save

millions

of

liters

of

water

a

year

simply

from【C9】_________the

demands

of

cotton

production.

Cotton

doesn't

have

to

go,

since

it

is,

after

all,

one

of

the

most

useful

cash

crops

across

the

globe.

However,

as

water

supplies【C10】_________,

farmers

and

consumers

need

to

be

more

conscious

of

the

effect

that

these

products

have

on

the

environment

as

a

whole.

A)

abstracts

I)

nearly

B)

abundant

J)

reckoning

C)

awareness

K)

reducing

D)

conscience

L)

sew

E)

exact

M)

shrink

F)

increasingly

N)

statistics

G)

intense

O)

textile

H)

mend

【正確答案】

2.【C1】

【正確答案】L

【試題解析】

空格前有連詞and，說(shuō)明本空填入的詞與and之前的create并列，因此本空應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形?？崭袼诰渲赋?，制作布料并________成襯衫的形狀有多難。由句意可知，此處是想表達(dá)把布料制成襯衫，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“制造，制作”意義的動(dòng)詞原形，由此確定答案為L(zhǎng))sew。備選的其他動(dòng)詞原形均沒(méi)有此含義，因此排除。

3.【C2】

【正確答案】B

【試題解析】

空格前有形容詞最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志the

most，空格后有名詞詞組clothing

material，因此本空應(yīng)填入形容詞。空格所在句指出，棉花是最________服裝材料。將備選項(xiàng)中的形容詞代入句中，只有B)abundant“充裕的，豐富的”能使句意通順，故答案為B)。

4.【C3】

【正確答案】E

【試題解析】

空格前有系動(dòng)詞be，因此本空應(yīng)填入形容詞?？崭袼诰渲赋?，用棉花來(lái)制作織物實(shí)際上是一個(gè)需要大量用水的過(guò)程，每件襯衫需要2，700升的水，________。本句提供了一個(gè)用棉花制作織物所需水量的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)字，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“準(zhǔn)確的，確切的”意義的形容詞，由此確定答案為E)exact。to

be

exact表示“準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，確切地說(shuō)”。備選的其他形容詞均沒(méi)有此含義，因此排除。

5.【C4】

【正確答案】N

【試題解析】

空格前有形容詞mind-blowing，因此本空應(yīng)填入名詞?？崭袼诰涞囊馑际?，看看下面《國(guó)家地理》雜志的視頻，就可以知道更多關(guān)于棉質(zhì)服裝生產(chǎn)的令人震驚的________。前一句已經(jīng)提供了一個(gè)驚人的數(shù)字——2，700，而空格前又出現(xiàn)了more，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“數(shù)字，數(shù)據(jù)”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為N)statistics。備選的其他名詞均沒(méi)有此含義，因此排除。

6.【C5】

【正確答案】F

【試題解析】

空格位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is

becoming之間，因此本空應(yīng)填入副詞?？崭袼诰涞囊馑际?，凈水正成為世界上最受歡迎的資源之一。由常識(shí)可知，人們對(duì)凈水的需求日益增多，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“日益地，越來(lái)越多地”意義的副詞，由此確定答案為F)increasingly。備選的其他副詞均沒(méi)有此含義，因此排除。

7.【C6】

【正確答案】O

【試題解析】

空格前有定冠詞the，因此本空應(yīng)填入名詞，并和and后面的cotton并列?？崭袼诰涞囊馑际?，據(jù)《赫芬頓郵報(bào)》報(bào)道，考慮到_________和棉花工業(yè)的規(guī)模，它們占用了全球大量的淡水需求。本文第一段中提到制造襯衫需要大量的水，而將棉花做成襯衫涉及紡織業(yè)，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“紡織業(yè)”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為O)textile。備選的其他名詞均沒(méi)有此含義，因此排除。

8.【C7】

【正確答案】C

【試題解析】

空格前有及物動(dòng)詞spread，后面是of介詞詞組，因此本空應(yīng)填入名詞?？崭袼诰涞囊馑际?，這段來(lái)自《國(guó)家地理》的視頻是為了傳播棉花對(duì)環(huán)境危害的________。由句意可知，該視頻的目的是讓人們知道棉花對(duì)環(huán)境的危害，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“認(rèn)識(shí)，意識(shí)”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為C)awareness。備選的其他名詞均沒(méi)有此含義，因此排除。

9.【C8】

【正確答案】I

【試題解析】

空格前是介詞by，空格后是一個(gè)數(shù)字，因此本空應(yīng)填入副詞修飾該數(shù)字。空格所在句的意思是，通過(guò)更好的水管理和耕作方式，棉花生產(chǎn)中的用水量可以減少_________40％。將備選副詞分別代入句中，只有I)nearly“幾乎，差不多”能使句意通順，由此確定答案為I)。

