艾滋病在非洲en

Socio-Economic

Impact

of

HIV/AIDSin

AfricaADF

2000Presented

by:AnitaAlban

and

Lorna

Guinness,

UNAIDSFrom

“Health

Issue”

to

“DevelopmentCrisis”l

Destruction

of

social

capitalKnowledgebase

of

societyProduction

sectors:

agriculture,

industryl

Weakeningof

institutionsGovernance,

civil

service,

judiciary,

armedforces,

education,

healthInhibition

of

private

sector

growthl

Wider,

deeper

povertyEconomic

Growth

Impact

of

HIV

(1990-1

.2-1

.4-1

.60510303515

20

25HIV

Prevalence

Rate

(%)97)Figure2:

Growth

Impact

of

HIV

(1990-97)

(80

developing

countries)0-0

.2-0

.4-0

.6Reduction

in

growth

r-a0t.e8

GDPper

capita

(%,per

year)-1Source:

R.

Bonnel

(

2000

)

Economic

Analysis

of

HIV/

AIDS,

ADF

2000

Background

paper,

WorldBankHIV/AIDS

changes

the

welfare

ofcountriesIn

1998

UNDP

estimated

that

the

Human

DevelopmentIndex

(HDI)

of

South

Africa

would

be

15%

lower

dueto

AIDS

in

2010.Source:

HIV/AIDS

&

Human

Development

South

Africa,

UNAIDS

&

UNDP,

2000Orphans:

A

Lost

Generationl

Numbers

are

largeand

growingl

Social

support

systems

are

overwhelmedl

Risk

of

a

lost

generation:little

or

no

educationpoor

socializationsocial

upheavaleconomic

underclassOrphans

as

a

result

of

AIDS,

Zambi1

200

000

Number

of

orphans

1

000

000800

000600

000400

000200

00001980

1985

1990

1995

2000

20052010

projectionSource

:

HIV/AIDS

in

Zambia,

1997HIV

prevalence

in

Nigerian

military

personnelaccording

to

years

of

duty

as

peacekeepers,1998

-

1999012Years

of

duty

as

peacekeepers3161412HIV

preval1e0nce

(%)8642Source:

Adefolalu

A.

3

rd

All

African

Congress

of

Armed

Forces

and

Police

Medical

Services,1999

,

PretoriaImpact

at

the

Household

LevelProduction

&earningsInvestment

andconsumptionHousehold

healthand

compositionPsychic

costs¨Reducedincome¨Reducedproductivity¨Reallocation

oflabour&

land¨Medical

costs¨Funeral

costs¨Legal

fees¨Dissavings¨Changes

inconsumption&

investment¨Health

maintainingactivities

reduced¨Loss

of

deceased¨Poor

health

ofsurvivors¨Dissolution

ofhousehold¨Disutility

toindividual¨Grief

ofsurvivorsSource:

Terminology

-

S.

Kongsin,

2000Impact

of

HIV/AIDS

in

urban

households,C?te

d’IvoireGeneral

populatioFnamilies

living

with

AIDSSource:

Simulation-

basedon

data

from

Bechu,

Delcroix

and

Guillaume,

1997Monthly

income

per

capitaMonthlyconsumptionper

capita5

00010

00015

00020

00025

000

0–

5

00030

000

Francs

CFA

Savings/DisavingsSource:

Schneider

et

al,

2000

paper

presented

at

IAEN

symposium,

2000Household

Impact

of

HIV/AIDS

inRwandal

In

a

four

health

facility

survey:Annual

per

capita

use

of

outpatient

healthservices

was

11

visits

per

year

for

PLWHA

compedwith

0.3

visits

in

the

general

populationAnnual

per

capita

health

expenditures

inhouseholdswere$

63

for

HIV/AIDS

patientscomparative

to

$3

for

households

on

averageLess

than

30%

of

householdswere

able

to

meetthe

costs

of

health

care

from

their

own

resourcesHousehold

Impact:

Caring

for

Orphanl

A

study

from

Uganda

shows

that

25%

ofhouseholds

are

providing

for

an

orphanSource:

Lyons,

M.

1997l

A

study

from

Tanzania

shows

that

21%

of

thefamilies

in

Bukoba

district

were

fostering

an

orphanSource:

Rugalema,

1999Production

in

households

with

an

AIDSdeathinCropsZimbabweReduction

in

outputl

Maize61%l

Cotton47%l

Vegetables49%l

Groundnuts37%l

Cattle

owned29%Source:

P.

Kwaramba

1997Funeral

expenses,

commercial

farm,

KenySource:

Rugalema

et

al.

1999Impact

on

the

Business

sectorl

The

impact

on

business

depends

on

the

benefitpackage

offered

by

individual

firms

&

include:costs

of

treatment

and

funerals,absenteeism,replacement

workers,reduced

productivityre-training

andfamily

pensionsCosts

to

Businessesl

Costs

of

HIV

to

5

firms

in

Botswana

is

estimated

torise

7

times

between

1996

&

2004

to

equal

5%

of

thewage

billSource:

Greener,

R.

1997l

Production

loss

as

a

result

of

AIDS

was

shown

to

bemore

than

3%

of

gross

profit

in

1995/96

on

a

Malawitea

estateSource:

Jones,

C.

1997The

cost

of

AIDS

to

business

dependson

labor

intensity

(%

of

profit)Source:

AIDSCAP,

199616

percent1412108642019942005TextileLight

Mfg&

SvcsWoodprocessingSugarEstateTransportati

AverageonDemand

&

Supply

for

EducationDemand:The

school

enrollment

rate

among

orphanswas

39%

in

Central

African

Republic,

two

thirdsof

the

national

rate

of

60%Source:

Survey

from

CAR,

UNICEF,

1999Supply:12%

of

all

educators

in

South

Africa

wereestimated

to

be

HIV

positive

in

2000Source: Coombe,

C.

2000Children

who

have

lost

a

teacher

toAIDSl

More

than

1%

of

the

children

in

19

countries

haveexperienced

a

teacher

who

has

died

from

AIDSl

More

than

2%

of

the

children

in

Namibia

have

experienced