2023年考研英語真題及復(fù)習(xí)資料詳解-(含復(fù)習(xí)資料-譯文-詞匯講解)

Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimtsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousm3withothers.TheoriesfocusingontheMosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisa crimes7lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretenChangesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly9juvenilecrimerchangesintheeconomythat10tofewerjobdiscontentmayin12leadFamilieshavealso13c15wascommonintofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseccommittingacriminalact,20adirectcausalrelatio[B]noticedHuntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerthekeywordslegal,intellectualpropnotificationofanopening.“IstruckgemployerandwonapositionasiWiththousandsofcareer-relatedsitesotime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstdo—thenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,"scounselingimplicitinalloftservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,"saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.outmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforpotentialjobs—thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemoourmessages,weseeasEventhosewhoaren'thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.SomeusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”searchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyesl21.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?[B]Bypostingamatch22.Whichofthefollowingcanbe[A]Lackofcounseling[B]Limit[C]Lowerefficiency23.Theexpression"tipservice"(Line4,24.WhydoesCareerSite'sagentoffereachjob[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.[B]Toattractmorer[D]Toincreasetherateo25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?[A]Personalsearchagen[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracethei[D]SomeagentsstopsendinginOverthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnesmadeillegal.Butoneinsunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.carswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.Lesswellknownistheadvantahalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeopleThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessorhalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.EvenmorestrofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi).ThHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,BufCanthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tonames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyasimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabdisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifibecausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslesscoThehumiliationcontinues.Atunivawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandatdrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAA[A]Akindofoverlookedinequ[B]Atypeofconspicuou[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.[D]Akindofbranddiscrimina27.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthree[B]Thealphabetistoblameforthefailure[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosu28.The4thparagraphsu[A]questionsareoftenputtot[C]teachersshouldpayatte[D]studentsshouldbeseat29.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeop[B]Theyarenoisilydozi[D]Theyarebusywithwordpu30.Whichofthefollowi[A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithN[C]Thecampaigntoel[D]PuttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionWhenitcomestotheslowiprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.