10.【C9】

【正確答案】K

【試題解析】

空格前是介詞from，空格后是名詞短語(yǔ)，因此本空應(yīng)填入及物動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。空格所在句的意思是，這種被稱(chēng)為“更好的棉花”的環(huán)保產(chǎn)品，僅通過(guò)________棉花生產(chǎn)的需求，每年就可以節(jié)省數(shù)百萬(wàn)升水。由句意可知，如果要節(jié)約水，就要減少棉花的產(chǎn)量，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“減少，降低”意義的動(dòng)詞，由此確定答案為K)reducing。備選的另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式reckoning沒(méi)有此含義，因此排除。

11.【C10】

【正確答案】M

【試題解析】

空格所在部分是as引導(dǎo)的從句，空格前的water

supplies是從句的主語(yǔ)，因此本空應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)?？崭袼诰涞囊馑际?，然而，隨著水供應(yīng)________，農(nóng)民和消費(fèi)者需要更加意識(shí)到這些產(chǎn)品對(duì)整個(gè)環(huán)境的影響。備選動(dòng)詞中，雖然K)reducing“減少”符合句意，但是動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不能作謂語(yǔ)，由此確定答案為M)shrink“減少”。其他備選動(dòng)詞不符合句意，因此排除。

長(zhǎng)篇閱讀

The

spoken

web

A)

We're

growing

more

used

to

chatting

to

our

computers,

phones

and

smart

speakers

through

voice

assistants

like

Amazon's

Alexa,

Apple's

Siri

and

Microsoft's

Cortana.

Blind

and

partially

sighted

people

have

been

using

text-to-speech

converters

for

decades.

B)

Out

of

these

assistants,

Siri

is

the

most

well-known.

The

assistant

uses

voice

inquiries

and

a

natural-language

user

interface

(界面)

to

answer

questions.

The

software

adapts

to

users'

individual

language

usages,

searches,

and

preferences,

with

continuing

use.

C)

Some

think

voice

could

soon

take

over

from

typing

and

clicking

as

the

main

way

to

interact

online.

But

what

are

the

challenges

of

moving

to

"the

spoken

web"?

D)

What

use

is

written

online

content

if

you

can't

read?

That

is

the

situation

facing

illiterate

(不識(shí)字的)

African

farmers.

They

are

often

denied

crucial

information

the

web

offers

many

others.

With

a

literacy

rate

in

some

parts

of

Africa

at

only

22.6%,

farmers

are

often

"underpaid

for

their

produce

because

they

might

be

unaware

of

the

prevailing

prices,"

says

Francis

Dittoh,

a

researcher

behind

Mr

Meteo,

a

speech-based

weather

information

service.

E)

"The

most

frequently

heard

complaint

is

about

rainfall

predictions,"

says

Mr

Dittoh,

who

lives

in

Tamale,

northern

Ghana.

"They

tell

us

the

methods

their

forefathers

used

to

predict

the

weather

don't

seem

to

work

as

well

these

days."

This

is

down

to

climate

change,

he

believes.

Yet

knowing

when

it's

going

to

rain

is

vital

for

farmers

wanting

to

sow

seeds,

irrigate

crops

or

take

their

animals

out

to

the

fields

to

feed

on

grass.

F)

Mr

Dittoh

says

the

idea

of

converting

online

weather

reports

into

speech

came

from

the

farmers

themselves,

after

a

workshop

in

the

village

of

Guabuligah.

"They

came

up

with

this,"

he

says.

Mr

Meteo

takes

the

online

weather

forecast,

converts

it

to

a

short

recording

in

the

appropriate

language

and

makes

it

available

on

a

basic

phone.

Farmers

ring

up

to

receive

the

information.

The

local

language

Dagbani

is

spoken

by

1.2

million

people

but

is

not

served

by

any

online

translation

applications.

The

service

was

designed

to

be

cheap

and

easy

to

run,

says

Mr

Dittoh.

He

plans

to

begin

field

tests

this

month,

working

with

Tamale's

Savanna

Agricultural

Research

Institute.

G)

The

spoken

web

could

also

help

the

one-in-five

adults

in

Europe

and

the

U.S.

with

poor

reading

skills.

But

building

the

spoken

web—web-to-voice

and

voice-to-web—isn't

straightforward.

For

software

to

understand

pizza

is

served

at

Italian

restaurants

is

easy.

