基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)常用英語(yǔ)詞匯

根底化學(xué)常用英語(yǔ)詞匯英文全稱縮寫中文AbstractsAbstr.文摘Abbreviation縮語(yǔ)和略語(yǔ)Acta學(xué)報(bào)Advances進(jìn)展AnnalsAnna.紀(jì)事AnnualAnnu.年鑒，年度Semi-Annual半年度AnnualReview年評(píng)AppendixAppx附錄Archives文獻(xiàn)集AssociationAssn協(xié)會(huì)Author作者Bibliography書目，題錄BiologicalAbstractBA生物學(xué)文摘Bulletin通報(bào)，公告ChemicalAbstractCA化學(xué)文摘CitationCit引文，題錄Classification分類，分類表CollegeColl.學(xué)會(huì)，學(xué)院CompactDisc-ReadOnlyMemoryCD-ROM只讀光盤CompanyCo.公司Content目次Co-term配合詞，共同詞Cross-references相互參見Digest輯要，文摘Directory名錄，指南DissertationsDiss.學(xué)位論文EditionEd.版次EditorEd.編者、編輯ExcerptaMedicaEM荷蘭《醫(yī)學(xué)文摘》Encyclopedia百科全書TheEngineeringIndexEi工程索引Etal等等EuropeanPatentConvertionEPC歐洲專利協(xié)定Federation聯(lián)合會(huì)Gazette報(bào)，公報(bào)Guide指南Handbook手冊(cè)Heading標(biāo)題詞IllustrationIllus.插圖Index索引CumulativeIndex累積索引IndexMedicusIM醫(yī)學(xué)索引InstituteInst.學(xué)會(huì)、研究所InternationalPatentClassificationIPC國(guó)際專利分類法InternationalStandardBookNumberISBN國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書號(hào)InternationalStandardSeriesNumberISSN國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)刊號(hào)JournalJ.雜志、刊Issue期〔次〕Keyword關(guān)鍵詞LetterLet.通訊、讀者來(lái)信List目錄、一覽表Manual手冊(cè)MedicalLiteratureAnalysisandMADLARS醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)分析與檢索系統(tǒng)RetrievalSystemMedicalSubjectHeadingsMeSH醫(yī)學(xué)主題詞表Note札記Papers論文PatentCooperationTreatyPCT國(guó)際專利合作條約PrecisionRatio查準(zhǔn)率Press出版社ProcceedingsProc.會(huì)報(bào)、會(huì)議錄Progress進(jìn)展PublicationPubl.出版物RecallRatio查全率Record記錄、記事Report報(bào)告、報(bào)導(dǎo)Review評(píng)論、綜述SciencesAbstractsSA科學(xué)文摘SectionSec.局部、輯、分冊(cè)Seealso參見SelectiveDisseminationofInformationSDI定題效勞Seminars專家討論會(huì)文集SeriesSer.叢書、輯Society學(xué)會(huì)Source來(lái)源、出處Subheadings副主題詞Stopterm禁用詞Subject主題Summary提要SupplementSuppl.附刊、增刊Survey概覽SymposiumSymp.專題學(xué)術(shù)討論會(huì)Thesaurus敘詞表、詞庫(kù)Title篇名、刊名、題目Topics論題、主題Transactions匯報(bào)、匯刊VolumeVol.卷WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationWIPO世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)WorldPatentIndexWPI世界專利索引Yearbook年鑒根底化學(xué)常用英語(yǔ)詞匯1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想氣體狀態(tài)方程2.PartialPressures分壓3.RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真實(shí)氣體：對(duì)理想氣體行為的偏離4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范德華方程5.SystemandSurroundings系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境6.StateandStateFunctions狀態(tài)與狀態(tài)函數(shù)7.Process過(guò)程8.Phase相9.TheFirstLawofThermodynamics熱力學(xué)第一定律10.HeatandWork熱與功11.EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸熱與發(fā)熱過(guò)程12.EnthalpiesofReactions反響熱13.Hess’sLaw蓋斯定律14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成焓15.ReactionRates反響速率16.ReactionOrder反響級(jí)數(shù)17.RateConstants速率常數(shù)18.ActivationEnergy活化能19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼烏斯方程20.ReactionMechanisms反響機(jī)理21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化劑22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化劑23.Enzymes酶24.