頁巖氣實驗測試技術(shù)與資源計算方法研究中文版

Ladies

and

gentleman,

on

behalf

of

unconventional

oil

and

gas

laboratory,

It

is

my

honor

to

here

to

haveapresentation

shale

gas

core

analysis

foryou.I

amliu

Honglin.

Today,

My

presentation

topic

is

shale

gas

core

analysis

required

for

GIP

estimates.頁巖氣實驗測試技術(shù)與資源計算方法研究劉洪林Liuhonglin69@中國石油勘探開發(fā)研究院廊坊分院2011-9-6My

topic

include

six

parts.

Over

view

shale

reservoir

system,

shale

gas

content

lab

testing

,

primarily

introducing

what

we

can

do

in

shale

gascontent

estimate.Tight

rock

analysis

can

also

provide

many

important

parameters

to

calculate

the

Gas

in

place

and

Recovery.

At

last,

I

would

like

to

discuss

withyou

about

challenges

thatwe

faced.匯報提綱頁巖氣綜合評價的關(guān)鍵問題頁巖氣含氣量實驗測試與實例致密巖石孔滲實驗測試與實例頁巖氣資源與可采系數(shù)分析初步認(rèn)識與面臨的挑戰(zhàn)Shale,

which

consists

mainly

of

consolidated

clay-sized

particles,

is

the

Earth’s

most

commonsedimentaryrock.In

many

oil

fields,

shale

forms

the

geologic

seal

that

retains

the

oil

and

gas

,

preventing

hydrocarbons

fromescaping

to

the

surface.

In

a

handful

of

basins,

however,

layers

of

shale—sometimes

hundreds

of

feet

thick

and

covering

millions

of

acres—are

both

the

source

and

reservoir

for

natural

gas.These

gas

shales

have

four

things

in

common:

They

are

rich

in

organic

Carbon,

have

free

and

adsorbed

gas,

self

originated

and

self

preservationand

ultralow

permeabilityThere

also

five

common

traits

of

gas

shale

field:

Abundant

gas

(40

to

150

BCF/mi2)

,○

Low

recovery

efficiency

(8

to

15%)

,○

Large

areadevelopments○Require

fracture

stimulation

,○

Long

well

life

,○

Require

extensive

technical

evaluations1、頁巖氣的基本特征頁巖氣是一種特殊的非常規(guī)天然氣,賦存于泥巖或頁巖中，具有自生自儲、無氣水界面、大面積連續(xù)成藏、低孔、低滲等特征，一般無自然產(chǎn)能或低產(chǎn)，需要大型水力壓裂和水平井技術(shù)才能進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)開采，單井生產(chǎn)周期長。頁巖儲層地質(zhì)特征與生產(chǎn)規(guī)律：特征1：儲層低滲致密，納米級孔隙發(fā)育特征2：賦存方式多樣，氣源多成因并存特征3：具有自生自儲，源內(nèi)成藏的特征特征4：豐度相對較低，大面積連續(xù)分布特征5：無自然產(chǎn)能，需要大型壓裂改造特征6：井產(chǎn)量遞減特殊，早期快后期慢Shale

gas

reservoirs

behave

as

triple

porositysystems

that

have

different

gas

storage

and

flow

characteristicsGas

is

stored

by

sorption

within

the

first

pore

systemconsisting

of

micropores

(with

diameters

less

than

2

nm)

and

mesopores

(with

diameters

between

2

and

50

nm).

These

pore

sizes

are

found

within

clays

and

solid

organic

material.

Mass

transfer

is

dominated

by

diffusion.the

secondpore

systemconsists

of

macropores

with

sizesgreaterthan

50

nm.

Gas

is

expected

to

bestored

by

compression

and

in

solution

within

liquid

hydrocarbons(if

any

are

present)

and

water.

Mass

transfer

is

by

a

combination

of

diffusion

and

Darcy

flow

in

this

system.

The

void

volume

of

this

porosity

systemcan

be

quantified

with

core

porosity

measurements

and

log

interpretation.The

third

porosity

systemconsists

of

natural

fractures.

Gas

is

expected

to

be

stored

by

compression

and

in

solution

within

liquid

hydrocarbonsand

water.

Mass

transfer

will

be

due

to

Darcyflow.

Commercial

gas

production

requires

that

the

natural

fracture

systembe

present

andinterconnected.The

majority

of

gas-in-place

is

contained

within

the

first

two

porosity

systems.