“Idon'tknowifoEvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadmissionthatoutlets,saleshavebeenllastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThankyear'space.Butdon'tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlycotheydosomemodestbelt-tightConsumerssaythey'renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulhefortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,“there'sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4milliontoS1WallStreetbonuses,"saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets."Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygsaysJohnTealdi,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolkstheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdowninterestrates.Employerswouldn'tmindalittlefewernewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.[A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusines[B]Speroistoomuchen[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.32.Howdothepublicf[A]Optimistic.[B]Confused.[A]Theywouldbenefitince35.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagrgetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Sypervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren'tdi“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeLefitBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourButtheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidvulnerabletoexploitandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullylesscivilsociety.”“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzer-Prizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.FromthebeginningofourHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeselitism.Practicality,commonsense,andqualitiesthananythingyoucouldRalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:athing.”MarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoIntellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfrreluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplatIntelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,rewonders,theorizes,criticizes,Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistruseducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho"joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheiintellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowthe36.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchil[B]Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.37.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentransChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSTherelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphiGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadswhichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwerevtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasandEddescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.(42)Weareolanguages.Otherlinguistsintwithbizarredatafrom“exotic”language,werenotalwayssograteful.(43languageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfroAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferent,somuchsoinfactthatNaSapir'spupil,BenjaminLeeWhorf,continuedBeinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whstructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructurofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.(45)Whorfcametobelieoflinguisticdeterminismwhich,initssthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproofasociety.Later,thisideabecametobeknownastheSasomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflSapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.Studythefollowingdrawingca2.interpretitsmeaning,and3.supportyourviewwithexamples.答案解析很多探討青少年犯罪(即低齡人群犯罪)的理論要么強調(diào)個人要么強調(diào)社會是導(dǎo)致犯罪本題要求考生推斷空格處應(yīng)填入什么分詞與on搭配，構(gòu)成分詞短語。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，文章第一段由三個平行結(jié)構(gòu)的長句子構(gòu)成，其主要結(jié)構(gòu)為Manytheoriestuition.