To

cover

multiple

domains

and

to

be

able

to

have

a

conversation

with

users

on

every

single

topic

is

still

a

long

way

off.

H)

So

although

many

computer

assistants

can

answer

simple

questions

about

the

weather

and

play

music

for

us,

anything

resembling

a

wide-ranging

human

conversation

is

decades

away.

Artificial

intelligence

just

isn't

smart

enough

yet.

Even

turning

your

voice

into

text—automatic

speech

recognition—is

one

of

the

hardest

problems

to

solve,

as

there

are

as

many

ways

to

pronounce

things

as

there

are

people

on

the

planet.

I)

Siri

has

often

been

praised

for

its

ability

to

interpret

our

casual

language

and

deliver

very

specific

and

accurate

results,

sometimes

even

providing

additional

information.

But

it

is

still

somewhat

restricted,

particularly

when

the

language

moves

away

from

stiffer

commands

into

more

human

interactions.

In

one

example,

the

phrase

"Send

a

text

to

Jason,

Clint,

Sam,

and

Lee

saying

we're

having

dinner

at

Silver

Cloud

restaurant"

was

interpreted

as

sending

a

message

to

Jason

only,

containing

the

text

"Clint

Sam

and

Lee

saying

we're

having

dinner

at

Silver

Cloud

restaurant".

It

has

also

been

noted

that

Siri

lacks

a

proper

editing

function,

as

saying

"Edit

message

to

say：we're

at

Silver

Cloud

restaurant

and

you

should

come

find

us"

generates

"Clint

Sam

and

Lee

saying

we're

having

dinner

at

Silver

Cloud

restaurant

to

say

we're

at

Silver

Cloud

restaurant

and

you

should

come

find

us".

J)

Using

voice

interaction

feels

far

more

intimate

than

surfing

the

net

the

old-fashioned

way.

This

is

intentional

as

the

informal

tone

of

the

assistant

helps

create

an

emotional

attachment.

But

if

something

speaks,

it

must

also

listen.

Our

phones

are

always

near

us

and

they

are

collecting

data

about

us

all

the

time.

This

has

already

raised

privacy

concerns.

The

American

Civil

Liberties

Union

has

stated

that

digital

assistants

create

a

threat

to

privacy

from

hackers.

Some

people

have

other

concerns.

They

worry

assistants

will

one

day

be

used

to

deliver

advertising

directly

to

us.

K)

But

digital

voices

need

more

personality

to

make

them

popular.

Robots

are

not

yet

witty,

Siri

is

boring.

The

benefits

of

using

voice

instead

of

tapping

fingers

obviously

depend

on

the

context.

Doctors

completing

online

forms

about

their

patients

by

speech,

for

example,

can

dictate

150

words

a

minute,

three

times

faster

than

typing

on

a

keyboard.

This

enables

them

to

spend

less

time

on

administration

and

more

time

with

patients.

L)

Last

year,

speech

recognition

company

Nuance

helped

a

doctors'

surgery

in

Dukinfield,

near

Manchester,

set

up

a

speech

system

for

the

practice's

six

doctors.

Now

they

can

dictate

notes

on

a

patient's

health

condition

and

treatment

and

a

smart

assistant

automatically

enters

the

information

into

the

right

fields

on

a

web

form.

Previously,

the

doctors

made

voice

recordings

that

were

then

transcribed

by

secretaries—a

process

that

was

costly

and

likely

to

cause

delays.

The

new

system

means

letters

to

patients

now

have

more

detail.

M)

Using

voice

also

makes

sense

when

you're

doing

other

things

with

your

hands.

Think

about

when

you're

cooking,

and

you

just

want

to

know

what

the

next

step

in

the

recipe

is.

Your

hands

are

covered

with

oil;

you're

not

going

to

get

on

the

iPad,

so

it's

a

lot

more

natural

to

talk.

And

speech

obviously

makes

sense

when

you're

driving.

In

the

U.S.,

29%

of

drivers

admit

they

surf

behind

the

wheel,

according

to

insurance

firm

State

Farm.

This

is

up

from

13%

in

2009.

No

wonder

using

mobile

phones

while

driving

causes

more

crashes

a

year

than

drink

driving,

says

the

U.S.

National

Safety

Council.

【正確答案】

12.According

to

Francis

Dittoh,

their

speech-based

weather

information

service

was

meant

to

be

inexpensive

and

easy

to

use.

【正確答案】F

【試題解析】

同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，迪托先生說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)的宗旨是既便宜又易于運(yùn)行。題干中的speech-based

weather

information

service指的是定位句中的The

service，題干中的inexpensive

and

easy

to

use對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的cheap

and

easy

to

run，故答案為F)。

13.Using

voice

instead

of

typing

enables

doctors

to

spend

more

time

taking

care

of

patients.