It

is

important

to

quantify

the

storage

volumes

within

the

first

twoporosity

systems

and

the

natural

fracture

permeability

of

the

third

porosity

system.2、頁巖儲氣機(jī)理具有雙孔隙或三孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的儲層體系納米孔、微孔(<2

nm)和小孔(<50

nm)以吸附態(tài)儲集以擴(kuò)散方式運移中孔-大孔(>50

nm)以溶解態(tài)和壓縮形態(tài)儲集以擴(kuò)散和達(dá)西流方式運移裂隙系統(tǒng)(主要指天然裂隙)大量溶解在水中或液態(tài)烴內(nèi)以溶解和壓縮的形態(tài)儲集以達(dá)西流方式運移■頁巖氣地質(zhì)評價需考慮有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、演化程度、埋藏深度、單層厚度、硅質(zhì)含量、頁巖含氣性（吸附氣、游離氣）、頁巖物性、孔隙度、流體飽和度和儲層物性等地質(zhì)要素和指標(biāo)。頁巖含氣量孔隙度、飽和度有機(jī)質(zhì)豐度巖石組成據(jù)中國石油、斯倫貝謝、shelton

harding等重要參數(shù)3、頁巖氣評價指標(biāo)My

topic

include

six

parts.

Over

view

shale

reservoir

system,

shale

gas

content

lab

testing

,

primarily

introducing

what

we

can

do

in

shale

gascontent

estimate.Tight

rock

analysis

can

also

provide

many

important

parameters

to

calculate

the

Gas

in

place

and

Recovery.

At

last,

I

would

like

to

discuss

withyou

about

challenges

thatwe

faced.匯報提綱頁巖氣綜合評價的關(guān)鍵問題頁巖氣含氣量實驗測試與實例致密巖石孔滲實驗測試與實例頁巖氣資源與可采系數(shù)分析初步認(rèn)識與面臨的挑戰(zhàn)1.SedimentologyandPetrography

analysis2.Geochemical

analysis3.Gas

content

analysis4.Tight

Rock

Analysis5.Reservior

Developmentand

sitimulation

anlysis頁巖氣實驗測試內(nèi)容Because

of

three

gas

storage

mechanisms,

we

have

the

equation

to

calculate

the

total

gas

contentof

shale.

Total

gas

equal

to

sorbed

gas

plus

freegas

plus

dissolved

gas游離氣：含氣飽和度主要通過巖芯分析確定另外，巖芯中還可能存在有少量溶解氣，一般忽略不計部分游離氣：頁巖滲透率低，取心到地面后可能還有部分現(xiàn)場測定吸附氣：主要通過巖芯、井壁取芯和巖屑解吸實驗確定室內(nèi)分析室內(nèi)計算1.頁巖含氣量測試技術(shù)為了有效確定頁巖儲層中的氣體含量，通過實踐研究開發(fā)了一套儀器設(shè)備、制定了方法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。頁巖含氣量計算公式：Gst

=

Gs

+Gsf

+Gsd“The

volume

of

sorbed

gas

can

be

quantified

by

first

recovering

a

core

sample,

placing

it

inside

a…sealed

canister

at

the

wellsite,

and

then…measuring

the

volumes

of

gas

released

inside

the

canister.

We

used

modified

Direct

methods

for

adsorbed

gas

estimation.

The

testing

procedureinclude

six

steps:Equipment

preparationcoringsamplingRecording

and

Testingcore

Sealing

and

savingCore

DescriptionProcedure現(xiàn)場吸附氣測定與計算The

adsorbed

gas

include

lost

gas

and

measured

gas,

residual

gas.

The

lost

gas

is

gas

lost

before

core

sealing

in

canister,

The

canisters

are…maintained

at

reservoir

temperature

.Methane

had

desorped

frommicropore,

then

diffuse

in

matix

as

soon

as

the

core

leave

thereservior.

Through

the

early

gas

readings,

we

canestimate

the

lost

gas

volume.

After

we

had

measure

the

core

for

1

or

2

days,

we

terminate

the

nature

desorption

,

then

we

resample

two

or

threelittle

sample

from

the

core

taken

out

canisters.

We

crushed

the

little

sample

to

get

residual

gas.

After

this

steps

we

ultimately

acquired

theadsorbed

gas

in

shale.吸附氣分析We

also

integrate

the

Modified

direct

method

intoasoftware

,

easily

to

calculate

the

adsorbed

gas

,free

gas

and

dissolved

gas.

This

two

figureswas

used

for

adsorbed

gas

analysis

through

linear

and

binomial

regression.實例：現(xiàn)場分析損失氣、測量氣和殘余氣量Lost

gasresidual

gasmeasured

gaslostgas擬合方程與結(jié)果Itis

really

instance.

Different

proportion

of

different

sample

may

be

caused

by

nature

and

matrix

permeability.不同樣品吸附氣量的變化Free

gas

and

dissolved

gas

can

be

calculated

by

the

equation

and

sorbed

gas

can

be

estimated

by

the

methods

similar

to

coalbed

methane.Free

gas

equal

to

phi

multiply

Sg,

divided

by

result

of

bulk

density

multiply

BgIn

this

case,

the

oil

saturation

is

zero,

Sometime

,

if

the

reservoirs

has

oil,

we

should

consider

the

oil

saturation

and

solution

gas-oil

ratio游離氣量和溶解氣量的計算This

is

real

stance

.We

can

see

that

in

order

to

estimate

the

total

gas

content

accurately

,

many

reservoir

parameter

was

used

.

