河南師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院822食品科學(xué)概論專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題匯編

目錄

2011年河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解4

2012年河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解16

2013年河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院244英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解28

2014年河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院244英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解38

2015年河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院244英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解50

2017年河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院244英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解63

2018年河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院244英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解76

2011年河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院243英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.MultipleChoice（每小題1分，共20分）

1.—I?lldothewashing-up.Jack,wouldyoupleasedothefloor?

—_____.

A.Yesplease.

B.No,Idon?t.

C.Yes,sure.

D.No,notatall.

【答案】C

【解析】句意：——我要去洗衣服，杰克，你能掃地嗎？——當(dāng)然可以。A項(xiàng)“好的，請(qǐng)吧?！迸c語(yǔ)境不符。而

問(wèn)句是請(qǐng)別人幫忙，對(duì)方否定回答要委婉，不能直接用No來(lái)回答，只有C項(xiàng)最為合適。

2.Thereareover58,000rockyobjectsin_____space,about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto_____earth.

A.the,the

B.不填,the

C.the,不填

D.a,the

【答案】B

【解析】句意：太空中有超過(guò)58000個(gè)巖石物體，其中大約900個(gè)可能掉落到地球上。inspace“在太空，在宇

宙空間”為固定短語(yǔ)，中間不加任何冠詞。earth“地球”，在表示一些獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西的名詞前要用定冠詞the。

ontheearth在地球上。onearth究竟，到底。由此可知正確答案為B。

3.Jimwenttoanswerthephone._____,Harrystartedtopreparelunch.

A.However

B.Nevertheless

C.Besides

D.Meanwhile

【答案】D

【解析】句意：吉姆去接電話。而與此同時(shí)，亨利開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備午飯。however不管怎樣；然而，可是。nevertheless

然而，不過(guò)。besides此外，而且。meanwhile與此同時(shí)。由語(yǔ)境可知此處表示前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故答案選

D。

4.Joseph_____toeveningclassessincelastmonth,,buthestillcan?tsay“what?syourname?”inRussian.

A.hasbeengoing

B.went

C.goes

D.hasgone

【答案】A

【解析】句意：約瑟夫自從上個(gè)月以來(lái)一直在上夜校，但他仍然還不會(huì)用俄語(yǔ)說(shuō)“你叫什么名字？”。考查動(dòng)詞

時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sincelastmonth可排除B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或過(guò)去發(fā)

生但強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響的事情，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止一直在做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)連續(xù)性。由題意應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在

完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，即選項(xiàng)A。

5.Wewereastonished_____thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.

A.finding

B.tofind

C.find

D.tobefound

【答案】B

【解析】句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)這座古廟仍然處于原始的狀態(tài)，我們感到很驚訝?？疾椴欢ㄊ接梅?。本題中不定式在形容詞

后面作為原因狀語(yǔ)，beastonishedtoastonishedtosee/find/hear/learn表示“驚訝地看到/發(fā)現(xiàn)/聽(tīng)到/得知??”，故B

正確。

6.Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth,butit_____beregularexercise.

A.can

B.will

C.must

D.may

【答案】C

【解析】句意：醫(yī)生說(shuō)，鍛煉對(duì)健康很重要，但一定要是定期鍛煉。此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。can能夠，可以。will

將會(huì)。must一定；必須。may可以。由題意故選C。

7.Weonlyhad$100andthatwas_____tobuyanewcomputer.

A.nowherenearenough

B.nearenoughnowhere

C.enoughnearnowhere

D.nearnowhereenough

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我們只有100美元，怎么也不夠買一臺(tái)新電腦的。考查副詞用法。nowherenear是固定短語(yǔ)，意

思是“差得遠(yuǎn)；遠(yuǎn)不及”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。enough作副詞用，修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該放在被修飾詞的后

面。故A為正確表達(dá)方式。

8.Thousandsofpeople_____towatchyesterday?smatchagainstIreland

A.turnedon

B.turnedin

C.turnedaround

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】句意：成千上萬(wàn)的人打開(kāi)電視機(jī)觀看昨天對(duì)抗愛(ài)爾蘭的比賽。turnon打開(kāi)（電源、水源、電器等）turn

in上繳；交還；內(nèi)彎。turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身，好轉(zhuǎn)。turnout結(jié)果是。故A項(xiàng)與句意最為符合，故選A。

9.TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchair_____hewantedtositnexttohiswife.