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常數(shù)25.theDirectionofReaction反響方向26.LeChatelier’sPrinciple列·沙特列原理27.EffectsofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChangesandCatalystsi.體積，壓力，溫度變化以及催化劑的影響28.SpontaneousProcesses自發(fā)過(guò)程29.Entropy(StandardEntropy)熵〔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)熵〕30.TheSecondLawofThermodynamics熱力學(xué)第二定律31.EntropyChanges熵變32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由能變33.Acid-Bases酸堿34.TheDissociationofWater水離解35.TheProtoninWater水合質(zhì)子36.ThepHScalespH值37.Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBasesBronsted-Lowry酸和堿38.Proton-TransferReactions質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移反響39.ConjugateAcid-BasePairs共軛酸堿對(duì)40.RelativeStrengthofAcidsandBases酸堿的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度41.LewisAcidsandBases路易斯酸堿42.HydrolysisofMetalIons金屬離子的水解43.BufferSolutions緩沖溶液44.TheCommon-IonEffects同離子效應(yīng)45.BufferCapacity緩沖容量46.FormationofComplexIons配離子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.TheSolubility-ProductConstantKsp溶度積常數(shù)49.PrecipitationandseparationofIons離子的沉淀與別離50.SelectivePrecipitationofIons離子的選擇沉淀51.Oxidation-ReductionReactions氧化復(fù)原反響52.OxidationNumber氧化數(shù)53.BalancingOxidation-ReductionEquations氧化復(fù)原反響方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反響55.GalvaniCell原電池56.VoltaicCell伏特電池57.CellEMF電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)58.StandardElectrodePotentials標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電勢(shì)59.OxidizingandReducingAgents氧化劑和復(fù)原劑60.TheNernstEquation能斯特方程61.Electrolysis電解62.TheWaveBehaviorofElectrons電子的波動(dòng)性63.Bohr’sModelofTheHydrogenAtom氫原子的波爾模型64.LineSpectra線光譜65.QuantumNumbers量子數(shù)66.ElectronSpin電子自旋67.AtomicOrbital原子軌道68.Thes(p,d,f)Orbitals〔p，d，f〕軌道69.Many-ElectronAtoms多電子原子70.EnergiesofOrbital軌道能量71.ThePauliExclusionPrinciple泡林不相容原理72.ElectronConfigurations電子構(gòu)型73.ThePeriodicTable周期表74.Row行75.Group族76.Isotopes,AtomicNumbers,andMassNumbers同位素，原子數(shù)，質(zhì)量數(shù)77.PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements元素的周期律78.RadiusofAtoms原子半徑79.IonizationEnergy電離能80.Electronegativity電負(fù)性81.EffectiveNuclearCharge有效核電荷82.ElectronAffinities親電性83.Metals金屬84.Nonmetals非金屬85.ValenceBondTheory價(jià)鍵理論86.CovalenceBond共價(jià)鍵87.OrbitalOverlap軌道重疊88.MultipleBonds重鍵89.HybridOrbital雜化軌道90.TheVSEPRModel價(jià)層電子對(duì)互斥理論91.MolecularGeometries分子空間構(gòu)型92.MolecularOrbital分子軌道93.DiatomicMolecules雙原子分子94.BondLength鍵長(zhǎng)95.BondOrder鍵級(jí)96.BondAngles鍵角97.BondEnthalpies鍵能98.BondPolarity鍵矩99.DipoleMoments偶極矩100.PolarityMolecules極性分子101.PolyatomicMolecules多原子分子102.CrystalStructure晶體結(jié)構(gòu)103.Non-Crystal非晶體104.ClosePackingofSpheres球密堆積105.MetallicSolids金屬晶體106.MetallicBond金屬鍵107.Alloys合金108.IonicSolids離子晶體109.Ion-DipoleForces離子偶竭力110.MolecularForces分子間力111.IntermolecularForces分子間作用力112.HydrogenBonding氫鍵113.Covalent-NetworkSolids原子晶體114.Compounds化合物115.TheNomenclature,CompositionandStructureofComplexes配合物的命名，組成和結(jié)構(gòu)116.Charges,CoordinationNumbers,andGeometries電荷數(shù)、配位數(shù)、及幾何構(gòu)型117.Chelates螯合物118.Isomerism異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象119.StructuralIsomerism結(jié)構(gòu)異構(gòu)120.Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)121.Magnetism磁性122.ElectronConfigurationsinOctahedralComplexes八面體構(gòu)型配合物的電子分布123.TetrahedralandSquare-planarComplexes四面體和平面四邊形配合物124.GeneralCharacteristics共性125.s-BlockElementss區(qū)元素126.AlkaliMetals堿金屬127.AlkalineEarthMetals堿土金屬128.Hydrides氫化物129.Oxides氧化物130.PeroxidesandSuperoxides過(guò)氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氫氧化物132.Salts鹽133.p-BlockElementsp區(qū)元素134.BoronGroup(Boron,Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,Thallium)硼族〔硼，鋁，鎵，銦，鉈〕135.Borane硼烷136.CarbonGroup(Carbon,Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead)碳族〔碳，硅，鍺，錫，鉛〕137.Graphite,CarbonMonoxide,CarbonDioxide石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138.CarbonicAcid,CarbonatesandCarbides碳酸，碳酸鹽，碳化物139.OccurrenceandPreparationofSilicon硅的存在和制備140.SilicicAcid，Silicates硅酸，硅酸鹽141.NitrogenGroup(Phosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,andBismuth)氮族〔磷，砷，銻，鉍〕142.Ammonia,NitricAcid,PhosphoricAcid氨，硝酸，磷酸143.Phosphorates,phosphorusHalides磷酸鹽，鹵化磷144.OxygenGroup(Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,andTellurium)氧族元素〔氧，硫，硒，碲〕145.Ozone,HydrogenPeroxide臭氧，過(guò)氧化氫146.Sulfides硫化物147.Halogens(Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine)鹵素〔氟，氯，溴，碘〕148.Halides,Chloride鹵化物，氯化物149.TheNobleGases稀有氣體150.Noble-GasCompounds稀有氣體化合物151.d-Blockelementsd區(qū)元素152.TransitionMetals過(guò)渡金屬153.PotassiumDichromate重鉻酸鉀154.PotassiumPermanganate高錳酸鉀155.IronCopperZincMercury鐵，銅，鋅，汞156.f-BlockElementsf區(qū)元素157.Lanthanides鑭系元素158.Radioactivity放射性159.NuclearChemistry核化學(xué)160.NuclearFission核裂變161.NuclearFusion核聚變162.analyticalchemistry分析化學(xué)163.qualitativeanalysis定性分析164.quantitativeanalysis定量分析165.chemicalanalysis化學(xué)分析166.instrumentalanalysis儀器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gravimetricanalysis重量分析法169.regent試劑170.chromatographicanalysis色譜分析171.product產(chǎn)物172.electrochemicalanalysis電化學(xué)分析173.on-lineanalysis在線分析174.macroanalysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.microanalysis微量分析177.deformationanalysis形態(tài)分析178.semimicroanalysis半微量分析179.systematicalerror系統(tǒng)誤差180.routineanalysis常規(guī)分析181.randomerror偶然誤差182.arbitrationanalysis仲裁分析183.grosserror過(guò)失誤差184.normaldistribution正態(tài)分布185.accuracy準(zhǔn)確度