練案18必修3Module6OldandNew練習(xí)含解析

必修三Module6OldandNewⅠ.完形填空(2021·廣東省深圳市高級中學(xué)高三年級?？?IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage(按揭),creditcards,andsuccess.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus1.Achasingthesamething.Oneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell2.B.Ifoundmyselfhomelessand3.C.Ihadmytruckand$56.I4.DthecountrysideforsomeplaceIcouldrentforthe5.Dpossibleamount.IcameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroadoverthePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.Itwas6.B，fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundtheowner,rentedit,and7.Cacornertocampin.Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,8.Aslowly,theystartedteachingmethe9.Dofbeinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbeganstickingaroundto10.A.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina11.CAmericanDream—nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof12.A.WhatIhadbelievedin,allthosethingsIthoughtwere13.Dforacivilizedlife,werenonexistentinthisplace.Uponthe14.A，mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy15.Bwithmyneighbors.Fouryearslater,Imovedbackinto16.C.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime,17.Btheirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto18.Cahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI'vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.We'dallbein19.Bifwehadn'tbandedtogether.TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;it'sabout20.Dwecanallsurvivetogether.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。敘述了作者在美國的生活經(jīng)歷，以及他對美國夢的理解的前后變化。一開始作者認(rèn)為在美國就會有銀行卡、工作和房子。但是在美國經(jīng)歷了一系列不愉快的事件后，作者的美國夢想破碎了。作者在山上找了一座破舊的房屋租住。他從鄰居那里學(xué)到了美國夢是大家團(tuán)結(jié)起來共同實(shí)現(xiàn)的。1．A.separately B．equallyC．violently D．naturally解析：separately“分別地；各自地”；equally“同樣地；平等地”；violently“猛烈地；激烈地”；naturally“自然地”。根據(jù)前文的“l(fā)ikeeveryoneelse”向每個其他人一樣，我們每個人也都在做。句意：我們各自在追逐同樣的事情。故選A。2．A.off B．a(chǎn)partC．over D．out解析：off“遠(yuǎn)離的”；apart“分離的”；over“在上面的”；out“外面的”。根據(jù)后文的“Ifoundmyselfhomeless”可知我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己孤獨(dú)。此處說自己原來的夢想破碎了，崩潰了。句意：有一年，在經(jīng)歷了一系列不愉快的事件后，它完全崩潰了。故選B。3．A.awesome B．pricelessC．a(chǎn)lone D．passionate解析：awesome“可怕的”；priceless“無價的”；alone“單獨(dú)的；獨(dú)自一人”；passionate“有激情的”?？芍野l(fā)現(xiàn)自己孤獨(dú)，此處說自己原來的夢想破碎了，崩潰了。故C項正確。4．A.crossed B．leftC．toured D．searched解析：crossed“穿過”；left“離開”；toured“旅行”；searched“搜索”。根據(jù)后文的“forsomeplaceIcouldrent”可知作者在鄉(xiāng)村尋找可以租住的地方。search...for...“搜……為了找……”。句意：我在鄉(xiāng)村搜尋我可以租住的地方。故選D。5．A.fullest B．largestC．fairest D．cheapest解析：fullest“完全的；滿的”；largest“最大的”；fairest“公平的”；cheapest“最便宜的”。根據(jù)前文的“Ihadmytruckand$56.”可知作者只有一輛卡車和56美元，可見他沒太多的錢，因此他要租便宜的房子。故此處用形容詞cheapest。句意：我要租住盡可能最便宜的地方。故選D。6．A.occupied B．a(chǎn)bandonedC．emptied D．robbed解析：occupied“占用”；abandoned“放棄的，廢棄的”；emptied“倒空”；robbed“搶劫”。根據(jù)后文的“fullofbrokenglassandrubbish”可知這座房子是被廢棄的。句意：它被廢棄了。故選B。7．A.turned B．a(chǎn)pproachedC．cleared D．cut解析：turned“轉(zhuǎn)動”；approached“接近”；cleared“清除”；cut“剪”。根據(jù)后文的“tocampin”可知作者為了能扎營住在這里，因此清理了一下。句意：為了能住進(jìn)去，我清理了一個角落。故選C。8．A.but B．a(chǎn)lthoughC．otherwise D．