A.although

B.unless

C.because

D.if

【答案】C

【解析】句意：老人讓露西挪到另一張椅子上，因?yàn)樗胱谒拮优赃?。由題意可知前后句子為因果關(guān)系，故

此處用because解釋原因。

10.I_____allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI?vebeentoobusytodoit.

A.willdo

B.do

C.amdoing

D.haddone

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我一直為全家人做飯，但最近我太忙了沒(méi)有時(shí)間來(lái)做。本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的行為。Idoallthecookingformyfamily指一直以來(lái)都在做的事情。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)

生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，或者表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。故B正確。

11.Iagreetohissuggestion_____theconditionthathedropsallcharges.

A.by

B.in

C.on

D.to

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我同意他的建議，條件是他放棄所有的指控。ontheconditionthat是固定短語(yǔ)，表示“在??條

件下”。故選C。

12.Thenewmovie_____tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.

A.promises

B.agrees

C.pretends

D.declines

【答案】A

【解析】句意：這部新電影有希望成為有史以來(lái)最吸金的電影。promisetobe“預(yù)示??有可能發(fā)生”，為固定句

型，故A為正確答案。

13.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.

A.so

B.much

D.that

D.it

【答案】D

【解析】句意：她是外國(guó)人這一事實(shí)使她很難在那個(gè)國(guó)家找到工作。首先difficult是形容詞，much后不可接形

容詞，故排除。該句中的賓語(yǔ)（getajobinthatcountry）太長(zhǎng)，因此需要一個(gè)代詞it來(lái)做形式賓語(yǔ)。

14.—It?snousehavingideasonly.

—Don?tworry.Petercanshowyou_____toturnanideaintoanact.

A.how

B.who

C.what

D.where

【答案】A

【解析】句意：——只有想法是沒(méi)有用的?！?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心。彼得可以向你展示如何把想法變?yōu)樾袆?dòng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

可知，此處是“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”代替賓語(yǔ)從句，連接詞how表示“如何，怎樣”，合乎句意，故選A。

15.AlexanderTriedtogethiswork_____intheinmedicalcircles.

A.torecognize

B.recognizing

C.recognize

D.recognized

【答案】D

【解析】句意：亞歷山大努力使他的工作成績(jī)?cè)卺t(yī)療圈內(nèi)得到認(rèn)可。getsth.done“使某事/物被做”，為固定句型，

故選D。recognize辨認(rèn)出；正式承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可。

16.Yourhouseisalwayssoneat—howdoyou_____itwiththreechildren?

A.manage

B.serve

C.adapt

D.construct

【答案】A

【解析】句意：你的房子總是很整潔——帶著三個(gè)孩子你是怎么做到的？manage經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理；設(shè)法做成，努力

完成（困難的事）；成功應(yīng)付（難題）。serve服務(wù)。adapt采納；收養(yǎng)。construct建設(shè)。由題意應(yīng)選A。

17.Helpingothersisahabit,_____youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.one

【答案】D

【解析】句意：幫助他們是一個(gè)習(xí)慣，是一個(gè)在很小的時(shí)候你就能夠?qū)W會(huì)的習(xí)慣。此題考查代詞及同位語(yǔ)的用法。

it指代上文出現(xiàn)的同一事物；that指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，后面必須有定語(yǔ)修飾；one指代可數(shù)名詞

單數(shù)，表示泛指。本題中one與ahabit構(gòu)成同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系，都表示泛指。故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

18.Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget_____fromthismedicine.