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relativestandarddeviation相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差〔RSD〕189.coefficientvariation變異系數(shù)〔CV〕190.confidencelevel置信水平191.confidenceinterval置信區(qū)間192.significanttest顯著性檢驗(yàn)193.significantfigure有效數(shù)字194.standardsolution標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液195.titration滴定196.stoichiometricpoint化學(xué)計(jì)量點(diǎn)197.endpoint滴定終點(diǎn)198.titrationerror滴定誤差199.primarystandard基準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)200.amountofsubstance物質(zhì)的量201.standardization標(biāo)定202.chemicalreaction化學(xué)反響203.concentration濃度204.chemicalequilibrium化學(xué)平衡205.titer滴定度206.generalequationforachemicalreaction化學(xué)反響的通式207.protontheoryofacid-base酸堿質(zhì)子理論208.acid-basetitration酸堿滴定法209.dissociationconstant解離常數(shù)210.conjugateacid-basepair共軛酸堿對(duì)211.aceticacid乙酸212.hydroniumion水合氫離子213.electrolyte電解質(zhì)214.ion-productconstantofwater水的離子積215.ionization電離216.protoncondition質(zhì)子平衡217.zerolevel零水準(zhǔn)218.buffersolution緩沖溶液219.methylorange甲基橙220.acid-baseindicator酸堿指示劑221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordinationcompound配位化合物223.centerion中心離子224.cumulativestabilityconstant累積穩(wěn)定常數(shù)225.alphacoefficient酸效應(yīng)系數(shù)226.overallstabilityconstant總穩(wěn)定常數(shù)227.ligand配位體228.ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸229.sidereactioncoefficient副反響系數(shù)230.coordinationatom配位原子231.coordinationnumber配位數(shù)232.lonepairelectron孤對(duì)電子233.chelatecompound螯合物234.metalindicator金屬指示劑235.chelatingagent螯合劑236.masking掩蔽237.demasking解蔽238.electron電子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化劑242.reduction復(fù)原243.catalyticreaction催化反響244.reactionrate反響速率245.electrodepotential電極電勢(shì)246.activationenergy反響的活化能247.redoxcouple氧化復(fù)原電對(duì)248.potassiumpermanganate高錳酸鉀249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassiumdichromate重鉻酸鉀251.cerimetry鈰量法252.redoxindicator氧化復(fù)原指示253.oxygenconsuming耗氧量〔OC〕254.chemicaloxygendemanded化學(xué)需氧量(COD)255.dissolvedoxygen溶解氧(DO)256.precipitation沉淀反響257.argentimetry銀量法258.heterogeneousequilibriumofions多相離子平衡259.aging陳化260.postprecipitation繼沉淀261.coprecipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼燒263.fitration過(guò)濾264.decantation傾瀉法265.chemicalfactor化學(xué)因數(shù)266.spectrophotometry分光光度法267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibrationcurve校正曲線271.standardcurve標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線272.monochromator單色器273.source光源274.wavelengthdispersion色散275.absorptioncell吸收池276.detector檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)277.bathochromicshift紅移278.Molarabsorptivity摩爾吸光系數(shù)279.hypochromicshift紫移280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylatingagent乙酰化劑283.aceticacid乙酸284.adiethylether乙醚285.ethylalcohol乙醇286.acetaldehtde乙醛287.