(她的學(xué)費依靠于父母);Hernovelscenteredontheproblemsofadolescence.(她的小[B]assimilation(into)適應(yīng)、同[C]cooperation(with)與……的合作[D]consultation(with)和……的協(xié)商本題要求考生推斷空格處應(yīng)填入什么名詞，與withothers搭配構(gòu)成名詞短語，來做 (作用);assimilation表示“(文化、風(fēng)俗等的)同化”,詞根為similar(相同的),assimilate4.[A](in)return(for)可先解除C選項inreferenceto,因為它表示“關(guān)于……,就……而言”,填入空格后明顯語義明顯不通；最終對inreplyto和inresponseto進行比較，這兩個短語區(qū)分的關(guān)鍵在其中心regrettoinformyouthatwecannot5.[A]or或者，表并列[B]butrather(非固定搭配)詞來連接，所以or正確。allofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.(那位老科學(xué)家突然去世了，(于是)留下了沒有7.[A]on涉及、關(guān)于[B]in以……方式[解析]本題考核的學(xué)問點是：邏輯關(guān)系+介詞用法辨析?？忌紫纫揽崭袼诰渥拥闹髡Zthelatter(后的孩子”;其次要搞清晰空格前后部分Thelattercommitcrimes和lackofadequatecontrol之間的邏輯關(guān)系。由于上文始終在探討本題要求考生推斷選項中哪個形容詞可以與介詞to搭配，潔感冒的)。那么關(guān)鍵看哪個能符合句意?？崭袼诰渥邮茿lltheoriesaretentativeandare9.[A]affect影響，感動，[解析]本題考核的學(xué)問點是：上下文語義+動詞詞義辨析。邏輯上講，只能是“犯罪率(的變更)反映了社會結(jié)構(gòu)的變的變更反映了犯罪率(的變更)”。再次，由于上下文中不涉及到犯罪率凹凸變更問題，可10.[A]point(to)指向，指明，讓人[B]lead(to)通向，導(dǎo)[D]amount(to)總計，等于，等同，接近[解析]本題考核的學(xué)問點是：上下文語義+動詞短語辨析。theeconomy,謂語是空格處填入的動 (達成諒解);Herstandardsamountedtoperfection(她簡直要求事事十全十美)。因此考生關(guān)學(xué)問點補充：與to搭配的短語動詞還包括：applyto(適合),bringto(醒悟，停下來),conformto(相稱),fallto(起先),objectto(反對),referto(提及，指),setto(著手),taketo(寵愛上，用心于),yieldto(屈服于)。[解析]本題考核的學(xué)問點是：句內(nèi)語義+固定短語。由于空格所在長句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)完整：changesintheeconomy(主語)make(謂語)employment(賓語)difficulttoobtain(賓補),填入的短語明顯只能做狀語來修飾謂語。考生須要推斷哪個短語填入后能使句子意思更加完整。依據(jù)句子的含會削減，失業(yè)率上升)的經(jīng)濟變更11使收入豐厚的工作很難被找到例句補充：Childreningeneralareceive5letterseachday.(我們每天平均收到五封信);Mr.Greeniscontrast,hisbrotherw兄弟要健談的多);Atlengththeyreachedtheirdestination.(他們最終到達了目的地)。[C](in)turn輪番地，依次；又(對別人)做同樣的事[解析]本題考核的學(xué)問點是：句內(nèi)語義+固定搭配。語)moreyouths(賓語)intocriminalbehavior(賓補),填入的名詞與in搭配后在句中作狀short,societymustbereorganized.(總之，社會必需重組);HefoundthatMaryhadtold告知了理查德);Heisinessenceanhonestperson.(他本質(zhì)上是個誠懇的人)[C]undertaken擔(dān)當(dāng)，許諾[解析]本題考核的學(xué)問點是：上下文語意+動賓搭配。在句子的內(nèi)部語意，答案可以不只一個。因此考生要依據(jù)上下文來確定最佳會結(jié)構(gòu)變更談到經(jīng)濟變更再談到家庭變更；下文則提到，越來越多的家庭變成單學(xué)問點補充：除了這個題目外，2023年英語學(xué)問第2題也考到了與change構(gòu)成動賓搭bringabout,experience,accommodate(to),adaptedto,adjustt可見，這里須要一個表因果關(guān)系的邏輯副詞，選項中只有conse在的)孩子們在家里得到的父母的監(jiān)護，要比(than)在傳統(tǒng)的家庭和代詞的性質(zhì)，相當(dāng)于thanwhat,比如這句話就相當(dāng)于childrenhavelesssupervisionthananapafterlunch,asisherhabit.(午飯后她一般午睡，這已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣);其次，填入which和as,句子的含義就成了：孩子們在家里得到的監(jiān)護越來越少的現(xiàn)象在傳統(tǒng)家庭中特別普[解析]本題考核的學(xué)問點是：上下文語意+名詞詞義辨析。familiesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents是相比照的，后者為現(xiàn)代家庭較遠，第三段首句提到changesinthesocialstructure,接下來依次提到changesintheeconomy空格的前文是lackofparentalsupervisionisaninfluence(影響，緣由)onjuvenilecrime前面提到的是“一個……的緣由”,也就是說這個形容詞是上buriedinthebackyard.(警察oftencentsinpricesisnegligible.(買一套衣服價錢只差一角錢是無所謂的);Hewasdressed修飾，描述造成青少年犯罪的一種緣由。首先可解除allocation,因為它不能飾；其次，從邏輯上講，“毒品和酒精的價錢(expense)提高”、“對毒品和酒精的限制 項很大的花費);Thereisarestrictionagainstsmokinginschools.(學(xué)校禁止吸煙);Sugarunderallocationduringwartime.(斗爭時期糖是配給的);Theavailabilityofcleanwaterharmful.(讓身體暴露在劇烈的陽光下會可能是有害的);ThecomedianenjoyedgreatPartAText1A部分第一篇Text1全文翻譯找尋任何職業(yè)，都得從一個窄的概念動身，即你想要干什么,然收到電子郵件時，把它看作是提示你該去查一查資料庫的新信息了。(長難句②)一本求職場對于自己行業(yè)的需求狀況，或者收集有關(guān)薪水的信息以便和老板協(xié)商加薪時有所打算。文章脈絡(luò)分析：題目具體解析21.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?21.雷德曼是怎樣找到工作的?四個選項都提到“database”,從文章首句可知，它指的是網(wǎng)上的一個求職資料庫。關(guān)鍵看雷代理”,敲入了幾個關(guān)鍵詞，幾周后就得到了空缺職位的通知。接著他22.Whichofthefollowingcanbea22.下面哪一個可ofsearchagents?[A]Lakeofcounseling.文章其次段一、二句談到搜尋代理的優(yōu)點是：避開了人工重復(fù)性地訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫。連詞23.Theexpression“tipservice”(Line4,23.