【正確答案】K

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句指出，醫(yī)生通過(guò)語(yǔ)音填寫(xiě)關(guān)于患者的在線(xiàn)表格，每分鐘可以口述150個(gè)單詞，比在鍵盤(pán)上打字快三倍。這使他們能夠花更少的時(shí)間在管理上，花更多的時(shí)間給病人診斷病情。題干中的spend

more

time

taking

care

of

patients是對(duì)定位句中spend

less

time

on

administration

and

more

time

with

patients的歸納概括，故答案為K)。

14.It

is

extremely

difficult

to

convert

voice

into

text

because

of

different

pronunciations.

【正確答案】H

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，甚至把你的聲音轉(zhuǎn)換成文本也是最難解決的問(wèn)題之一，因?yàn)榈厍蛏嫌卸嗌偃司陀卸嗌俜N發(fā)音方法。題干中的extremely

difficult對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的one

of

the

hardest

problems，題干中的convert

voice

into

text對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的turning

your

voice

into

text，題干中的different

pronunciations對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的many

ways

to

pronounce

things。題干是對(duì)定位句的總結(jié)概括，故答案為H)。

15.African

farmers

unable

to

read

often

don't

have

access

to

important

information

conveyed

online.

【正確答案】D

【試題解析】

同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，這就是非洲不識(shí)字的農(nóng)民所面臨的情況。他們經(jīng)常對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供給許多其他人的關(guān)鍵信息無(wú)從知曉。題干中的African

farmers

unable

to

read對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的illiterate

African

farmers，題干中的don’t

have

access是對(duì)定位句中denied的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的important

information

conveyed

online對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的crucial

information

the

web

offers，故答案為D)。

16.Some

phone

users

worry

advertisers

will

take

advantage

of

voice

assistants

to

send

ads

directly

to

them.

【正確答案】J

【試題解析】

同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，他們擔(dān)心有一天助手會(huì)被用來(lái)直接向我們發(fā)送廣告。題干中的voice

assistants對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的assistants，題干中的send

ads

directly

to

them對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的deliver

advertising

directly

to

us，故答案為J)。

17.The

spoken

web

is

helpful

when

one's

hands

are

occupied.

【正確答案】M

【試題解析】

同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，當(dāng)你用手做其他事情時(shí)，使用語(yǔ)音也是有意義的。題干中的The

spoken

web指的就是定位句中的voice，題干中的helpful是對(duì)定位句中makes

sense的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的when

one’s

hands

are

occupied對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的when

you’re

doing

other

things

with

your

hands，故答案為M)。

18.Some

people

believe

online

interaction

would

soon

depend

mainly

on

voice.

【正確答案】C

【試題解析】

同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，一些人認(rèn)為語(yǔ)音很快就會(huì)取代打字和點(diǎn)擊成為在線(xiàn)互動(dòng)的主要方式。題干中的online

interaction對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的interact

online，題干中的depend

mainly

on對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的the

main

way，故答案為C)。

19.Setting

up

a

spoken

web

is

by

no

means

an

easy

task.

【正確答案】G

【試題解析】

同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，建立語(yǔ)音網(wǎng)絡(luò)并非易事。題干中的Setting

up

a

spoken

web對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的building

the

spoken

web，題干中的by

no

means

an

easy

task是對(duì)定位句中isn’t

straight

forward的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為G)。

20.Weather

information

is

extremely

important

to

farmers.

【正確答案】E

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，對(duì)于想要播種、灌溉作物或放牧的農(nóng)民來(lái)說(shuō)，知道什么時(shí)候會(huì)下雨至關(guān)重要。題干中的Weather

information指的就是定位句中的when

it’s

going

to

rain，題干中的extremely

important

to

farmers對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的vital

for

farmers，故答案為E)。

21.Some

people

are

concerned

about

privacy

because

their

phones

are

constantly

collecting

their

personal

information.

【正確答案】J

【試題解析】

同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，我們的手機(jī)總是在我們身邊，它們一直在收集關(guān)于我們的數(shù)據(jù)。這已經(jīng)引起了人們對(duì)隱私的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。題干中的concerned

about

privacy對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的raised

privacy

concerns，題干中的their

phones

are

constantly

collecting

their

personal

information

對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的they

are

collecting

data

about

us

all

the

time，故答案為J)。

仔細(xì)閱讀

The

United

States

is

facing

a

housing

crisis:

Affordable

housing

is

inadequate,

while

luxury

homes

abound

(充裕),

and

homelessness

remains

a

persistent

problem.