β-dicarbontlcompoundβ–二羰基化合物288.bimolecularelimination雙分子消除反響289.bimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution雙分子親核取代反響290.openchaincompound開鏈族化合物291.molecularorbitaltheory分子軌道理論292.chiralmolecule手性分子293.tautomerism互變異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象294.reactionmechanism反響歷程295.chemicalshift化學(xué)位移296.Waldeninversion瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)297.Enantiomorph對(duì)映體298.additionreaction加成反響299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereochemistry立體化學(xué)302.stereoisomer立體異構(gòu)體303.Lucasreagent盧卡斯試劑304.covalentbond共價(jià)鍵305.conjugateddiene共軛二烯烴306.conjugateddoublebond共軛雙鍵307.conjugatedsystem共軛體系308.conjugatedeffect共軛效應(yīng)309.isomer同分異構(gòu)體310.isomerism同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象311.organicchemistry有機(jī)化學(xué)312.hybridization雜化313.hybridorbital雜化軌道314.heterocycliccompound雜環(huán)化合物315.peroxideeffect過(guò)氧化物效應(yīng)t316.valencebondtheory價(jià)鍵理論317.sequencerule次序規(guī)那么318.electron-attractinggroup吸電子基319.Huckelrule休克爾規(guī)那么320.Hinsbergtest興斯堡試驗(yàn)321.infraredspectrum紅外光譜322.Michaelreacton麥克爾反響323.halogenatedhydrocarbon鹵代烴324.haloformreaction鹵仿反響325.systematicnomenclature系統(tǒng)命名法326.Newmanprojection紐曼投影式327.aromaticcompound芳香族化合物328.aromaticcharacter芳香性r329.Claisencondensationreaction克萊森酯縮合反響330.Claisenrearrangement克萊森重排331.Diels-Alderreation狄爾斯-阿爾得反響332.Clemmensenreduction克萊門森復(fù)原333.Cannizzaroreaction坎尼扎羅反響334.positionalisomers位置異構(gòu)體335.unimoleculareliminationreaction單分子消除反響336.unimolecularnucleophilicsubstitution單分子親核取代反響337.benzene苯338.functionalgrou官能團(tuán)p339.configuration構(gòu)型340.conformation構(gòu)象341.confomationalisome構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體342.electrophilicaddition親電加成343.electrophilicreagent親電試劑344.nucleophilicaddition親核加成345.nucleophilicreagent親核試劑346.nucleophilicsubstitutionreaction親核取代反響347.activeintermediate活性中間體348.Saytzeffrule查依采夫規(guī)那么349.cis-transisomerism順反異構(gòu)350.inductiveeffect誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)t351.Fehling’sreagent費(fèi)林試劑352.phasetransfercatalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催化作用353.aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物354.eliminationreaction消除反響355.Grignardreagent格利雅試劑356.nuclearmagneticresonance核磁共振357.alkene烯烴358.allylcation烯丙基正離子359.leavinggroup離去基團(tuán)360.opticalactivity旋光性361.boatconfomation船型構(gòu)象362.silvermirrorreaction銀鏡反響363.Fischerprojection菲舍爾投影式364.Kekulestructure凱庫(kù)勒結(jié)構(gòu)式365.Friedel-Craftsreaction傅列德爾-克拉夫茨反響366.Ketone酮367.carboxylicacid羧酸368.carboxylicacidderivative羧酸衍生物369.hydroboration硼氫化反響370.bondlength鍵長(zhǎng)371.bondenergy鍵能372.bondangle鍵角373.carbohydrate碳水化合物374.carbocation碳正離子375.carbanion碳負(fù)離子376.alcohol醇377.Gofmannrule霍夫曼規(guī)那么378.Aldehyde醛379.Ether醚380.Polymer聚合物常見英漢對(duì)照有機(jī)基名表acetamidoCH3CONH─乙酰氨基acetenyl=ethynylCH≡C─乙炔基

