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考研《英語一》吉林市磐石市2023年統(tǒng)考試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EverytimeShellyandherfriendsgoouttodinner,theyplaysomethingcalledthe“phonepile”game.Uponenteringtheprivateroom,everyoneplacestheir1Ontheteatable;whoevercheckstheirdevicebeforethebillarrives2fordinner.Thisgamewasfirstplayedaboutoneyearago,whenLily,thestarter,foundthatshehadtrouble3hermobilephoneaftershegothomefromwork.Soshe4puttingherphoneintoasmallcontainerthemomentshewalkedin.Itwouldremainthereuntilafterdinner.ThesimilartechniquewascarriedoutbyHolly,whodidn't5tosleepclosetoabeepingphone.Soshe6computersandphonesinherbedroom-aruleshe7inherWeChatfriendscircle.Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,smartphones8toimpactourlives,andwearabledeviceslikeGoogleGlass9Ourindividualspaceevenfurther.Thusoverburdenedusersarecreatingtheirowndevice-freezones.Thesedisconnecting-10areimprovingtheirlives."Disconnectingissomethingthatweall11,"saidShelly."Theexpectationthatwemustalwaysbe12toeveryonecreatesarealproblemintryingto13privatetime.Butthatprivatetimeismoreimportantthanever."Ausefulmethodfor14istochooseamilktinforyourcellphone,justlikeLilydoes."15myphoneislightingup,it'sstilladistraction(分心的事物),soitgoesinthe16,"shesaid.Otherschoosenew17."Noscreensafter11p.m."saidAriMelber,aTVhost."Noweveningsaremore18andIamsleepingbetter."Sleepisabigfactor,whichiswhysome19toleavetheirphonesoutoftheirbedrooms.Tothesepeople,it20isahead-clearer.1、A.walletsB.handbagsC.phonesD.watches2、A.waitsB.paysC.preparesD.look3、A.ignoringB.checkingC.chargingD.finding4、A.a(chǎn)dvisedB.forgotC.stoppedD.began5、A.hateB.a(chǎn)rrangeC.wantD.promise6、A.lostB.bannedC.collectedD.a(chǎn)djusted7、A.sharedB.a(chǎn)greedC.talkedD.provided8、A.intendB.chooseC.happenD.continue9、A.threatenB.defendC.improveD.use10、A.tricksB.beliefsC.waysD.guesses11、A.needB.a(chǎn)voidC.discoverD.learn12、A.dependableB.a(chǎn)ttractiveC.convenientD.a(chǎn)vailable13、A.putoutB.setasideC.turndownD.cutoff14、A.connectingB.distributingC.disconnectingD.entertaining15、A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.UntilD.When16、A.roomB.pocketC.bagD.box17、A.rulesB.ordersC.stepsD.games18、A.flexibleB.relaxingC.urgentD.upsetting19、A.a(chǎn)dmitB.refuseC.preferD.try20、A.nearlyB.definitelyC.finallyD.hardlySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1TheNazcaLinesareaseriesoflargeancientgeoglyphs(地畫)intheNazcaDesert,insouthernPeru.Itisrangingfromgeometricpatternstodrawingsofdifferentanimalsandstylizedhuman-likeforms.Theancientlinescanonlybetrulytakeninfromhighintheair,leavinggenerationspuzzledastohowthesepreciseworkscouldhavebeencompletedlongbeforethedocumentedinventionofhumanflight.TheLineswerefirstspottedwhencommercialairlinesbeganflyingacrossthePeruviandesertinthe1920,s.Whobuiltthemandwhatwastheirpurpose?Aretheyroads,starpointers,maybeevenagiganticmap?Ifthepeoplewholivedhere2,000yearsagohadonlyasimpletechnology,howdidtheymanagetoconstructsuchprecisefigures?Didtheyhaveaplan?Thesemarkingsarelikeavastpuzzle.TheNazcaLinesarethemostoutstandinggroupofgeoglyphsintheworld.TherearealsohugegeoglyphsinEgypt,Malta,UnitedStates(MississippiandCalifornia),Chile,Boliviaandinothercountries.ButtheNazcageoglyphs,becauseoftheirnumbers,characteristics,dimensionsandculturalcontinuityastheyweremadeandremadethroughoutacertainhistoryperiod,formthemostimpressivearcheological(考古學(xué)的)group.TheNazcaplainisuniqueforitsabilitytopreservethemarkingsuponit,duetothecombinationoftheclimate(oneofthedriestonEarth,withonlytwentyminutesofrainfallperyear)andtheflat,stonygroundwhichminimizestheeffectofthewindatgroundlevel.Withnodustorsandtocovertheplainandlittlerainorwindtoerode(腐蝕)it,linesdrawnheretendtostaydrawn.Thesefactors,combinedwiththeexistenceoflighter-coloredsubsoilbeneaththedesertsurface,provideavastwritingpadthatissuitedtotheartistwhowantstoleavehismarketernal.1、283.WhatcanweknowabouttheNazcaLinesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Theywerebuiltasabigmap.B.Theywereformedbynature.C.Theyareancientlinesincaves.D.Theyarehugemarkingsinadesert.2、285.HowmanyfactorsmaketheNazcaLinesthemostimpressive?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.3、287.WhyaretheNazcaLineswellpreserved?A.Becauseofthewindatgroundlevel.B.Becauseoftheexistenceofsoftsoil.C.Becauseoftheclimateandgeography.D.Becauseofthethicksandonthetop.4、289.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eternal”probablymean?A.Non-stop.B.Ever-lasting.C.Real-life.D.High-end.Text2On14September2015,theuniverse’sgravitationalwavesobservedfortheveryfirsttime.Thewaves,whichwerepredictedbyAlbertEinsteinahundredyearsago,camefromacollisionbetweentwoblackholes.Ittook1.3billionyearsforthewavestoarriveattheLIGOdetectorintheUSA.ThesignalwasextremelyweakwhenitreachedEarth,butisalreadypromisingarevolutioninastrophysics.Gravitationalwavesareanentirelynewwayofobservingthemostviolenteventsinspaceandtestingthelimitsofourknowledge.LIGO,theLasterInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatory,isacollaborativeprojectwithoveronethousandresearchersfrommorethantwentycountries.Together,theyhaverealizedavisionthatisalmostfiftyyearsold.The2017Nobelwinnershave,withtheirenthusiasmanddetermination,eachbeeninvaluabletothesuccessofLIGO.PioneersRainerWeissandKipS.Thorne,togetherwithBarryC.Barish,thescientistandleaderwhobroughttheprojecttocompletion,ensuredthatfourdecadesofeffortledtogravitationalwavesfinallybeingobserved.Inthemid-1970s,RainerWeisshadalreadyanalysedpossiblesourcesofbackgroundnoisethatwoulddisturbmeasurements,andhadalsodesignedadetector,alaser-basedinterferometer,whichwouldovercomethisnoise.Earlyon,bothKipThorneandRainerWeisswerefirmlyconvincedthatgravitationalwavescouldbedetectedandbringaboutarevolutioninourknowledgeoftheuniverse.Gravitationalwavesspreadatthespeedoflight,fillingtheuniverse,asAlbertEinsteindescribedinhisgeneraltheoryofrelativity.Theyarealwayscreatedwhenamassaccelerates,likewhenaice-skaterpirouettesorapairofblackholesrevolvearoundeachother.Einsteinwasconvinceditwouldneverbepossibletomeasurethem.TheLIGOproject’sachievementwasusingapairofgiganticlaserinterferometerstomeasureachangethousandsoftimessmallerthananatomicnucleus,asthegravitationalwavepassedtheEarth.Sofarallsortsofelectromagneticradiationandparticles,suchascosmicraysorneutrinos,havebeenusedtoexploretheuniverse.However