老高考適用2023高考英語一輪總復習第二編語法突破專題十形容詞和副詞北師大版

專題十形容詞和副詞1.(2021·全國甲卷，45)Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!答案：better其后的連詞than暗示要用比較級形式，故填better。2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，59)Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the(hot)thespring!答案：hotter此句含有一個“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”句型，意為“越……，越……”。由thecolder和設空前的the可知，此處應用hot的比較級。故填hotter。3．(2020·天津高考，7)AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon'thavetoreadthebookifwedon'twantto,asitis(option)．答案：optional句意：根據(jù)約翰遜教授的說法，如果我們不想讀這本書，就不必讀，因為它是可選擇的。作表語，用形容詞形式。故填optional。4．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ，68)Asthesmallboatmoved(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.答案：gently句意：當小船緩緩地沿著江面移動時，山在水中的倒影使他說不出話來。此處修飾動詞moved應用副詞gently作狀語，表示“緩緩地”。5．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，68)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯覺)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.答案：higher根據(jù)設空后的than可知，此處應用high的比較級形式higher。6．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ，61)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraininghardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.答案：so此處是so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如此……以至于……”，so修飾副詞hard。7．(2019·浙江高考，65)Schooluniformsare(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.答案：traditional此處形容詞作表語，用來說明主語schooluniforms的特點。故填traditional。8．(2021·全國乙卷，短文改錯)What'smore,doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.答案：mentally→mental此處應用形容詞mental作定語修飾名詞relaxation。故將mentally改為mental。9．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.答案：interesting→interestedbecomeinterestedin“變得對……感興趣”。故將interesting改為interested。10．(2019·全國卷Ⅱ，短文改錯)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.答案：coolly→cool連系動詞look后跟形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。一形容詞1．形容詞的作用形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語以及狀語。Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundus.Shecanbereallystubborn.Ifounditdifficulttocalmdown.[注意]①有些形容詞通常作表語，不能像普通形容詞那樣作前置定語，這樣的形容詞稱為表語形容詞，表語形容詞作定語時需后置，如alive,alone,asleep,alike,afraid,awake,ashamed,sure。Heisthegreatestwriteralive.Heistheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.②有些形容詞只能作定語，不能作表語，這樣的形容詞稱為定語形容詞，如golden,wooden,silken,live,elder,former,latter,front,back,outer。2．形容詞在句中的位置(1)單個形容詞作定語時，一般放在被修飾的名詞之前；兩個或兩個以上的形容詞修飾一個名詞時，排列順序一般應考慮以下兩種情況：①和被修飾的名詞關(guān)系比較密切的形容詞位置更靠近名詞。JaneEyreisamovingEnglishnovel.②音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的形容詞在后。Ihaveasmallbutbeautifulroom.(2)多個形容詞排序常見形容詞順序歸納為口訣如下：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡與新老，顏色國籍出材料，作用類別往后靠。即限定詞(冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等)＋描繪性形容詞(beautiful、interesting...)＋大小、長短、高低形容詞＋形狀、年齡、新舊形容詞＋顏色、國籍、出處、材料形容詞＋用途、類別形容詞＋中心名詞?？梢院唵蔚赜洖椋骸翱h官行令宴國才(限冠形齡顏國材)?！盩heoldladywantstobuyabeautifulredChinesesilkdressforherdaughterasapresent.TheyboughtacharmingbigroundnewblackFrenchwoodenwritingdesklastyear.(3)單個形容詞作定語時，在下列情況之下，形容詞應放在被修飾詞之后。形容詞修飾不定代詞something,nothing,anything等時應后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereisnothingdangeroushere.3．倍數(shù)表達法的句式倍數(shù)表達法主要有以下5種：(1)...倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as...(2)...倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞比較級＋than...(3)...倍數(shù)＋thesize/length/weight/heightof...(4)...倍數(shù)＋thatof...(5)...倍數(shù)＋what...[注意]表示倍數(shù)的詞始終在前面。①我們的新房子是舊房子的三倍大。Ournewhouseisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimesthesizeoftheoldone.②2017年的汽車產(chǎn)量比2016年的產(chǎn)量大六倍。Theoutputofcarsin2017isseventimesthatof2016.＝Theoutputofcarsin2017isseventimeswhatitwasin2016.二副詞1．副詞的作用副詞是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句的詞，說明時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。Hegotupearlythismorning.Thebuildingtherelooksverysmall.[注意]有些副詞可修飾名詞，用以加強語氣。常用的這類副詞為quite,rather,even等。Weheldquiteapartylastweekend.Evenachildwon'tbelievesuchastoryyoutold.2．副詞的分類時間副詞now,today,recently,late,soon,yet頻率副詞often,always,usually,seldom,frequently地點副詞away,abroad,anywhere,downstairs,home,here,there方式副詞clearly,carefully,badly,quietly,quickly程度副詞almost,(a)little,much,very,rather,quite,fairly,deeply疑問/連接副詞when,where,why,how否定副詞not,hardly,scarcely,rarely,never3．副詞在句中的位置時間副詞和地點副詞一般放在句尾。如果這兩種副詞同時出現(xiàn)在句中，則把地點副詞放在時間副詞前面，也可把時間副詞放在句首。但always,seldom,often,never,rarely等副詞通常放在行為動詞之前，放在情態(tài)動詞、助動詞和be動詞之后。Theywillgotheretomorrow.Ioftengotoschoolatseveninthemorning.Mybrotherisseldomlateforschool.[注意]①enough作為副詞時總是置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。Thebookiseasyenoughforlittlekids.②enough作形容詞時，可置于名詞之前或之后。Wehaven'tenoughtime/timeenoughtoprepareforthemeeting.