acetoacetylCH3COCH2CO─乙酰乙?；?—氧丁?；鵤cetonylCH3COCH2─丙酮基；乙酰甲基acetonylideneCH3COCH=亞丙酮基acetoxyCH3COO─乙酸基；乙酰氧基acetylCH3CO─乙?！不?/p>

acetylene①CH≡CH乙炔②=CHCH=雙亞乙基acryloylCH2=CHCO─丙烯酰alkoxyRO─〔R=烷基或烴基〕烷氧基allylCH2=CHCH2─烯丙基

β?;allyl=isopropenylCH2=C(CH3)─β?;烯丙基；異丙烯基allylideneCH2=CHCH=亞烯丙基allyloxyCH2=CHCH2O─烯丙氧基

amidoH2N─[嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)此項(xiàng)英文名只能用來(lái)表示?；系陌被?，但是英文常與amino混用]氨基aminoH2N─氨基amyl=pentylCH3(CH2)4─戊基

tert-amyl=1,1?;dimethylpropylCH3CH3C(CH3)2─特戊基azidoN3─疊氮基azo─N=N─偶氮基azoxy─N(O)N─氧化偶氮基benzal=benzylidene苯亞甲基benzamidoC6H5CONH─苯甲酰氨基benzenesulfinyl〔參閱phenyleulfinyl〕C6H5SO─苯亞磺酰benzenesulfonamidoC6H5SO2NH─苯磺酰氨基benzenesulfonylC6H5SO2─苯磺酰benzhydryl=diphenylmethylene二苯甲基

benzhydrylidene=diphenylmethylene二苯亞甲基benzofuryl=benzofuranyl苯并呋喃基；氧茚基

benzoxy=benzoyloxy苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzoylC6H5CO─苯甲酰

benzoylene─C6H5CO─〔o、m或p〕亞苯甲?；侧?、間或?qū)Α砨enzoyloxyC6H5COO─苯甲酸基；苯甲酰氧基benzylC6H5CH2─芐基；苯甲基benzylideneC6H5CH=苯亞甲基benzylidyneC6H5C≡次芐基

benzyloxyC6H5CH2O─芐氧基benzylthioC6H5CH2S─芐硫基；苯甲硫基biphenylene─C6H4C6H4─亞聯(lián)苯基biphenylenebisazo─N=NC6H4C6H4N=N─聯(lián)苯重氮亞基

biphenylylcarbonylC6H5C6H4CO─聯(lián)苯羰基biphenylyloxyC6H5C6H4O─聯(lián)苯氧基bromoBr─溴

butadienylCH2=CHCH=CH─丁間二烯基；1，3─丁二烯基1─butenylCH3CH2CH=CH─丁烯基；1─丁烯基2─butenylCH3CH=CHCH2─丁鄰烯基；2─丁烯基3─butenylCH2=CH(CH2)2─丁間烯基；3─丁烯基2─butenylene─CH2CH=CHCH2─1，4─亞丁─2─烯基

butenylideneCH3CH=CHCH=亞丁─2─烯基butenylidyneCH3CH=CHC≡次丁─2─烯基butoxyCH3(CH2)2CH2O─丁氧基sec-butoxyC2H5CH(CH3)O─仲丁氧基tert-butoxy(CH3)3CH2O─叔丁氧基

butylCH3(CH2)2CH2─丁基sec-butylC2H5CH(CH3)─仲丁基tert-butyl(CH3)3C─叔丁基butyrylCH3CH2CH2CO─丁酰caproyl=hexanoyl己酰

capryl=decanoyl癸酰capryloyl=octanoyl辛酰carbamyl=carbamoylH2NCO─氨〔基〕甲酰carbomethoxy=methoxycarbonyl甲酯基；甲氧羰基

carbonylOC=羰基；碳酰carboxyHOOC─羧基chloroCl─氯代；氯基chloroformylClCO─氯甲酰；氯羰基cinnamenyl=styryl苯乙烯基cinnamylC6H5CH=CHCH2─肉桂基

cresoxy=tolyloxy甲苯氧基〔鄰、間或?qū)Α砪resyl=ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl甲苯基〔鄰、間或?qū)Α?/p>

crotonyl=crotonoyl巴豆酰基cyanoN≡C─氰基cyclobutylC4H7─環(huán)丁基

cycloheptylC7H13─環(huán)庚基2,4─cyclohexadienylCH2CH=CHCH=CHCH─2，4-環(huán)己二烯基

cyclohexenylC6H9─〔3種異構(gòu)物〕環(huán)己〔鄰、間、對(duì)〕烯基cyclohexylC6H11─環(huán)己基cyclopentadienylC5H5─環(huán)戊二烯基cyclopentenylC5H7─環(huán)戊烯基cyclopentylC5H9─環(huán)戊基cyclopropylC3H5─環(huán)丙基cystyl─COCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)CO─胱氨基decanoylCH3(CH2)8CO─癸酰decylCH3(CH2)8CH2─癸基diazo─N=N─或N=N=重氮基diazoamino─N=NNH─重氮亞氨基diazonium(N≡N)─重氮〔化〕dimethylamino(CH3)2N─二甲氨基