Despite

this,

popular

culture

and

the

housing

industry

market

happiness

as

living

with

both

more

space

and

more

amenities

(便利設(shè)施).

Big

houses

are

advertized

as

a

reward

for

hard

work

and

diligence,

turning

housing

from

a

basic

necessity

into

a

luxury.

This

is

reflected

in

our

homes.

The

average

single-family

home

built

in

the

United

States

before

1970

was

less

than

1,500

square

feet

in

size.

By

2016,

the

average

size

of

a

new,

single-family

home

was

2,422

square

feet.

What's

more,

homes

built

in

the

2000s

were

more

likely

than

earlier

models

to

have

more

of

all

types

of

spaces:

bedrooms,

bathrooms,

living

rooms,

dining

rooms,

recreation

rooms

and

garages.

There

are

consequences

of

living

big.

As

middle-class

houses

have

grown

larger,

two

things

have

happened.

First,

large

houses

take

time

to

maintain,

so

cleaners

and

other

low-wage

service

workers

are

required

to

keep

these

houses

in

order.

Second,

once-public

spaces,

where

people

from

diverse

backgrounds

used

to

come

together,

have

increasingly

become

privatized,

leading

to

a

reduction

in

the

number

of

public

facilities

available

to

all,

and

a

reduced

quality

of

life

for

many.

Take

swimming

pools.

While

in

1950,

only

2,500

U.S.

families

owned

pools,

by

1999

this

number

was

4

million.

At

the

same

time,

public

municipal

pools

were

often

closed,

leaving

low-income

people

nowhere

to

swim.

The

trend

for

bigger

housing

thus

poses

ethical

questions.

Should

Americans

accept

a

system

in

which

the

middle

and

upper

classes

enjoy

a

luxurious

lifestyle,

using

the

low-wage

labor

of

others?

Are

we

willing

to

accept

a

system

in

which

an

increase

in

amenities

purchased

by

the

affluent

means

a

reduction

in

amenities

for

the

poor?

I

believe

neither

is

acceptable.

We

must

change

the

way

we

think:

living

well

does

not

need

to

mean

having

more

private

spaces;

instead,

it

could

mean

having

more

public

spaces.

A

better

goal

than

building

bigger

houses

for

some

is

to

create

more

publicly

accessible

spaces

and

amenities

for

all.

【正確答案】

22.What

are

big

houses

promoted

to

be

in

the

United

States?

（A）A

luxury

for

the

homeless.

（B）A

reward

for

industriousness.

（C）An

abundant

source

of

comforts.

（D）An

absolute

necessity

for

happiness.

【正確答案】B

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，大房子被宣傳為是對(duì)辛勤工作和勤奮的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，而這一宣傳將住房從基本必需品變成了奢侈品。由此可見(jiàn)，流行文化與房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)都以大房子是對(duì)辛苦工作和勤奮的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)為噱頭來(lái)推銷(xiāo)豪宅，industriousness是對(duì)hard

work和diligence的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B)。

23.What

is

one

of

the

consequences

of

living

big?

（A）Many

Americans'

quality

of

life

has

become

lower.

（B）People

from

diverse

backgrounds

no

longer

socialize.

（C）People

no

longer

have

access

to

public

swimming

pools.

（D）Many

Americans'

private

life

has

been

negatively

affected.

【正確答案】A

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。第三段主要介紹了住房面積增大帶來(lái)的兩個(gè)后果。第三段第四句提到，曾經(jīng)的公共空間越來(lái)越私有化，導(dǎo)致所有人可用的公共設(shè)施數(shù)量減少，許多人的生活質(zhì)量下降了。由此可知，住房面積的增大導(dǎo)致很多美國(guó)人生活質(zhì)量下降了，故答案為A)。

24.What

questions

arise

from

living

big?

（A）Questions

related

to

moral

principles.

（B）Questions

having

to

do

with

labor

cost.

（C）Questions

about

what

lifestyle

to

promote.

（D）Questions

concerning

housing

development.

【正確答案】A

【試題解析】

推理判斷題。定位句指出，住房面積增大的趨勢(shì)引發(fā)了道德問(wèn)題。由此可見(jiàn)，住房面積增大的趨勢(shì)給人們帶來(lái)的是與道德原則有關(guān)的問(wèn)題，故答案為A)。

25.What

kind

of

social

system

does

the

author

think

is

unacceptable?

（A）One

in

which

the

wealthy

exploit

the

low-wage

laborers

building

their

houses.