for解析：but“但是”；although“盡管”；otherwise“否則”；for“因?yàn)椤薄８鶕?jù)前文的“knewnothingaboutme”和后文的“slowly,theystartedteachingme”可知其他人開始時不了解他，后來教他一些東西，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用連詞but。句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝藢ξ也涣私猓锹亻_始教會我一些東西。故選A。9．A.benefit B．lessonC．nature D．a(chǎn)rt解析：benefit“利益；好處”；lesson“教訓(xùn)；課”；nature“自然”；D.art“藝術(shù)；道理”。根據(jù)前文的“theystartedteachingme”可知他們教我一些道理。句意：慢慢地他們開始教我做鄰居的道理。故選D。10．A.chat B．fightC．struggle D．perform解析：chat“聊天”；fight“戰(zhàn)斗”；struggle“斗爭；努力”；perform“表演”。句意：他們帶來一些毯子，蠟燭和工具，停下來和我聊天。故選A。11．A.wild B．realC．different D．remote解析：wild“野生的”；real“真實(shí)的”；different“不同的”；remote“遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的”。根據(jù)前文的“IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage(按揭),creditcards,success.”可知他過去的美國夢想是成功的，而現(xiàn)在沒有房子和工作，是失敗的，與想象的不一樣，句意：他們開始教會我一種對美國夢想不同的信念。故選C。12．A.neighborliness B．happinessC．friendliness D．kindness解析：neighborliness“親切；友善”；happiness“幸福”；friendliness“友好”；kindness“善良”。根據(jù)前文的“ofbeinganeighbor”可知作為鄰居的理論，可知此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)鄰居的重要性。句意：美國的夢想不是個人的成就而是鄰居共同的成就。故選A。13．A.unique B．expensiveC．rare D．necessary解析：unique“獨(dú)特的；唯一的”；expensive“昂貴的”；rare“稀有的”；necessary“必要的”。根據(jù)后文的“werenonexistentinthisplace”可知以前以為必要的東西，在這個地方不存在。句意：所有我原以為必要的東西在這個地方不存在。故選D。14．A.mountain B．downtownC．river D．countryside解析：mountain“山”；downtown“市中心”；river“河流”；countryside“農(nóng)村”。根據(jù)上文“IcameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroadoverthePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.”可知此處應(yīng)是上山。句意：我最有價值的東西是在山上。故選A。15．A.cooperation B．relationshipsC．satisfaction D．a(chǎn)ppointments解析：cooperation“合作”；relationships“關(guān)系”；satisfaction“滿意”；appointments“約定”。根據(jù)前文的“Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbeganstickingaroundto10.”可知作者與鄰居的關(guān)系好。故此處用relationships。句意：我最有價值的財富就是與鄰居的關(guān)系。故選B。16．A.reality B．societyC．town D．life解析：reality“現(xiàn)實(shí)”；society“社會”；town“城鎮(zhèn)”；life“生活”。根據(jù)前文的“Imovedbackinto”可知作者從山上搬回了城里。句意：四年后，我搬回了城里。故選C。17．A.creating B．losingC．quitting D．finding解析：creating“創(chuàng)造”；losing“失去；損失”；quitting“放棄”；offering“提供”。根據(jù)前文的“Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime”可知這里的許多人過著艱難的生活，此處應(yīng)是失去工作，才能體現(xiàn)生活困難。句意：我看見許多人生活艱難，失去了工作和家園。故選B。18．A.putin B．turninC．takein D．getin解析：putin“提出”；turnin“上交”；takein“吸收；上當(dāng)；容納”；getin“收獲”。根據(jù)前文的“rentabigenoughhouseto”可知作者租了一間大的房子是為了能容納一些人。句意：我租下了一個足夠大的房子為了容納一些人。故選C。19．A.yards B．sheltersC．camps D．cottages解析：yards“院子”；shelters“避難所”；camps“營地”；cottages“村舍”。根據(jù)后文的“ifwehadn'tbandedtogether...”可知我們?nèi)绻粓F(tuán)結(jié)起來就會沒有地方住，只待在避難所。句意：如果我們不團(tuán)結(jié)起來，我們就會待在避難所。故選B。20．A.when B．whatC．whether D．how解析：when“何時”；what“什么”；whether“是否”；how“如何”。根據(jù)后面的“wecanallsurvivetogether(我們一起生活)”和文章意思，大家一起共同團(tuán)結(jié)的生活，才能解決困難，這是說生活的方式，故此處用代詞how。