三形容詞與副詞的比較級和最高級1．比較級和最高級的基本構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化續(xù)表(2)不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2．比較級和最高級的用法(1)比較級的用法①“比較級＋than”，表示一方超過另一方。Ourschoolisbetterthanthatone.②“l(fā)ess＋原級＋than”，表示一方不及另一方。Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.③“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”，表示“越……，越……”。Thehigherthetemperatureis,thegreaterthepressureis.④“比較級＋and＋比較級”，表示“越來越……”。Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.[注意]比較級可以被even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,any,rather,no,agreatdeal,byfar等修飾。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.(2)與比較等級相關(guān)的常用表達①moreBthanA＝lessAthanB“與其說A不如說B”。Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.＝Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.②morethan“不僅僅……”；nomorethan＝only“僅僅，只不過”；notmorethan“至多，不超過”。Languageismorethanatoolwithwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.③no＋比較級＋than...“都不”，是對兩者的共同否定，且側(cè)重前者；而not＋比較級＋than...“不及”，表前者不如后者。JosiespeaksChinesenomorefluentlythanherbrother.Idon'trunfasterthananyoneelseinmyclass.(3)最高級的用法①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the＋最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等詞語所修飾。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.ThisisbyfarthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Inaddition,singingingroupshelpedpeoplefeel(little)stressed,enhancedtheirmoodandincreasedtheirconfidence,socialskillsandfeelingofwell－being.答案：less根據(jù)后面的“enhancedtheirmood...feelingofwell－being”可知，合唱幫助人們緩解壓力，即幫助人們感受到更少的壓力，故用副詞little的比較級less，修飾其后的形容詞“stressed”。2．How(consider)andwonderfulofyoutoremembermybirthday!答案：considerate句意：您真的很體貼，還記得我的生日！how后面接形容詞，構(gòu)成感嘆句。3．Inthe2014PISArankings,whichmeasuresglobaleducationalstandards,Thaistudentsperformedbelowtheglobalaverageandmuch(bad)thanthosefrompoorerVietnaminsubjectslikemathsandscience.答案：worse根據(jù)后文中than的提示可知，設空處應為比較級，bad的比較級為worse。4．AsArtificialIntelligencebecomes(increasing)complicated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.答案：increasingly修飾動詞短語becomescomplicated，應該使用副詞作狀語。5．Whatthetreatyaimstodoistopreventthe(commerce)andmilitaryuseofthecontinent.答案：commercial句意：該條約的目的是防止該大陸被用于商業(yè)和軍事用途。commercial“商業(yè)的”與military“軍事的”并列，共同修飾use“用途”，故填commercial。6．(hope),itwilllowerthenumberofpeoplehitandkilledbycarsinthecity.答案：Hopefully句意：希望此舉能減少該市被汽車撞死的人數(shù)。hopefully為副詞修飾整個句子，置于句首。故填Hopefully。7．Afteralltheworkhadbeendone,weheadedhome,(tire)buthappy.答案：tired句意：所有工作完成之后，我們回家了，雖然疲勞但是開心。說明句子主語we的特征，所以用形容詞作狀語。8．Idon'tthinkwhathesaidis(relevance)tothetopicwearediscussing.答案：relevantrelevant“有關(guān)的，貼切的”。berelevantto“與……相關(guān)”，固定搭配。9．TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met)isoneoftheworld's(large)artmuseums.答案：largest句意：大都會藝術(shù)博物館是世界上最大的博物館之一。根據(jù)“oneofthe＋形容詞最高級＋復數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處使用largest。10．EmperorQinshihuangmadethesevenmajorstatesintoone(unite)countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.答案：united設空處修飾名詞country，應用形容詞，表示“統(tǒng)一的國家”。故填united。Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Wecouldseeveryclearastrangelightaheadofus.答案：clear→clearly修飾動詞see應用clear的副詞形式。2．Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.答案：earlier→early由句子中的副詞often可知，是一個經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，無比較的對象，故需用原級。3．Theyhavealsoboughtsomegardeningtools;beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheInternet.答案：beside→besidesbeside是介詞，根據(jù)句意和beside后面的逗號可知，此處應用副詞besides(而且，此外)。4．Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.答案：difference→different名詞kinds前應該用形容詞作定語，differentkindsof...“不同種類的……”。5．Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.答案：freely→freebefreefrom“免于，不受……的影響，沒有……的影響”，固定搭配。Ⅲ.短文改錯(2021·甘肅省天水市第一中學高三第五次考試)I'vebeenplayingvolleyballsincethreeyearsbefore.Itstartedwhenateachersetupvolleyballclubinourschool,hopethatmorestudentswouldjoininthesport.Theclubwasverypopularthatmanystudentssignedupforit.Tobehonestly,atthattimeIjustfollowedthemwithoutthinking.WepracticedtogetheroneverySaturdaymorning.However,someofthestudentssoonbegantogetboringanddroppedoutoftheclub.SoIfoundIwasquiteenjoyingitandIcarryon.Aftertrainingforsometime,Iwasselectedfortheschoolteam.WhatexcitedandproudIwas!答案：I'vebeenplayingvolleyballsincethreeyearseq\o(before,\s\do8(①ago)).Itstartedwhenateachersetupeq\o(∧,\s\do8(②a))volleyballclubinourschool,eq\o(hope,\s\do8(③hoping))thatmorestudentswouldjoininthesport.Theclubwaseq\o(very,\s\do8(④so))popularthatmanystudentssignedupforit.Tobeeq\o(honestly,\s\do8(⑤honest))，atthattimeIjustfollowedthemwithoutthinking.Wepracticedtogethereq\o(eq\o(on,＼),\s\do9