A.relief

B.safety

C.defense

D.shelter

【答案】A

【解析】句意：那些患頭痛的人將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，從這個(gè)藥物里他們的頭疼會(huì)得到極大的緩解。relief寬慰，寬心；（恐

懼、憂慮或痛苦過(guò)后的）輕松。safety安全。defense保護(hù)；防衛(wèi)。shelter庇護(hù)；避難所。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.—Herfatherisveryrich.

—_____Shewouldn?taccepthishelpevenifitwereoffered.

A.Whatfor?

B.Sowhat?

C.Nodoubt.

D.Nowonder.

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——她父親非常富裕。——那又怎么樣？即使主動(dòng)給她幫助，她也不會(huì)接受的。表示“那又怎樣，

那又如何”用“Sowhat?”。Whatfor表示“為了什么”。Nodoubt表示“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”。Nowonder表示“不足為奇；

難怪”。

20.Mothersholdingjobsoutsidethehomeshouldhave_____schedulestomakeiteasiertocarefortheirchildren.

A.heavy

B.smooth

C.flexible

D.complex

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在外工作的媽媽們應(yīng)該有靈活的工作時(shí)間以方便她們照顧孩子。flexible靈活的，可變通的。heavy

沉重的；過(guò)度的；繁重的。smooth光滑的；細(xì)膩的；流暢的。complex復(fù)雜的；合成的。故只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。

Ⅱ.Cloze(每小題0.5分，共10分)

WhenIfirstentereduniversity,myaunt,whoisanEnglishprofessor,gavemeanewEnglishdictionary.Iwas

(21)______toseethatitwasanEnglish-Englishdictionary,alsoknownasamonolingualdictionary.(22)______itwasa

dictionaryintendedfornon-nativelearners,noneofmyclassmateshadone(23)______,tobehonest,Ifoundit

extremely(24)______touseatfirst.Iwouldlookupwordsinthedictionaryand(25)______notfullyunderstandthe

meanings.Iwasusedtothe(26)______bilingualdictionaries,inwhichthewordsare(27)______bothinEnglishand

Chinese.Ireallywonderedwhymyaunt(28)______tomakethingssodifficultforme.Now,afterstudyingEnglishat

universityforthreeyears,I(29)______thatmonolingualdictionariesare(30)______inlearningaforeignlanguage.

AsIfoundout,thereis,(31)______,oftennoperfectequivalencebetweentwo(32)______intwolanguages.My

auntevengoessofarasto(33)______thataChinese“equivalent”cannevergiveyouthe(34)______meaningofa

wordinEnglish!(35)______,sheinsistedthatIreadthedefinitionofawordinamonolingualdictionary(36)______I

wantedtogetabetterunderstandingofitsmeaning.(37)______,Ihavecometoseewhatshemeant.

Usingamonolingualdictionaryforlearnershashelpedmeinanotherimportantway.Thisdictionaryusesa(n)

(38)______numberofwords,around2,000,initsdefinitions.WhenIreadthesedefinitions,Iam(39)______exposedto

thebasicwordsandlearnhowtheyareusedtoexplainobjectsandideas.(40)______this,Icanexpressmyselfmore

easilyinEnglish.

21.A.worried

B.sad

C.surprised

D.nervous

22.A.Because

B.Although

C.Unless

D.If

23.A.but

B.so

C.or

D.and

24.A.difficult.

B.interesting

C.ambiguous

D.practical

25.A.thus

B.even

C.still

D.again

26.A.new

B.familiar

C.earlier

D.ordinary

27.A.explained

B.expressed

C.described

D.created

28.A.offered

B.agreed

C.decided

D.happened

29.A.imagine

B.recommend

C.predict

D.understand

30.A.natural

B.better

C.easier

D.convenient

31.A.at

B.infact

C.attimes

D.incase

32.A.words

B.names

C.ideas

D.characters

33.A.hope

B.declare

C.doubt

D.tell

34.A.exact

B.basic

C.translated

D.expected

35.A.Rather

B.However

C.Therefore

D.instead

36.A.when

B.before

C.until

D.while

37.A.Largely

B.Generally

C.Gradually

D.Probably

38.A.extra

B.average

C.total

D.limited

39.A.repeatedly

B.nearly

C.immediately

D.anxiously

40.A.Accordingto

B.Inrelationto

C.Inadditionto

D.Becauseof

【答案與解析】

21.C由下文可知，作者是一個(gè)中國(guó)大學(xué)生，盡管這本詞典是專為非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者設(shè)計(jì)的，但作者及其同學(xué)