“tipservice”(第三段第四行)Paragraph3)mostprobablyme[D]reminder隱含的求職建議。instead轉(zhuǎn)折之后，下文對這個詞匯進行了說明：whenyougetE-mail,來剛好跟蹤一個特定數(shù)據(jù)庫里的工作信息),tipservice與reminder前后呼應(yīng)。eachjobhunteronlythreejob[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.[B]Toattractmorer[D]Toincreasetherateo設(shè)計上考慮讓它誘使求職者回訪網(wǎng)站)。接下來的內(nèi)容具體說ensabletojob-hunters.25.依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，下面哪一個是正確[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailinhelpfultothosealreadyempl是必不行少的，解除A選項；文章只在第五段首句提到“一些人利用搜尋代理(發(fā)來的電子郵件)親密關(guān)注職業(yè)市場對于自己行業(yè)的需求狀況”,解除B選項；從雷德曼的經(jīng)驗可以知道，找到工作后還是可以接著運用搜尋代理服務(wù)的，因此D選項也不對。①It'saninteractivefeatusalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedint②Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-rnail,consideriforexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs—thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.forexample點明白這個句子和前一句之間的關(guān)系：舉例說明前面一句同位語，中心詞是those,后面接定語從句。句之中的it回指CareerSiteinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingWorkingwithapersonalsearch(1)stumbled(n./v.)絆(2)notification(n./v.)通知(書),布告，告示；notify(v.)(用正式信件)通知(3)strike(v.)邂逅，發(fā)覺~gold發(fā)覺金子(5)counseling(n.)(對個人、社會以及心理等問題的)詢問服務(wù)counsel(v.)提出(5)post粘貼(帖子)(6)compensation賠償(金)[美]薪水，工資(for)(1)intellectualproperty學(xué)問產(chǎn)權(quán)種不公允待遇的人，可以這么向他們說明：它指的是卑視那些姓氏字母在字母表中排得靠分布的，但令人不敢信任的是大部分的杰出人物的姓氏字母卻都排在了A到K之間。26位姓氏字母排在了字母表的前半部分，只有16位排在了后半部分。(長難句②)更令人富有的五個人也是這樣，(佳句)他們的名字分別是：蓋茨、巴菲特、艾倫、埃利森和阿爾莫非這僅僅只是巧合嗎?有一種理論是那些在字母排序中處于劣勢的人閑暇之余臆造里，在投票選舉單上，在與會發(fā)言人和參與者名單中……往往都是依據(jù)字母先后依次的排26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoil[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.[D]Akindofbranddiscriminati象。原文中的insidious和unaware對應(yīng)題干中的overlooked,discrimina27.Whatcanweinferfromthe[B]alphabeticallydisadvanoftheirstudents.選項，選項B、D無從推起，只有選項C比較符合邏輯，因為文章一起先就談到按字母排peopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”[D]Theyarebusywithwor在文中的含義是什么(第五段其次至三行)?輪到那些姓氏字母靠后的人時，大多數(shù)參與者差不多都在……了。理解的關(guān)鍵是ZZZ,它獅子發(fā)出“ZZZZ”聲的畫面，表示它在酣睡。這個題目是考研閱讀中首次考查學(xué)生透過語言30.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordi[A]Peoplewithsurnames[A]姓氏字母為N到Z的人常常受到而沒有涉及消退它是否很困難。因此C選項錯誤。文章中雖文章第一大考點就是對于例證法的考查，包括其次段(原考題第1題)、第三段(參見補充考點第1題)、第四段和第五段中提到的Zysman(補充考點第2題)。文章前三段列舉點第3題)。此外，還可以考察一些語言點(原考題中的第4題)以及對文章整體意思的把握(原考題中的第3題和第5題)①This,forthoseasyetunawarethosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.沒有意識到存在這種不公允待遇的)人來說”;賓語discrimination后跟介詞短語againrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessorhalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.該句子的主干是由and連接的兩個分句，即Americanpresidentandvice-presidenthave作定語，直譯為“美國的總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)有(分別以B和C字母開頭的)姓氏”;其次個分句26位有(排在字母表前半部分的)姓氏”,另外一個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)against…的完整形式是againstjust16ofGeorgeBush'有(排在字母表后半部分的)姓氏”。③Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,liattendees:alltendtobedrawnAsaretheworld'sfiveriches從這句話里考生可以學(xué)會as的用法。如這篇文章的alphabeticallyadvantaged…closetothetopofthealp(1)condemn(v)指責(zé)，反對；宣判；宣告…不適用(6)suspiciously(ad.)猜疑地，懷疑地(9)coincidence(n.)巧合(的事)??；事情起先走下坡”(11)humiliation(n.)羞辱，蒙恥，使人丟臉的條件或環(huán)境(12)literally(ad.)照字面地；完全地，在準(zhǔn)確或嚴(yán)格的意義上；差不多，簡直退休者refugee逃難者不知道其他的客戶是否也會棄我而去。”經(jīng)濟減速的跡象。隨著消費者削減開支，從汽車銷售商到乎僅僅是中度關(guān)注，沒有恐慌，很多人說，即使當(dāng)他們略微勒緊褲腰帶的時濟的遠景還是樂觀的。(長難句①)場有點泡沫。盡管很多消費者似乎始終受到股票市場波動的影響，投資者卻把這種波動看作持續(xù)旺盛必不行少的一個因素。(長難句②)就餐者從中也得到很大的好處。(佳句③)31.By“EllenSperoisn't[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwo[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.個47歲的美甲師修剪、銼磨、上油的指甲卻沒有自己希望的那樣多了文章其次段先列舉了一些經(jīng)濟形勢不好的例子，然后在后半段起先談及公眾對此的看并不是mildlyconcerned最干脆的近義詞，而僅比C選項更加接近而已。range”(第三段第三至第四行)的時候，[C]股票交易的狀況，可見這兩個都是例證，主要談?wù)摰氖欠康禺a(chǎn)業(yè)。