（B）One

in

which

the

rich

purchase

amenities

at

an

increasingly

unjustifiable

price.

（C）One

in

which

the

upper

classes

deprive

the

lower

classes

of

affordable

housing.

（D）One

in

which

the

affluent

enjoy

a

more

comfortable

life

at

the

expense

of

the

poor.

【正確答案】D

【試題解析】

推理判斷題。由第五段第一句“兩者都不可接受”可知，不可接受的問(wèn)題在第四段。第四段最后一句提到一種“富人購(gòu)買(mǎi)便利設(shè)施的增加意味著窮人的便利設(shè)施減少”的制度。換言之，作者反對(duì)“富人通過(guò)犧牲窮人的生活品質(zhì)而享受更舒適的生活的制度”，故答案為D)。

26.What

does

the

author

advocate

for

people

to

live

well?

（A）Finding

ways

to

turn

private

spaces

into

public

ones.

（B）Building

more

houses

affordable

to

those

less

affluent.

（C）More

public

spaces

created

for

everyone

to

enjoy.

（D）All

amenities

made

accessible

to

the

rich

and

the

poor

alike.

【正確答案】C

【試題解析】

推理判斷題。定位句指出，過(guò)得好可以意味著擁有更多的公共空間。對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，比起建造更大的房子，更好的目標(biāo)是為所有人創(chuàng)造更多的公共空間和便利設(shè)施。由此可見(jiàn)，為了使人們過(guò)得好，作者主張創(chuàng)造更多每個(gè)人都可以享受的公共空問(wèn)，故答案為C)。

Most

of

us

in

the

entrepreneurial

community

are

blessed—or

cursed—with

higher-than-average

ambition.

Ambitious

people

strongly

desire

accomplishments

and

are

willing

to

take

more

risks

and

spend

more

effort

to

get

them.

Overall,

this

is

a

positive

quality,

especially

for

people

trying

to

build

their

own

businesses.

Apparently,

if

you're

more

naturally

driven

to

set

goals,

you

are

more

likely

to

succeed.

Actually,

this

isn't

always

the

case.

In

fact,

in

some

cases,

extreme

ambition

may

end

up

doing

more

harm

than

good.

One

major

side

effect

of

excessive

ambition

is

the

tendency

to

focus

too

determinedly

on

one

particular

vision

or

end

goal.

This

is

problematic

because

it

hinders

your

ability

to

adapt

to

new

circumstances,

which

is

vital

if

you

want

to

be

a

successful

entrepreneur.

If

a

new

competitor

emerges

to

threaten

your

business,

you

may

need

to

change

direction,

even

if

that

means

straying

from

your

original

vision.

If

you

have

too

much

ambition,

you'll

find

this

hard,

if

not

impossible.

Few

people

are

successful

when

they

try

to

build

their

first

brand.

Unfortunately,

for

the

most

ambitious

entrepreneurs,

a

failure

is

seen

as

disastrous,

and

impossible

to

recover

from.

It's

a

clear

departure

from

the

intended

plan

toward

the

intended

goal.

For

people

with

limited

ambition,

however,

failure

is

viewed

as

something

closer

to

reality.

Remember,

failure

is

inevitable,

and

every

failure

you

survive

is

a

learning

experience.

Ambitious

people

tend

to

be

more

materialistically

successful

than

their

non-ambitious

counterparts.

However,

they're

only

slightly

happier

than

their

less-ambitious

counterparts,

and

tend

to

live

significantly

shorter

lives.

This

implies

that

even

though

ambitious

people

are

more

likely

to

achieve

conventional

"success,"

such

success

means

nothing

for

their

health

and

happiness—and

if

you

don't

have

health

and

happiness,

what

else

could

possibly

matter?

Clearly,

some

amount

of

ambition

is

good

for

your

motivation.

Without

any

ambition,

you

wouldn't

start

your

own

business,

set

or

achieve

goals

and

get

far

in

life.

But

an

excess

of

ambition

can

also

be

dangerous,

putting

you

at

risk

of

burnout,

stubbornness

and

even

a

shorter

life.

【正確答案】

27.What

does

the

author

think

of

most

entrepreneurs?

（A）They

are

more

willing

to

risk

their

own

lives.

（B）They

are

more

ambitious

than

ordinary

people.

（C）They

achieve

greater

nonconventional

success.

（D）They

have

more

positive

qualities

than

most

of

us.

【正確答案】B

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，大部分創(chuàng)業(yè)群體的人都會(huì)有幸擁有亦或是受苦于一種高于常人的野心。由此可知，創(chuàng)業(yè)者比普通人擁有更多的野心，故答案為B)。

28.What

does

the

author

imply

by

saying

"this

isn't

always

the

case"

(Line

1,

Para.