從前從沒(méi)用過(guò)這樣的詞典，所以當(dāng)作者看到英英詞典的時(shí)候，他是感到“吃驚的”，而不是“焦慮的”“傷

心的”或“緊張的”，故C符合題意。

22.B前后兩句在意義上是讓步關(guān)系，“盡管這本詞典是專為非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者設(shè)計(jì)的，但我的同學(xué)中，沒(méi)有

一個(gè)人從前有過(guò)這樣的詞典”，所以用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。而A項(xiàng)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；

unless和if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故選B。

23.D此處是一個(gè)并列連詞，連接前后兩句。前句表達(dá)的是“以前沒(méi)用過(guò)這樣的詞典”，后面又說(shuō)“開(kāi)始用時(shí)很

難”，兩句應(yīng)是并列關(guān)系，所以用and。but表轉(zhuǎn)折；so表因果；or表選擇。故選D。

24.A作者開(kāi)始使用英英詞典時(shí)不太習(xí)慣，且下文提到“并不能完全理解意思”，由此可推測(cè)此處意為“用起來(lái)

很難”，故應(yīng)填eresting有趣味的。ambiguous模糊的，模棱兩可的。practical實(shí)用的。

25.C句中有否定詞not和副詞fully，所以應(yīng)用still，表示“仍然不能夠完全??”的意思。

26.Bbeusedto表示“習(xí)慣于??”，對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是習(xí)慣了“熟悉的”雙語(yǔ)詞典。故familiar（熟悉的）符合

題意。

27.A該句為定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)常識(shí)：在詞典中單詞的意思是被“解釋出來(lái)”的，所以用explained。express表達(dá)。

describe描述。create創(chuàng)造。

28.C該句句意為“我真納悶我姑媽為什么決定這么為難我”。decidetodosth.決定做某事。offertodo（主動(dòng)地）

提供，給予（幫助等）。agreetodo同意做某事。happentodo碰巧??。故只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。

29.D聯(lián)系上下文，過(guò)去我會(huì)納悶姑媽為什么給我英英詞典，但經(jīng)過(guò)三年的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)，明白了英英詞典的好處。

understand理解，懂得。imagine想象。recommend推薦。predict預(yù)測(cè)。

30.B此句中將monolingualdictionaries和bilingualdictionaries作比較，A和D項(xiàng)沒(méi)有用比較級(jí)；better強(qiáng)調(diào)更好，

更實(shí)用；而easier表達(dá)句意與原文不符。故選B。

31.B該句句意為“實(shí)際上，兩種語(yǔ)言之間的兩個(gè)詞沒(méi)有完全的對(duì)應(yīng)”。infact實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上。atbest至多；充

其量。attimes有時(shí)。incase萬(wàn)一，以防。顯然A、C、D項(xiàng)不合語(yǔ)境。故選B。

32.A從下文的“姑媽甚至還聲稱漢語(yǔ)意譯不能給出一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞的確切意思”可知，兩種語(yǔ)言之間的兩個(gè)單詞

是沒(méi)有完全的對(duì)應(yīng)的，故填words（單詞）。

33.B句意為“我姑媽甚至還聲稱漢語(yǔ)意譯無(wú)法給出一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞的確切意思?！眃eclare聲稱。hope希望。doubt

懷疑。tell告訴；區(qū)別。A、C、D三項(xiàng)均不合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)最為合適。