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2020·吉林省吉林市高中畢業(yè)班第一次調(diào)測)Everyyear,millionsofpeoplemakethesameNewYear'sresolution(決心):toloseweight.Butthere'saproblemthatrequiresasmuchresolutiontochangeasweight:thesocietalprejudicesurroundingweightandobesity.Fordecades,researchershavedocumentednegativeattitudestowardoverweightpeople—aformofprejudiceknownas“weightbias(偏見)”.Peoplewithobesityarecommonlyviewedaslazy,unintelligent,unattractive,andlackingwillpowerandself-control.Weight-baseddiscriminationisfoundineducational,employmentandhealthcaresettings,yetminimallegalprotectionexistsforthosewhoaretargeted.Inadditiontoexperiencingweightbiasfromothers,peoplewithobesitytendtoacceptweight-biasedbeliefs,leadingtolowerself-worth.Somepeoplearguethatbittermessagesaboutweightarenecessarytomotivatethosewithobesitytotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealthandloseweight.Afterall,criticssay,it'stheirownfaultthattheyare“fat”，and,iftheyreallywantedto,theycouldcontroltheirweight.Inthisview,promotingbodyacceptancewouldonlyweakenbehaviorchangeandencourageobesity.Theproblemwiththisargumentisthatitfliesinthefaceofhundredsofscientificstudiesshowingthenegativehealtheffectsassociatedwithexperiencingandacceptingweight-biasedbeliefs.Thepsychologicaleffectofbeingundervaluedduetoone'sweightmaynotseemsurprising:increasedriskfordepression,anxiety,andevenself-harmingthoughtsandattemptsinyouth.Alsoworthnotingaretheeffectsofweightbiasonweightgainandobesity-relatedhealth.Studiesshowthatweightbiasisstressful,andwhenpeopleareunderstress,theytendtoeatmore.Further,whenpeopleworryaboutbeingjudgedduetotheirweight,theyavoidfitnessandhealthcaresetting.Inthecomingyear,whetherornotweightlossisagoal,wecanallmakeeffortstogetridofweightbiasandbealittlekindertoourselvesandothers.文章大意：本文為議論文。介紹了人們對超重的人存在的偏見和歧視“weightbias”，駁斥了關(guān)于此問題的錯誤觀點(diǎn)，論述了它帶來的危害。作者呼吁所有人共同抵制此偏見，并將此作為新年愿景。1．Whatdoweknowaboutobesepeople？DA．Theyarefondofmakingresolutions.B．Theyarelackinginself-control.C．Theycarelittleaboutothers'opinions.D．Theytendtoundervaluethemselves.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“Inadditiontoexperiencingweightbiasfromothers,peoplewithobesitytendtoacceptweight-biasedbeliefs,leadingtolowerself-worth.”可確定正確答案為D項。2．Whydosomepeoplesupportbittermessagesaboutweight？AA．Theycanencourageobesepeopletoloseweight.B．Theycanimproveself-worthinobesepeople.C．Theycanpromotebodyacceptance.D．Theycanrelievedepression.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Somepeoplearguethatbittermessagesaboutweightarenecessarytomotivatethosewithobesitytotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealthandloseweight.”可確定正確答案為A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“fliesinthefaceof”inParagraph4mean？DA．Confirms. B．Copies.C．Splitsup. D．Goesagainst.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段畫線部分后面的內(nèi)容“hundredsofscientificstudiesshowingthenegativehealtheffectsassociatedwithexperiencingandacceptingweight-biasedbeliefs”可知，很多科學(xué)研究表明這種偏見對健康有消極的影響。因此可以推斷出，該觀點(diǎn)與科學(xué)研究的結(jié)論是相違背的。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？BA．Ahealthydiet:goodforyourmindandbodyB．NewYear'sresolution:loseweightbiasinsteadofweightC．ControlyourweightbyacceptingthebittermessagesreadilyD．Eatyourownwayregardlessofothers'thoughts解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。本文首尾呼應(yīng)，作者呼吁將擺脫體重偏見作為新年決心。中間段落介紹了此偏見的普遍性、存在的錯誤觀點(diǎn)、帶來的危害等。因此答案為B項。