Solution

Gas-oilratio

aslo

think

about.

Although,

a

little

influences

on

dissolved

gas

content

because

low

porosity

and

oil

saturation.頁巖樣品含氣量測試計算結(jié)果綜合數(shù)據(jù)表不同樣品間游離氣與吸附氣具有不同的比例關(guān)系In

order

to

evaluate

the

adsorb

capacity

of

shale.

Usually

we

carry

out

adsorption

isotherm

analysis.

The

theoretical

gas

storage

capacity

is

afunction

of–

Kerogen

content

(increaseswith

TOC)–

Kerogen

type–

Gas

composition

(methane,

ethane,

etc)–

Temperature–

Reservoir

pressure

(increases

with

pressure)2.等溫吸附測試評價技術(shù)要求等溫吸附儀器高溫、高壓和高精度頁巖吸附能力與下列參數(shù)有關(guān):TOC的含量高低干酪根類型氣體組分溫度（隨溫度增加而減?。毫ΓS壓力增加而增加）We

introduced

adsorbed

saturation

to

appraise

the

reservior.吸附飽和度的計算與實際意義吸附飽和度：75%My

topic

include

six

parts.

Over

view

shale

reservoir

system,

shale

gas

content

lab

testing

,

primarily

introducing

what

we

can

do

in

shale

gascontent

estimate.Tight

rock

analysis

can

also

provide

many

important

parameters

to

calculate

the

Gas

in

place

and

Recovery.

At

last,

I

would

like

to

discuss

withyou

about

challenges

thatwe

faced.匯報提綱頁巖氣綜合評價的關(guān)鍵問題頁巖氣含氣量實驗測試與實例致密巖石孔滲實驗測試與實例頁巖氣資源與可采系數(shù)分析初步認(rèn)識與面臨的挑戰(zhàn)致密巖石分析綜合數(shù)據(jù)表To

calculate

gas

content

and

gas

in

place

,

some

principal

data

from

tight

rock

analysis

is

needed.

Include:同樣4%體積的游離氣，有效孔隙度為5%，需要含氣量飽和度高達(dá)Sg=80%；而16%，僅需要25%。孔隙度和含氣飽和度對于計算游離氣量很重要！給定游離氣的體積為4%，觀察孔隙度與含氣飽和度的變化SW=30%SW=20%2031

-2064

m1914

-1940

m1865

-1889

mCF井基質(zhì)滲透率與含氣飽和度關(guān)系CF井DX、DX2井、DX4井差好利用核磁共振技術(shù)快速測定流體飽和度，用于頁巖氣評價Gas

saturation

tested

by

NMR實例：該井的含水飽和度63.25-80.08%該井含氣量:0.02-0.15m3

/t高成熟度頁巖,沒有油，干氣samplecoreNMR

resultsCore

No.Depth

(m)water

saturation

(%)Effectiveporosity

(%)Mobilefluidsaturation(%)Freshcorevacuum

andwater

saturatedwatersaturationincrement111(1/12)50.31-50.5072.5210027.480.286.10253(2/9)155.92～156.2064.8510035.150.5510.51366((6-7)/15)186.72～187.0280.0810019.920.556.84473(8/12)207.35～207.6367.6310032.370.0562.995113(2/5)295.75-295.9863.2510036.750.286.10My

topic

include

six

parts.

Over

view

shale

reservoir

system,

shale

gas

content

lab

testing

,

primarily

introducing

what

we

can

do

in

shale

gascontent

estimate.Tight

rock

analysis

can

also

provide

many

important

parameters

to

calculate

the

Gas

in

place

and

Recovery.

At

last,

I

would

like

to

discuss

withyou

about

challenges

thatwe

faced.匯報提綱頁巖氣綜合評價的關(guān)鍵問題頁巖氣含氣量實驗測試與實例致密巖石孔滲實驗測試與實例頁巖氣資源與可采系數(shù)分析初步認(rèn)識與面臨的挑戰(zhàn)頁巖氣資源富集與否，與各種地質(zhì)因素有關(guān)(儲層抬升、斷裂等)頁巖氣資源計算與評價是頁巖氣最重要的工作之一資源量=A

x

h

x

ρx

Gct面積(A)厚度(h)視密度(ρ)含氣量(Gct)頁巖氣資源量計算吸附氣計算其中Gs

吸附氣體積,scfA

面積,acresh

厚度,feetρ

視密度,g/cm3Gsc

吸附能力,scf/ton游離氣計算其中：Gf

游離氣體積,scfA

面積,acresH

厚度,

feet

Φe

有效孔隙,

%Sg

含氣飽和度，%Bg

氣體地層體積系數(shù)吸附氣可采系數(shù)其中：fsg

吸附氣可采系數(shù)，%GsL

蘭氏體積,

m3/tG