,gravitationalwavesaredirecttestimony(However,gravitationalwavesaredirecttestimony(證詞)todisruptionsinspacetimeitself.Thisissomethingcompletelynewanddifferent,openingupunseenworlds.Awealthofdiscoveriesawaitsthosewhosucceedincapturingthewavesandinterpretingtheirmessage.1、Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.AlbertEinsteinobservedgravitationalwavesahundredyearsagoB.ThecaptureofgravitationalwaveswillopenanewearinastrophysicsC.TherewasnowayofobservingthespaceeventsyearsagoD.Morethan20countrieshaveLIGOdetectors2、Whycouldgravitationalwavesbesuccessfullyobserved?A.BecausethescientiststotallytrustEinstein’sgeneraltheoryofrelativityB.BecausetheycanbeeasilydetectedastheyfilltheuniverseC.BecausescientistslikeBarryC.BarishworkedhardonthisforlongD.Becausehugechangeappearedasthewavespassedtheearth3、Whatdoestheunderlinedwordpirouettesprobablymean?A.runatahighspeedB.slidefastC.fallsviolentlyD.turninacircularway4、Whatwouldthebesttitleofthepassage?A.GravitationalwavesfinallycapturedB.ThreepioneersinastrophysicsC.OpeningupunseenworldD.Nopain,nogainText3Afewweeksago,IcalledanUbertotakemetotheBostonairportforaflighthomefortheholidays.AsIslidintothebackseatofthecar,thewarmintonations(語調(diào))ofthedriver’saccentwashedovermeinafamiliarway.IlearnedthathewasarecentWestAfricanimmigrantwithafewyoungchildren,workinghardtoprovideforhisfamily.Icouldrelate:IamthedaughteroftwoEthiopianimmigrantswhomadetheirshareofsacrificestoensuremysuccess.ItoldhimIwasonacollegebreakandheadedhometovisitmyparents.That’showhefoundoutIgotoHarvard.Anapprovingeyeglinted(閃爍)atmeintherearviewwindow,andquickly,wecrossedtheboundariesofrideranddriver.Ibecamehisdaughter,allgrownup–theproductofhissacrifice.Andthencamethefatefulquestion:“Whatdoyoustudy?”Ianswered“historyandliterature”andtheprideinhisvoicefaded,asIknewitmight.Ididn’tevengettoadd“andAfrican-Americanstudies”beforehecutin,hisvoicethickwithdisappointment.“AllthatworktogetintoHarvard,andyoustudyhistory?”HereIwas,hisdaughter,squanderingthebiggestopportunityofherlife.Hewentontodelivertheage-oldlecturethatallimmigrantkidsknow.Wearetobecomedoctors(orlawyers,ifourparentsarebeinggenerous)–tomakemoneyandsendmoneybackhome.Theunspokendemand,madeacrossgenerations,whichmyUberdriverlaidoutplainly,issimple:Fulfillyourroleinthenarrative(故事)ofupwardmobilitysoyourchildrencandothesame.Iusedtofeelanxiousandbackedintoacornerbythequestioning,butnowasajuniorincollege,I’mgratefulfortheirsupportmorethananything.Thisholidayseason,I’vepromisedmyselfIwon’tgetannoyedattheirinquiries.Iwon’tdefensivelyrespondwith“butIplantogotolawschool!”whenIgetunrequestedadvice.I’lljustsmileandnod,andenjoythewarmthoftheoccasion.1、Whatdisappointedthedriver?A.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshim.B.Theschoolthattheauthorisattending.C.Theauthor’smajorsinhistoryandliterature.D.Theauthor’sinterestscanreplacetheinAfricanAmericanstudies.2、Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“squandering”inParagraph4?A.wastingB.creatingC.valuingD.seizing3、Whyareimmigrantkidsexpectedtobedoctorsorlawyer?A.Theyareverysmartingeneral.B.Theyhavemoreopportunities.C.Theirparentsarehighachievingaswell.D.Theirparentswantthemtomoveupwardinsociety.4、Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutthedriver’squestioning?A.Gettingupset.B.Feelingsatisfied.C.Defendingherself.D.Appreciatinghisconcern.Text4Christmasatthemountainclinewouldhavetowait.ThebanksbesideMaryBreckinridge’sWendover,Kentucky,clinicwereruinedafteraheavyrain.ShehadtofindawaytogetherfivepatientstothehospitalinLexington.Withaneighbor’shelp,Maryandthenursesbuiltaboat.TheynameditAmbulance,andonthemorningofDecember30,1926.Maryanothernurse,andthepatientssetoffdowntheriver.Aftersixteenwildmilesonthedangerousriver,theyarrivedatthetrainstationinKrypton.Asshewatchedthetrainpullawaywithherpatientssafelyonboard.Marysmiledandwaved.Maryhadnotplannedtobeanurse.ShewasthedaughterofawealthyKentuckypolitician.Asachild,Marywasinfluencedbyherfamilywhohadalwaysbeenconcernedaboutthepoorerpeopleofthestate.Whenshegrewup,Marywasinspiredtobecomeanurse.Soin1925MaryhiredafewBritish-trainednursesand,withsomemoneyfromherfamily,startedtheFrontierNursingServiceinWendover,Kentucky.BeforeMaryandhernursescame,themountainpeoplelivedahardlife.Familiesmadesolittlemoneythattheycouldnotafforddoctorsormedicine.Manychildrenhaddiseasesandnearlyeverypersonwasmalnourishedforlackoffood.MaryandthenursesbuiltclinicsandasmallhospitaldeepintheforestsofLeslieCounty.Therewerenopavedroads,electricity,ortelephones.Eachdaythenursesrodeonhorsebacktooutlyingfarms,ofteninbadwenther,toanswercallsforhelp.Theyworkedhardtokeepaneyeontheirpatients.Tothegratefulmountainpeople,Maryandthenursesseemedtobeeverywhere.Theytreatedeverythingfromcutfingerstopneumonia(肺炎),gaveshots,anddeliveredbabies.Theproudcountrymenlikedthenursesbecausetheytreatedeveryonewithrespect.TheFrontierNursingServicegrew.TodaytheirNursingServicereachesfarbeyondtheKentuckymountains.MedicalprofessionalsfromallovertheworldcometoWendovertostudyruralhealthcareinaction.Whenthesemenandwomengobacktotheirowncountries,theyarepreparedtohelppeopleinneed.1、HowdidMaryBreckinridgegetherfivepatientstoKrypton?A.Bytrain B.BycarC.Bywater D.Onhorseback2、Theunderlinedword“malnourished”inParagraph4mostprobablymeans.A.mysterious B.lackingnutritionC.careless D.indangerofdying3、WecanlearnfromthetextthatMaryBreckinridge.A.remainsagreatinfluenceonhealthcaretodayB.wantedtosetupmoreclinicstohelpthesickC.wipedoutdiseasesintheKentuckymountainsD.trainedallofherassistantsherself4、Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.MaryandherfamilywerealwayshelpfultoothersB.TheFrontierNursingServicesetupmanybranchesC.RuralnursesfoundcreativewaystotransportsuppliesandpatientsD.MaryandothernursesprovidedkindmedicalcaretoruralpeoplePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theworld’slongestseabridge,theHongKong-Zhuhai-MacauBridge,linksHongKongandMacautomainlandChina1.tookoveradecadetoconstructAfewartificialislandswerebuiltinthePearlRiverDelta2.(provide)thesupportsforthebridgeThereis3.4.7-kilometreunderwatertunnelinthemiddleofthebridge,5.a(chǎn)llowsshipstosailthroughtheDeltaThebridgewill6.(great)cutthetimeittakestotravelfrommainlandChinatoHongKongandMacauIt’sbelievedthatupto29,000cars7.(cross)thesealinkdailyaroundtheyear8.HongKongwillbecomealotmoreaccessibleforgoodsandtrade,9.