3)?

（A）Ambitious

people

may

not

have

a

greater

chance

of

success.

（B）Ambitious

people

may

not

have

more

positive

qualities.

（C）Entrepreneurs'

ambition

does

as

much

good

as

harm.

（D）Entrepreneurs

are

more

naturally

driven

to

success.

【正確答案】A

【試題解析】

推理判斷題。由于定位句位于第三段段首，需要結(jié)合第二段的內(nèi)容方可得到答案。第二段末句指出，如果你有更自然的動(dòng)力去設(shè)定目標(biāo)，那么你就更有可能成功。緊接著在第三段首句提到，事實(shí)并非一貫如此。這是針對(duì)第二段提出的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反駁，故答案為A)。

29.What

does

the

author

say

is

of

extreme

importance

for

one

to

become

a

successful

entrepreneur?

（A）Holding

on

to

one's

original

vision.

（B）Being

able

to

adapt

to

new

situations.

（C）Focusing

determinedly

on

one

particular

goal.

（D）Avoiding

radical

change

in

one's

career

direction.

【正確答案】B

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，這是有問(wèn)題的，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)限制你適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的能力，而這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于想成為一名成功企業(yè)家的你來(lái)說(shuō)又至關(guān)重要。由此可知，如果想成為成功的企業(yè)家，能夠適應(yīng)新環(huán)境是很重要的，故答案為B)。

30.How

do

the

most

ambitious

entrepreneurs

regard

failure

in

their

endeavor?

（A）It

will

awaken

them

to

reality.

（B）It

is

a

lesson

they

have

to

learn.

（C）It

means

the

end

of

their

career.

（D）It

will

result

in

a

slow

recovery.

【正確答案】C

【試題解析】

推理判斷題。定位句指出，不幸的是，對(duì)于最有野心的企業(yè)家而言，失敗被視為是災(zāi)難性的，無(wú)法從中恢復(fù)。由此可知，無(wú)法從失敗中恢復(fù)就意味著職業(yè)生涯走向終點(diǎn)，故答案為C)。

31.What

does

the

author

advise

us

to

do

concerning

ambition?

（A）Distinguish

between

conventional

success

and

our

life

goal.

（B）Follow

the

example

of

the

most

ambitious

entrepreneurs.

（C）Avoid

taking

unnecessary

risks

when

starting

a

business.

（D）Prioritize

health

and

happiness

over

material

success.

【正確答案】D

【試題解析】

推理判斷題。定位句指出，這意味著即便具備野心的人更有可能取得傳統(tǒng)意義上的“成功”，但這種成功卻無(wú)益于他們的健康和幸?！偃缒闶チ私】岛托腋?，其他的事情又有何重要呢?作者通過(guò)反問(wèn)的方式，暗示了健康和幸福要比“成功”更重要，故答案為D)。

翻譯-漢譯英

32.

中國(guó)越來(lái)越重視終身教育，發(fā)展繼續(xù)教育是構(gòu)建終身教育體系的有效途徑。高校作為人才培養(yǎng)的基地，擁有先進(jìn)的教學(xué)理念和優(yōu)越的教學(xué)資源，理應(yīng)成為繼續(xù)教育的辦學(xué)主體。因此，近年來(lái)許多高校適應(yīng)社會(huì)需求，加強(qiáng)與用人單位溝通，努力探索一條符合中國(guó)國(guó)情的繼續(xù)教育發(fā)展新路，以使繼續(xù)教育在國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中發(fā)揮更大的作用。

【正確答案】China

attaches

more

and

more

importance

to

lifelong

education,

and

the

development

of

continuing

education

is

an

effective

way

to

build

a

lifelong

education

system.

As

the

base

for

talent

cultivation,

universities

have

advanced

teaching

concepts

and

superior

teaching

resources,

so

they

should

become

the

main

providers

of

continuing

education.

Therefore,

in

recent

years,

a

number

of

universities

have

been

trying

to

explore

a

new

path

for

developing

continuing

education

that

suits

to

China's

specific

conditions

by

catering

to

social

needs

and

strengthening

communications

with

employers,

so

that

continuing

education

can

play

a

greater

role

in

the

national

development

strategy.

短篇新聞

33.

（A）She

was

involved

in

a

conflict

with

bird

lovers.

（B）She

was

charged

with

mistreating

animals.

（C）She

was

on

bad

terms

with

her

neighbors.

（D）She

was

accused

of

violating

a

city

law.

