2023年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件句子成分和五大基本句型

英語(yǔ)句子成分和五大基本句型2023年11月11日1.今天有好多事情要做。Haveatry1.今天有好多事情要做。Todayhasalotofthingstodo.

Ihavealotofthingstodotoday.

英語(yǔ)重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語(yǔ)重語(yǔ)義

“就句子的結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語(yǔ)言是法治的，中國(guó)語(yǔ)言是人治的?！?-王力思考：英語(yǔ)句子是詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分。包括：主語(yǔ)/謂語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)句子的成分學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1.了解英語(yǔ)主要句子成分和五大基本句型。2.分析句子成分并能辨別五大基本句型，會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單的英漢互譯。表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主語(yǔ)

GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Threeisenough.Doingtheworkishardforhim.

Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.

-名詞-代詞-數(shù)詞-動(dòng)名詞-不定式-主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.說明主語(yǔ)“做什么”或“怎么樣”,謂語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)詞。主謂要一致謂語(yǔ)

WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.謂語(yǔ)在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.表示動(dòng)作,行為的對(duì)象說明主語(yǔ)“做什么”賓語(yǔ)

CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后賓語(yǔ)Hegavemetwobooks.TomteachesusEnglish.雙賓語(yǔ)人是間接賓語(yǔ)，物是直接賓語(yǔ)

Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.A

B

C

D賓語(yǔ)在哪里說明主語(yǔ)“是什么”,“怎么樣”位于系動(dòng)詞之后表語(yǔ)Hermotherisateacher.Thefoodtastesdelicious.找出表語(yǔ)Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修飾名詞或代詞定語(yǔ)She’sagood

basketballplayer.What’syourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.找出定語(yǔ)Some

people

forgot

tosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

DTheman

overthere

was

tryingtosleep.

A

B

C

D區(qū)分表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)Sheisoutgoing.Sheisanoutgoinggirl.

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、頻率、伴隨、目的等。狀語(yǔ)ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesatthere

quietly.找出狀語(yǔ)He

began

writing

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

DThere

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的情況

賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)WecalledhimBob.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.

I

saw

Mr.Wang

gettingonthebus.A

B

C

DThey

callme

Lilysometimes.

A

B

C

D找出賓補(bǔ)Summary句子成分2謂語(yǔ)“做什么”或“怎么樣”，描述主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)3賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞后面主語(yǔ)“什么人”或“什么事”說明謂語(yǔ)所表示的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者1表語(yǔ)“是什么”,”怎么樣”，和前面的系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)45定語(yǔ)用來修飾名詞或代詞6狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或句子。表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)方式原因目的結(jié)果等。7賓補(bǔ)用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的情況練習(xí)分析下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)Everybody

laughed

looks

fine.

lent

me

hercar.

make

him

theirmonitor

stayed

inahotel.

IrecognizedhimjustashegotoffthebusHesaidthatlearningaforeignlanguageisveryimportant.ThemanwhomwevisitedlastSundayisafamouswriter.4.Insummer,myparentsoftenaskmyyoungerbrother,Jack,nottoswim.5.Theboyinterestedinpopmusicwassittingtherejustnow.五大基本句型1.主+謂Classbegins.2.主+系+表Thisisabook.3.主+謂+賓IlikeEnglish.4.主+謂+間賓+直賓Hegavemeapicture.5.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)Wekeeptheclassroomclean.1.鳥會(huì)飛。Birdscanfly.2.他昨晚讀了一本有趣的書。Hereadaninterestingbooklastnight.3.那聽起來有趣。Thatsoundsinteresting/fun.4.我給我父母買了一些特別的東西。Iboughtmyparentssomethingspecial.5.她總讓我開心。Shealwaysmakesmehappy.translate指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbushappily.主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)2.Iboughtanicepresentformysister.

賓語(yǔ)3.HisjobistoteachthestudentsChinese.

表語(yǔ)

4.IfIhaveenoughmoney,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld.

條件狀語(yǔ)5.Theboyhasfinishedhishomework.

謂語(yǔ)判斷下列句子類型Thingschanged.

2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.

5.Ifoundthebookeasy.主謂S+V主系表S+V+P主謂賓S+V+O主謂賓S+V+IO+DO主謂賓賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+OC1.Theyworkhard.

主+謂2.Theflowerisdead.

主+系+表3.Plant