34.A句意同上。exact確切的。basic基本的。translated被翻譯的。expected被期望的。因此A項(xiàng)最符合題意。

35.C從上文可知，姑媽不認(rèn)可雙語(yǔ)詞典，“所以她堅(jiān)持要我在想要更好理解某個(gè)單詞的詞義時(shí)，去讀英英詞典

的單詞釋義”。由此可判斷前后為因果關(guān)系，故填therefore。rather而是。however可是，然而。instead相

反，而，卻。

36.A表示“當(dāng)??時(shí)候”，用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。而before通常指“在??之前”；until指“直到??時(shí)

候”；while指“在??的同時(shí)”。

37.C該句的謂語(yǔ)havecometosee表示變化過(guò)程，所以用gradually表示“漸漸地”。largely在很大程度上；多半；

主要地。generally一般地，廣泛地，普遍地；大體而言。probably很可能。

38.D從后面的“around2,000”可知詞典中用于解釋詞義的詞匯量是有限的。limited有限的。extra額外的。

average平均的，普通的。total總的。

39.A由題意，“在有限的范圍內(nèi)，查閱閱讀釋義的話，就會(huì)反復(fù)接觸基本詞匯、學(xué)會(huì)這些詞匯怎樣用來(lái)解釋事

物和觀點(diǎn)”，所以用repeatedly表示“反復(fù)地，經(jīng)常地”。nearly幾乎。immediately立刻，馬上。anxiously

著急地。

40.D根據(jù)邏輯分析，下文的“我能用英語(yǔ)更流利地表達(dá)自己”應(yīng)該是“因?yàn)椤笔褂昧诉@本詞典的緣故。because

of因?yàn)?。accordingto根據(jù)。inrelationto關(guān)于，有關(guān)，涉及。inadditionto除此之外，而且。故D項(xiàng)符合

題意。

Ⅲ.TranslationfromChineseintoEnglishwiththeGivenWords（每小題2分，共10分）

41.這本雜志花了我20多元。(cost)

【答案】Thismagazinecostmeovertwentyyuan.

42.雨天我總是比平時(shí)起得晚。（than)

【答案】Ialwaysgetuplaterthanusualontherainydays.

43.看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗簾并把電視的音量調(diào)低了。（turn)

【答案】SeeingGrandmotherwassleepy,hedrewthecurtaintogetherandturneddowntheTV.

44.乍一看，這塊手表沒(méi)有什么特別之處，但實(shí)際上它是一部手機(jī)。(therebe)

【答案】There?snothingspecialaboutthiswatchatfirstsight,butactuallyitisamobilephone.

45.我們一致同意一旦得出調(diào)查結(jié)論，就盡早讓公眾知曉。(once)

【答案】Weagreedthatoncetheresearchconclusionwasmade,itwouldbemadepublicassoonaspossible.

Ⅳ.TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese(每小題2分，共10分)

EqualarethegenerousgiftsgrantedbyNaturetoallhumanindividuals,betheywealthyorimpoverished.

Therefore,allhumanindividualshavebecomeunanimouslyandprofoundlyindebtedtoNature.Thisisparticularlytrue

inruralareaswherewaysoflifehaveremainedintactandunchangedforpeopleforthousandsofyears—sowingcrops

andgrapes,brewinganddrinkingwines,grazingandmilkingcows,hoeinggrassesandplantingflower-trees,goingto

churchesforreligiousprayersandservicesonweekends,playingmusicalinstruments,dancingandsingingonsquares.

Thefieldsinformertimesarestilltheirpresent-dayhomesglowingwithhumanwarmth.Insuchaway,eachlocalityhas

evolveditsownuniquefolktalesandhastransmitteditsdistinctivehabitsandcustoms.

【參考譯文】

大自然對(duì)人的恩賜，無(wú)論貧富，一律平等。所以人們對(duì)于大自然全都一致并深深地依賴著，尤其在鄉(xiāng)間。上

千年來(lái)人們一直以不變的方式生活著，種植莊稼和葡萄，釀酒和飲酒，喂牛和擠奶，鋤草和栽花，在周末去教堂

祈禱和做禮拜，到廣場(chǎng)拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田園依舊是今日的溫馨家園。這樣，每個(gè)地方都有自己的傳說(shuō)，

風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來(lái)。

Ⅴ.ReadingComprehension（每小題2分，共30分）

PassageOne

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek?sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowrisky

itistogetaliftfromateenagedriver.Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikely

tohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone.Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreases

witheachadditionalpassenger.

Theauthorsalsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespecially

aftermidnight,withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.

RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeath

ratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithalackofdrivingexperience.“Thebasic

issue,”Hesays,“isthatadultswhoare-responsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledatask

drivingis.”

Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate（使??緩解）theproblemistohavestates

instituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicense

requiresthatateenagerfirst,provehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdriving

withnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.

Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthe

statesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionson

passengers,Californiaisthestrictest,withanovice（新手）driverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20

(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

46.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

A)Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.

B)Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

C)Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.

D)Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.

47.AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto_____.

A)theirfrequentdrivingatnight

B)theirimproperwayofdriving

C)theirlackofdrivingexperience

D)theirdrivingwithpassengers

48.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

A)Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.

B)Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.

C)Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.

D)Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers?drivingaccidents.

49.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers,drivingaccidentsisthat_____.

A)drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule

B)theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers

C)theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.

D)thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

50.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem_____.

A)isunderdiscussion

B)isabouttobesetup

C)hasbeenputintoeffect

D)hasbeenperfected

【答案與解析】

46.B從文中第一段“Arecentstudy…offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver”以及第二

段中“thedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight,

Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident”可知在夜間搭乘未成

年人的車是很危險(xiǎn)的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

47.C文章第三段提到“thehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith?reallystupidbehavior?than

withjustalackofdrivingexperience”意即“未成年駕駛者的高死亡率更多的應(yīng)歸咎于缺乏駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)而不是

愚蠢的行為”。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

48.D第三段中指出，“Thebasicissue…isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehow

complexandskilledataskdrivingis.”即基本的問(wèn)題在于那些負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放駕駛執(zhí)照的人們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到開(kāi)車是

件復(fù)雜并且需要熟練技術(shù)的工作。因此選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)法正確。

49.D文中第四段提到，“Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigatetheproblemistohave

statesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems，inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess”，由此可

知解決此問(wèn)題的辦法在于建立漸進(jìn)式發(fā)證系統(tǒng)，獲得駕駛執(zhí)照須經(jīng)多個(gè)階段。即要降低事故發(fā)生率，應(yīng)當(dāng)

建立完善發(fā)證系統(tǒng)。這與D項(xiàng)意思相同，故選D。

50.C根據(jù)最后一段“Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace”即這種發(fā)

證系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在過(guò)半數(shù)以上的州得以實(shí)施。故C項(xiàng)說(shuō)法正確。

PassageTwo

AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenandayoungboysatdownthenext

table,Icouldn?thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:“So,howhaveyoubeen?”

Andtheboy—whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold—replied.“Frankly,I?vebeenfeelingalittle

depressedlately.”

Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcan

remember,myfriendsandIdidn?tfindoutwewere“depressed”untilwewereinhighschool.

TheevidenceofachangeinChildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon?tseemchildlikeanymore.

Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.

Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists.

Why?

Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnatebiologicalstales,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.

Movementfromonesocialroletoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealways

beentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfilth

graders.

Inthelast30years,however,asecret-revelationmachinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itis

calledtelevision.Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminatelytoallviewersalike,betheychildrenoradults.

Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevivid

movingpictures.

Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationto

whichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedand

practices.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.

51.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis_____.

A)asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachild

B)somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild

C)aninevitablehasofchildren?smentaldevelopment

D)amentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildren

52.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld_____.

A)throughcontactwithsociety

B)graduallyandunderguidance

C)naturallyandbybiologicalinstinct

D)throughexposuretosocialinformation

53.Thephenomenonthattoday?schildrenseemadultlikeisattributedbytheauthorto_____.