【正確答案】D

【聽(tīng)力原文】(1)A

woman

was

charged

with

allegedly

violating

a

Rhode

Island

city

law

against

feeding

wild

animals.

The

55-year-old

woman's

neighbors

blame

her

for

making

the

area's

rat

problem

worse.

Newly

installed

cameras

captured

several

rats

active

in

the

middle

of

the

day.

Neighbors

say

that

it's

even

worse

during

the

night.

The

woman

and

her

parents,

who

own

the

home,

told

reporters

that

she's

being

charged

for

feeding

birds.

"Who

would

have

known

just

loving

animals

gets

you

that

much

trouble,"

she

said.

It

is

prohibited

to

feed

any

wild

animals

including

birds

in

Rhode

Island

City.

Nevertheless,

while

the

woman's

intention

was

to

feed

birds,

it

is

clear

that

rats

were

also

benefiting.

(2)Anthony

Moretti,

director

of

the

city

administration,

said

he

saw

more

than

20

rats

near

the

woman's

home.

He

said

it

will

take

months

to

get

the

problem

under

control.

1.

What

do

we

learn

from

the

report

about

the

55-year-old

woman?

2.

What

did

the

director

of

the

city

administration

say

at

the

end

of

the

news

report?

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。新聞開(kāi)頭指出，一名女士被指控違反了羅德島市禁止喂養(yǎng)野生動(dòng)物的法律。這名女士55歲了，她的鄰居指責(zé)她使該地區(qū)的老鼠問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重。由此可知，這名55歲的女士被指控違反了城市法律。因此，答案為D)。

34.

（A）Communicate

with

astronauts

in

Mars

Dune

Alpha.

（B）Work

in

an

environment

resembling

Mars.

（C）Build

a

Martian

habitat

in

Houston.

（D）Send

in

applications

before

Friday.

【正確答案】B

【聽(tīng)力原文】To

prepare

for

eventually

sending

astronauts

to

Mars,

NASA

began

taking

applications

Friday

for

four

people

to

live

for

a

year

in

Mars

Dune

Alpha.

That's

a

1,700-square-foot

Martian

habitat

inside

a

building

in

Houston.

(3)The

paid

volunteers

will

work

in

an

environment

similar

to

Mars.

They

will

have

limited

communications

with

family,

restricted

food

and

resources.

NASA

is

planning

three

experiments

with

the

first

one

starting

in

the

fall

next

year.

(4)

Food

will

all

be

ready-to-eat

space

food.

Some

plants

will

be

grown,

but

not

potatoes

like

in

the

movie

The

Martian.

"We

want

to

understand

how

humans

perform

in

them,"

said

lead

scientists

Grace

Douglas.

"We

are

looking

at

Mars

realistic

situations."

The

application

process

open

Friday

and

they're

not

seeking

just

anybody.

The

requirements

are

strict,

including

a

master's

degree

in

a

science,

engineering

or

math

field

or

pilot

experience.

Only

American

citizens

or

permanent

U.S.

residents

are

acceptable.

Applicants

must

be

between

30

and

55

and

in

good

physical

health.

Attitude

is

key,

said

former

Canadian

astronaut

Chris

Hadfield.

He

said

the

participants

need

to

be

super

competent,

resourceful,

and

not

relying

on

other

people

to

feel

comfortable.

3.

What

does

NASA

require

the

paid

volunteers

to

do?

4.

What

will

the

participants

in

the

project

eat?

【試題解析】

細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。新聞開(kāi)頭指出，美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局于周五開(kāi)始接受申請(qǐng)，挑選四人在火星模擬棲息地阿爾法火星山丘生活一年，這些有償志愿者將在類(lèi)似火星的環(huán)境中工作。因此，答案為B)。

35.

（A）He

apologized

for

scratching

an

athlete's

gold

medal.

（B）He

was

asked

to

present

a

gold

medal

to

Miu

Goto.

（C）He

bit

a

softball

player's

Olympic

gold

medal.

（D）He

attracted

public

attention

at

a

media

event.

【正確答案】C

【聽(tīng)力原文】(5)A

Japanese

mayor

apologized

Thursday

for

biting

the

Olympic

gold

medal

of

a

Softball

player.

Nagoya

mayor

Takashi

Kawamura

had

praised

athlete,

Miu

Goto,

during

a

public

media

event.

He

asked

her

to

put

the

medal

around

his

neck.

Kawamura

then

bit

into

it.

Biting

a

medal

in

front

of

journalists

and

photographers

has

become

a

common

pose

for

Olympic

medalists.

However,

it

is

only

for

the

winners