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專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(三十九)[科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解(二)](限時(shí):25分鐘)(一)TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld'smostearthquake-prone(有地震傾向的)countriescouldbecomepartofitslong-termenergysolution.WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan'stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanesehigh-techcompaniesareleadersingeothermal(地?zé)岬?technologyandexportit,itsuseislimitedinthenation.“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy,”saidYoshiyasuTakefuji,aleadingresearcherofthermal-electricpowerproduction.ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11,2011causedareactionagainstatomicpower,whichpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan'senergyneeds,andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies,whichaccountforonly8percent.ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy,followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan'spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.“Wecan'tevendig10cminsidenationalparks,”saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric,addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,“Producingelectricitybyusinghotspringsisadecades-longproject.Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.”TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington,theUS,believedJapancouldproduce80,000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology,witha70percentmarketshare.In2010,FujiElectricbuilttheworld'slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AlternativeenergiesinJapanB.Theworld'slargestgeothermalplantC.JapantakestheleadingeothermaltechnologyD.Japan2.WhatpercentageofJapan'senergyneedsisgeothermalenergy?A.About8%.B.Below1%.C.Around30%.D.Over80%.3.AccordingtoShigetoYamada,thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds________.A.a(chǎn)changeofrulesB.financialsupportC.localpeople'shelpD.hightechnology4.Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalong-termprogramby________.A.YoshiyasuTakefujiB.HideakiMatsuiC.ShigetoYamadaD.YokoOno5.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________.A.theworld'sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmericaB.JapanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnologyC.thepotentialofJapan'sgeothermalenergyisgreatD.itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan(二)Doctorssometimesprescribelighttherapytotreataformofdepressioninpeoplewhogettoolittlemorningsun.Buttoomuchlightatothertimemayactuallycausesuchmooddisorders.Long-lastingexposuretolightatnightbringsdepression,anewstudyfinds,atleastinanimals.Thenewdataconfirmobservationsfromstudiesofpeoplewhoworknightshifts,saysRichardStevensoftheUniversityofInthenewstudy,TracyBedrosianandRandyNelsonofOhioInasecondtest,micewereclockedonhowlongtheyactivelytriedtoescapeapoolofwater.Thoseexposedtonightlightsstoppedstrugglingandjustfloatedinthewater,asignof“behaviouraldespair”,10timesaslongasthemicethathadexperiencednormalnighttimedarkness.Allsymptomsofdepressiondisappearedwithintwoweeksofthemicereturningtoanormallight-darkcycle,theresearchersreport.Thescientistsalsocouldquashthebehaviouralsymptomsbyinjecting(注射)thebrainsofanimalswithadrugthatprohibitstheactivityofcertainmoleculeslinkedwithhumandepression.Thisfindingfurthersuggeststhatlightatnightmaycausesomethingrelatedtodepression.Humanstudieslinkingnighttimelightandmooddisordersareimportantbutcan'teasilydetectmolecularunderpinnings(分子結(jié)構(gòu))asanimalstudiescan,saysGeorgeBrainardofThomasJeffersonUniversity.Thenewwork,hesays,suggeststhatthechangeofthebiologicalclockbylightatnightcanbe“anextremelypowerfulforceinregulatingbiologyandbehaviour”.1.Afterbeingexposedtocontinuousnighttimelight,themice________.A.changedtheirpreferencesB.escapedfromthewatermoreeagerlyC.remainedactiveasbeforeD.showedlessinterestintheirfavourites2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quash”inPara.4probablymean?A.Study.B.Predict.C.Ease.D.Cause.3.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.lightatnightmayhavepracticalvalueB.thebiologicalclockisbeneficialtohumansC.humanmooddisorderscannotbehealedeasilyD.humanstudiesaremoreimportantthananimalstudies4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Nighttimelightmayfosterdepression.B.Adrughasbeenfoundtocuremooddisorders.C.Thestudyonanimalscanbeappliedtohumans.D.Humanbiologicalclockcanbecontrolledbylight.(三)HousedinMilan,oneofEurope'sdirtiestcities,LeonardodaVinci'smasterpieceTheLastSupperstillfacesathreatfromairpollution,researcherssay,despitepreventativemeasuresthathavesignificantlydecreasedpollutantsinthechurchwherethefamouspaintingisondisplay.In2009,Italianauthoritiesinstalledaheating,ventilation(通風(fēng))andair-conditioningsystemtoprotectthepaintingfromMilan'spollutedair.Toseewhetherthesystemcouldimproveairquality,ateamofresearchersledbyConstantinosSioutas,aprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineeringattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,placedtwoair-qualitymonitorsinsidethechurchforayeartocollectsamplesfromaroundpainting.ResultsshowedthelevelsoffineandcoarseAlthoughtheresearchersapplaudedthesuccessfuldecreaseinparticulatesarounddaVinci'spainting,theywarnedthatindoorsourcesofpollutionmaystillposeathreattothepricelesspainting.Fattylipids(油脂)fromtheskinofcustomersinthechurchappearedinsignificantquantitiesaroundthepainting,despitethefactthatvisitorsgettingaccesstotheartworkarestrictlyregulated.Onlyafewvisitorsareallowedinsidethechurchatatime,andtheyenterthebuildingandcanstayforonly15minuteseach.However,fattylipidsfromvisitors'skincancombinewithdustintheairandpollutethepaintingiftheycomeincontactwithit,saysstudyresearcherNancyDaheroftheUniversityofEvenpreviousrestorationsofthepaintingmaypolluteitssurface,Dahersaid.Tinyparticulatesofthewaxappliedduringearlyrepaireffortscanbeemittedfromthepainting,getintotheairandtarnish(使失去光澤)thepaintinginthesamemannerasthefattylipids.Theresearchersnotedthattheirair-sampleanalysiscouldbeusedasapointofreferenceforfuturestudiesaimedatprotectingvaluableartworkandartefacts.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“particulates”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Thesmallestpartsofachemicalsubstance.B.Thingsdirtierthanusual.C.Certaintypesofgas.D.Extremelysmallpiecesofdirt,whichcauseseriouspollution.2.Accordingtothetext,thefollowingfactorspollutethepaintingEXCEPT________.A.fattylipidsfromtheskinB.tinyparticlesofthewaxC.breathofthevisitorsD.dustintheair3.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheirair-sampleanalysis?A.Theair-sampleanalysiswasgotbygatheringairinthechurchforayear.B.Theair-sampleanalysisshowedthatthepaintingwascompletelyawayfromairpollution.C.Theair-sampleanalysiscanbehelpfulforfuturestudiesprotectingvaluableartwork.D.Theair-sampleanalysisshowedthattheparticulatesarounddaVinci'spaintingweredecreasedsuccessfully.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.HowtodecreaselevelsofparticulateseffectivelyB.Thefamouspainting—daVinci'sTheLastSupperC.KeepingairpollutionfromdamagingdaVinci'sTheLastSupperD.Howtoprotectartworkinhouseholds

專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(三十九)(一)【要點(diǎn)綜述】文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地?zé)崮?。因?yàn)槿毡臼堑卣鸲喟l(fā)國(guó)家,國(guó)家地?zé)崮芊浅XS富,所以地?zé)崮軐⑹侨毡镜男滦吞娲茉础?.D主旨大意題。文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地?zé)崮?,圍繞地?zé)崮艿脑掝}展開。故選D項(xiàng)。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第七段“Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.”可知,日本地?zé)崮懿坏?%,主要依賴于化石燃料和原子能。故選B項(xiàng)。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第四段“…addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.”可知,要開發(fā)地?zé)崮苄枰獙F(xiàn)行的規(guī)章制度進(jìn)行改變,故選A項(xiàng)。4.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從“ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,‘Producingelectricitybyusinghotspringsisadecades-longproject…”可知,HideakiMatsui認(rèn)為

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