A)thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevision

B)thepoorarrangementofteachingcontent

C)thefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopment

D)theconstantlyrisingstandardofliving

54.Whyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintforchildren?

A)Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.

B)Itdevelopschildren?sinterestinreadingandwriting.

C)Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpracticemore.

D)Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.

55.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday?schildren?

A)Hefeelsamusedbychairprematurebehavior.

B)Hethinksitisaphenomenonworthyofnote.

C)Heconsidersitapositivedevelopment.

D)Heseemstobeupsetaboutit.

【答案與解析】

51.B由題干feelingdepressed定位至文章第二段，作者說(shuō)到“myfriendsandIdidn?tfindoutwewere“depressed”

untilwewereinhighschool”，即“我和我的朋友們直到高中才開(kāi)始感覺(jué)沮喪”，言下之意就是小孩子是不

會(huì)出現(xiàn)沮喪心理的。符合此意的是選項(xiàng)B。

52.B本題討論孩子學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)知識(shí)的途徑，本文第五段提到，“Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,but

slowlyandinstages”其中betaughtinstages（按階段，循序漸進(jìn)）對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B中的underguidance與gradually。

故B為正確答案。

53.A文章第六段講到，電視在美國(guó)社會(huì)的普及，以及電視不分地域、不分老幼地傳播信息的特點(diǎn)對(duì)孩子們的學(xué)

習(xí)途徑產(chǎn)生影響：“manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstomovingpictures”由此可推斷孩子

們?nèi)缃竦脑缡焓怯捎陔娨暤膹V泛影響。故該題選A。

54.D作者在最后一段主張孩子們應(yīng)該通過(guò)印刷媒介交流信息，“Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,

allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.”即通過(guò)印刷媒介交

流可以控制兒童能夠接觸到的信息。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。

55.D第四段中作者提出：“Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay”似乎對(duì)兒童的變化是好是壞沒(méi)有做出評(píng)

判，而最后一句話又說(shuō)“Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials”由此可見(jiàn)

作者的態(tài)度是為這種現(xiàn)象感到憂慮。故D項(xiàng)說(shuō)法最為合適。

PassageThree

Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,

destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectly

normaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingor

treatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthe

domesticsetting.

Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn?tsolve

allbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineof

communicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyou

wantittodo.

Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,

sit.”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack

byusingextrememeasure.Youcanteachyourdogitssubordinaterolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Most

dogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.

Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogether

moreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthan

anuntrainedanimal.

56.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelievedto_____.

A)bejustpartoftheirnature

B)worseninmodernsociety

C)occurwhentheygowild

D)presentathreattothecommunity

57.Theprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingisto_____.

A)teachthedogtoperformclevertricks

B)makethedogawareofitsowner?sauthority

C)providethedogwithoutletsforitswildbehavior

D)enablethedogtoregainitsnormalbehavior

58.Effectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowneris_____.

A)essentialtosolvingthedog?sbehaviorproblems

B)thefoundationfordogstoperformtasks

C)agoodwaytoteachthedognewtricks

D)anextrememeasureinobediencetraining

59.Whydodogsloveperformingtricksfortheirmasters?

A)Toavoidbeingpunished.

B)Toshowtheaffectionfortheirmasters.

C)Towinleadershipofthedogpack.

D)Toshowtheirwillingnesstoobey.

60.Whenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,itsowner_____.

A)cangivethedogmorerewards

B)willenjoyabetterfamilylife

C)cangivethedogmorefreedom

D)willhavemoreconfidenceinhimself

【答案與解析】

56.A根據(jù)題干中的behaviorproblems定位至文章第三句“Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldog

activities…”幾乎所有的行為問(wèn)題都是狗的正常行為，即狗的行為問(wèn)題“僅僅是它們天性中的一部分”，

由此可知A正確，B、D兩項(xiàng)在文中未提及，選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)該句occuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirected

atthewrongthing的曲解。故選A。

57.C根據(jù)第1段尾句“Thekey…islearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatare

acceptableinthedomesticsetting．”和第2段首句“Oneofthebestthings…istoobediencetrainit”可知C