Ⅲ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。(2020·昆明市高三一模)HowtoBeaGoodListenertoYourFamilyCommunicationisimportantforstrongfamilyrelationships.1.GWorkingonyourlisteningskillscanhelpyoucommunicatebetterandformstrongerbonds.Listenactively.Whenlisteningtoafamilymember,donotletyourmindwandertootherthings.It'simportanttomakeyourfamilymemberfeelheardandvalued.Putyourphoneawayandgivethemyourfullattention.Neverthinkaboutotherthingswhensomeoneistalking.2.CRepeatwhathasbeensaid.Brieflysummarizingwhatthespeakerhassaidcangoalongwaytowardseffectivecommunication.Everyonewantstofeelvaluedandheard,sorepeatingafamilymember'spointcanshowyouwerelistening.3.EItcanreallyallowyouandyourfamilytocommunicatebetteraswell.4.AInterruptingcanputbreaksoneffectiveconversation.Alwaysallowafewsecondsofsilenceaftersomeonefinishestalkingbeforeofferingyourresponse.Thisallowsyoutomakesurethespeakerhasfinishedtalking.Donottalkoversomeoneeither.Nomatterhowcuriousyoufeelaboutasubject,donotstarttalkinguntiltheotherpersonhasfinished.Avoidhurryingthespeaker.5.BDonotbreakinbeforethespeakerisfinishedjusttohurrythespeakeralong.Neversaythingslike“Canyougettothepoint？”Thiswillmakeitseemlikeyou'renotinterestedintheconversation.A．Donotinterrupt.B．Neverrushthepersonintotalking.C．Instead,focusonwhat'sbeingsaid.D．Peopletendtopausewhentheyspeak.E．Itcanhelpyoumakesureyouunderstoodthespeaker.F．Whensomeonefinishestalking,askquestionsifnecessary.G．However,ifyoudon'ttrulylistentoothers,itcanbedifficulttocommunicate.文章大意：本文介紹了四個改善家庭成員關(guān)系的傾聽技巧。解析：1．空前一句突出交流對鞏固家庭成員之間關(guān)系的重要性，空后一句是說使用傾聽技巧可以幫助你更好地交流以及建立更密切的聯(lián)系。故G項“然而，如果你不能真正地傾聽他人，交流就會變得困難?！睆姆疵孢M(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)傾聽的重要性。2．本段圍繞“Listenactively.”展開，根據(jù)本段的內(nèi)容及空前一句“當(dāng)別人講話時不要去想其他的事情?！笨芍?，C項“而要關(guān)注對方正在說的內(nèi)容?！狈险Z境。3．本段緊扣“Repeatwhathasbeensaid.”進(jìn)行論證，空處與前一句構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，E選項中的“It”指代前一句中的“repeatingafamilymember'spoint”。4．空處為段首句，根據(jù)段落特征可知，本句應(yīng)為祈使句且為本段的主題句?？蘸笠痪溆懻摯驍鄤e人會中斷有效的交流，由此可以推斷段首句應(yīng)為不要打斷(他人說話)。故A項符合語境。5．本段主題是“避免催促說話人?！薄？仗幷?wù)摰膬?nèi)容應(yīng)與首句相關(guān)，B項中的“rush”與空前的“hurrying”同義，表示“催促”。故選B項。Ⅳ.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。(2021·湖南省高三六校聯(lián)考)LastFriday,ourclassinvitedaoldcraftsmantoteachushowmakedoughfigurines(面人)．First,heshowusthebasicstepsandmakingtechniques.Westoodaroundhimbutwatchedattentively.Thenhestartedtohaveatry.Hewalkedaroundandhelpeduspatientwhennecessary.Finally,allofushadourownworkandwetookpicturesforourhand-madefigurinesexcitedly.Lookedattheselifelikefigurines,wewereallfelthappy.答案：LastFriday,ourclassinvitedeq\o(a,\s\do8(an))oldcraftsmantoteachushoweq\o(∧,\s\do8(to))makedoughfigurines(面人)．First,heeq\o(show,\s\do8(showed))usthebasicstepsandmakingtechniques.Westoodaroundhimeq\o(but,\s\do8(and))watchedattentively.Theneq\o(he,\s\do8(we))startedtohaveatry.Hewalkedaroundandhelpeduseq\o(patient,\s\do8(patiently))whennecessary.Finally,allofushadourowneq\o(work,\s\do8(works))andwetookpictureseq\o(for,\s\do8(of))ourhand-madefigurinesexcitedly.eq\o(Looked,\s\do8(Looking))attheselifelikefigurines,wewereallfelthappy.解析：1．考查冠詞。該句意為：上周五，我們班邀請了一位老