那么,其中引用的話語也應(yīng)當(dāng)是圍繞這個主題綻開的。假如有考生不知道房地產(chǎn)的英語單詞，接著往下看的時候，發(fā)覺John案為B。A選項是借用了文中的goldrush而捏造的干擾項。C選項看似正確，但留意它和房地文章最終一段首句出現(xiàn)了題干中的這句話，緊接著作者運用排列的手法舉例證明：買35.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthor35.對但考察角度是詞義。此外，還考察了一些語言點(如，考題第1題和第3題),其中，第3點就是運用了例證法，其中第一段和第三段是他考點第1題。文章其次段和第四段有所不同，是對例子的排列，這實細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題或推理引申題(如，其他考點第2題和第3題)。optimisticabouttheeconomy'slong-termprospectsevenastheyd②Manyconsumersseemtohavebeennowviewasanecessaryingredientto①Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoffnumberofapplicantsis6thousand,offfrom7thousandoflast②Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmos沒有hold形象。③Dinersmightseeanu(2)downscale(v.)縮減Text4全文翻譯精神世界中批判、創(chuàng)建和思索的一面。智力尋求的是理解、運用、整合和調(diào)整，而示出對那些在才智上沒有前途的孩子們的認(rèn)同?！钡谝欢危阂悦绹瞬涣粢獠胖菫橐?，段末點明文章的中心：這種現(xiàn)象在美國教化中家，民主程度要較以前遜色得多?！?6.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpectt[B]Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.依據(jù)第一段第三句話“即使我們的學(xué)校也只是我們送孩子去接受好用教化(apractical可以得出正確答案為C。文章多次提到學(xué)校忽視了才智教化的觀點，僅從pervasiveanti-intellectualism就可推斷出D選項錯誤。A和B選[A]undervaluingintellec[C]supportingschoolreform.37.從文章中我們可以知道美國具有38.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersonon38.拉維奇和愛默生對于學(xué)校教化的觀點[C]complementary.39.Emerson,accordingto[A]apioneerofeducationreform.[B]anopponentofintellectualism.智教化，與好用、常識和先天聰慧(第四段最終一句)不同。因此正確答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是B選項。確定在B和C兩個選項內(nèi)。接下來，考生須要推斷的就是愛默生對才智主義是支持還是反40.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?40.作者如何看待才智?判學(xué)校和社會忽視或輕視才智的做法，因此C選項是他的觀這篇文章總結(jié)起來涉及了兩大考點：事實細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)(原考題第1、2、3、4題)和作者觀點看法(原考題第5題)。對于事實細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，試題命制者采納了敏捷的方式，既有單純的事以及對他們觀點進行比較是一個很好的考點，如原考題中的第3、4題，而且這個角度也是點(補充考點第2題),也可以從例證角度設(shè)計試題(補充考點第1題)。此外還可以命制文章主旨大意題(補充考點第3題)。①Ravitch'slatestbook.LefiBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareaAmericandistasteforintellectualpu②“IntellectisresentedasaformofpowerorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanLrootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,anhistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadter。后面連接的inAnti-intellectualisminAmericanLife①Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourhavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.使)和smellof(有…的味道),三個詞都是熟識的詞匯，但用在這里都特別形象化。平常在求);Thedesireforsuccesshasdrivenhimtoworkdayandnight(成功的愿望驅(qū)使他夜以繼日地工作);Hiswordssmellofchallenge(他的話有一些挑戰(zhàn)的味道),等等。②Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-oponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizes,aas24hourseliminatedfr作生命中又消逝了24小時)。(2)entrepreneur(n.)企業(yè)家(3)exemplify(v(5)pervasive(a.)普遍的，滲透的(6)privilege(n.)特權(quán)(7)proclaim(v.)宣布，聲明；顯示，顯露(9)symptom(n.)癥狀，征兆(10)vulnerable(a.)易受攻擊的，易受損害的；脆幾百年來，哲學(xué)家始終對語言與思維的關(guān)系很感愛好。(41)希臘人認(rèn)為語言的結(jié)構(gòu)和思維過程有某種聯(lián)系，這種觀點早在人們意識到語言的千差萬別之前就已經(jīng)在歐著語言。(42)我們得感謝他們，因為在此之后，隨著說這些語言的人消亡或甚愛好的語言學(xué)家，卻并不總是心懷感謝。(43)新近被描繪的語言與過去已經(jīng)得到充分探討的歐洲及東南亞語言之間的區(qū)分如此顯著,以至于一些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)博厄斯和薩皮爾捏的關(guān)系很感愛好，結(jié)果他得出這樣的觀點：語言的結(jié)構(gòu)確定一個社會習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。他說這種語言的人沿著一個軌跡思維，而不是另外一個軌跡。(45)沃爾夫漸漸信任某種語言確定論，該理論最極端的形式聲稱，語言限制思想，并且，語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)可對一個社會(41)TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforeppeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlos該句也是困難的復(fù)合句，其結(jié)構(gòu)分三層。第一層是含緣由狀語從句的復(fù)合句，主干是句中套as緣由狀語從句，從句的主干是theselanguageshavas緣由狀語從句中套定語從句，主干是peoples(whospokethem)diedoutorbecameassimilatedandlost…。其中定語從句whospokethem限定先行詞people,做主語；謂語