diphenylmethyl(C6H5)2CH─二苯甲基dithio─SS─二硫代dodecyl─CH3(CH2)10CH2─十二〔烷〕基dotriacontylCH3(CH2)30CH2─三十二〔烷〕基cicosylCH3(CH2)18CH2─二十烷基epithio─S─環(huán)硫；表硫；橋硫基[聯(lián)在已與其它原子依別種方法相聯(lián)結(jié)的兩個(gè)原子上]epoxy─O─環(huán)氧；表氧；橋氧基[聯(lián)在已與其它原子依別種方法相聯(lián)結(jié)的兩個(gè)原子上]ethene=ethylene①乙烯②1，2-亞乙基ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl乙烯基ethoxyC2H5O─乙氧基

ethoxycarbonylC2H5OOC─乙酯基；乙氧羰基ethoxyphenyl(C2H5O)C6H4─乙氧苯基ethylCH3CH2─乙基ethylaminoC2H5NH─乙胺基ethylene─CH2CH2─①乙烯②1，2-乙基

ethylenedioxy─OCH2CH2O─亞乙二氧基ethylideneCH3CH=亞乙基ethylidyneCH3C≡次乙基

ethylthioCH3CH2S─乙硫基ethynylCH≡C─乙炔基fluotoF─氟代formamidoOHCNH─甲酰胺基formylOHC─甲酰fomryloxyHCOO─甲酸基；甲酰氧基fumaryl─COCH=CHCO─富馬酰；〔反式〕丁二烯酰furylOC4H3─呋喃基[兩種異構(gòu)物]geranylC10H17─牦牛兒基

glucosvlC6H11O5─葡〔萄〕糖基glyceryl─CH2CHCH2─甘油基；丙三基

glyoxylyl=glyoxyloyl乙醛酰hendecyl=undecyl十一〔烷〕基heneicosylCH3(CH2)19CH2─二十一〔烷〕基hentriacontylCH3(CH2)29CH2─三十一〔烷〕基heptacosylCH3(CH2)25CH2─二十七〔烷〕基heptadecanoylCH3(CH2)15CO─十七〔烷〕酰heptadecylCH3(CH2)15CH2─十七〔烷〕基heptanoylCH3(CH2)5CO2─庚酰heptylCH3(CH2)5CH2─庚基

hexacontylCH3(CH2)58CH2─六十〔烷〕基hexacosylCH3(CH2)24CH2─二十六〔烷〕基

hexadecanoylCH3(CH2)14CO─十六〔烷〕酰hexadecylCH3(CH2)14CH2─十六〔烷〕基

hexamethylene─CH2(CH2)4CH2─六亞甲基；1.6-亞己基

hexanoylCH3(CH2)4CO─己酰hexylCH3(CH2)4CH2─己基hexylideneCH3(CH2)5CH=亞己基histidylN2C3H3CH2CH(NH2)CO─組氨酰hydrazinoH2NNH─肼基；聯(lián)氨基hydrazo─NHNH─1，2-亞肼基

hydrazonoH2NN=亞肼基；亞聯(lián)氨基hydroxamino=hydroxyamino羥氨基

hydroximino=hydroxyimino肟基hydroxyHO─羥基hydroxyaminoHONH─羥氨基hydroxymethylHOCH2─羥甲基-idene亞[加于任何一個(gè)基名之前，表示在聯(lián)結(jié)處為雙鍵]iodoI─碘代

isoamyl=isopentyl異戊基isobutenyl=2-methylpropenyl異丁烯基；2-甲基丙烯基isobutoxy(CH3)2CHCH2O─異丁氧基原名作取代基作官能團(tuán)烷烴：hydrocarbonalkyl烯烴：alkenesalkenyl炔烴：alkynesalkynyl鹵代烴：alkylhalides氟：fluorinefluoro氯：chlorinechloro溴：brominebromo碘：iodineiodo酚：pehnolshydroxy-ol醇：alcoholshydroxy-ol醚：ethersR-oxy-eth