(attract)morebusiness,sothisbridgeis10.(benefit)toitseconomyThebridgewillbeopentopeopletodriveacrossitHowever,car11.(own)willnotbeabletodriveacrossthebridgeunlesstheyhaveaspecialpermitMostpeoplewilltakeashuttlebusComparedwithdrivingacar,thiswillbemuch12.(cheap)AccordingtoanannouncementbySergeyKravtsov,Russianviceministerofeducationandscience,Sputniknewsreported,Russia’snationalcollegeentranceexamwillincludeMandarinas1.electiveforeignlanguagestartingfrom2.Chinesewillbecomethe3.(five)electivetestitemfortheUnifiedStateExaminadditiontoEnglish,German,FrenchandSpanishThenumberofChineselearnersinRussia4.(rise)quicklyinthepastdecade,accordingtoasurvey5.(carry)outbyalinguisticresearchcenterinRussiaApproaches6.learningChinesevaryfrompersontoperson,withmoreandmorepeople7.(choose)universitycoursesinRussiaThethree-hour-longChinesetestwillquizstudentson8.(they)listening,reading,andwritingabilitiesandafourthsectionwillexaminestudentsongrammar,vocabularyandChinese9.(character)SomepartsintheexamareevenalittlebitdifficultfornativeChinesespeakersInsidersfromtheRussiaeducationindustryconfirmedthose10.a(chǎn)rewithrelevantprofessionalbackgroundandMandarinproficiency(精通)aremorecompetitiveinjobapplicationAccordingtotheOfficeofChineseLanguageCouncilInternational,some100millionpeople,excludingnativespeakers,useChinese11.(global)SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ColdblessesusallIt'sNovember,thetimeofyearwhenpeopleoftengetblessedmore.ThisisnotbecauseGodlikescoldweather,norbecauseothersarefeelinggenerouswithThanksgivingjustaroundthecorner.1、Coldsandthefluarethemostcommonillnessespeoplegetinautumnandwinterastheweathergetscolder.Theyareallcausedbyviruses,butcoldsaregenerallymilder—you'llfeelannoyedbutnotasifyouwanttodie.Teenagerscatchaveragesixtotencoldsayear,accordingtostatisticsfromtheMinistryofHealth,whileadultsaveragetwotofour.Morethan200virusescausecoldsymptoms.2、Youcanbecontagious(傳染的)onedaybeforesymptomsdevelopandforuptofivedaysafterbecomingsick.Thesignaturesymptomofacoldisarunnynose.Thefluwillmakeyouburnwithfever,acheallover,feelextremelytiredandcoughintensely.Theflucansometimesleadtomoreseriousdiseases,suchaspneumonia.3、Adoctorcantestyoutoseewhetheryouhavethefluinthefirstfewdaysoftheillness.Butsometreatmentsforbothareprettymuchthesame:●4、Manydoctorsconsiderwateraweaponagainstthecommoncold.Ithelpsyourblooddriveoffvirusesandfloodthemout.●Keepwarm.Youmightbecoldoneminuteandhotthenext,andwearingseverallayersisveryimportant.●Washyourhandsfrequently.Youdon'twanttomakeitworsebyspreadingtheflutoeveryoneelse.Also,avoidsharingcupsandeatingutensils(餐具)withotherpeople.5、Butifyourflusymptomsgetworse,gotoahospitalorclinicrightaway.A.Youcanpassontheflubeforeyouevenknowyouhaveit.B.Drinklotsofwater.C.Takingmedicineontimeisagoodwaytopreventtheillness.D."Blessyou!"isacommonresponsetosneezes,thesymptomofcatchingacoldortheflu.E.Getlotsofsleepandtakeiteasy.F.Sometimes,it'shardtotellacoldfromtheflubasedonsymptomsalone.G.MostpeoplewhocatchtheflugetbetterwithouthavingtoseetheirdoctorTheplayingfieldisneverfairorequal.1、Knowingwhatyoucandotohaveanadvantagecanmakethedifferencebetweensuccess
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