聽力和閱讀專項訓(xùn)練 高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

第第頁英語高考專項訓(xùn)練二聽力與閱讀高考聽力必備答題技能：作為英語學(xué)習(xí)基本技能之一的“聽力”，在高考中具有不可忽視的地位。高考英語聽力要求考生聽懂人們?nèi)粘Ｉ罱浑H中所進行的簡短對話和獨白。對此，考生需要達到以下幾項要求：理解主旨要義：這要求我們對聽到的內(nèi)容有一個整體的把握和全面的領(lǐng)會，理解說話者究竟在說什么。任何一段對話或獨白都是圍繞一個中心展開的，有時主旨大意較明顯，有時則需要歸納和概括。獲取事實性的具體信息：它要求我們聽清、聽懂與話題中心相關(guān)的具體信息，準(zhǔn)確理解具體細節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物、價錢、數(shù)量、目的、原因、結(jié)果等。同時，還要求我們對所聽到的信息進行簡單的處理，比如數(shù)字運算、時間排序、比較篩選、同義轉(zhuǎn)換等。對所聽內(nèi)容做出簡單推斷：它要求我們從對話或獨白的話題和語氣中來推斷出對話雙方(或說話人)的職業(yè)或身份，彼此之間（或與他人）的關(guān)系，對話發(fā)生的時間、地點或場合等。理解說話者的意圖、觀點或態(tài)度：它要求我們從話語中聽出“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩說話人的意圖、觀點或態(tài)度。分類歸納技巧：事實細節(jié)類聽力：（時間與地點）【例題】Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?inarestaurantB.inanofficeC.Athome【原文】W:Ok，timeto.M:Ican’t,becauseIhaven’tfinishedtheaboutthenewlyopened.W:Well,ifyoucarryonlikethat,you’llmakeyourselfill.【解析】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞判斷，理解句意。方法點睛設(shè)問方式wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?wheredidithappen?whereis...?whatkindofstoreisshegoingto?關(guān)鍵詞匯Bank:account,cash,check,savingsSchool:campus,dorm,grades,lecture,paper,exam,playground,etc.Restaurant:menu,soup,drink,order,billAirport/Station:train,timetable,takeoff,passenger,flight,seat,ticketPostoffice:parcel,package,stamp,postage,letter,airmailHospital:cold,fever,pain,cough,trouble,temperature,doctor,patient考點突破地點類一般選項由介詞加地點構(gòu)成，有些地點文中會直接提到，有些則需要根據(jù)內(nèi)容去判斷，一般直接提到的為棄選項。聽下面五段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從題中所給的ABC三個選項中選擇一個最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅讀一遍。Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary B.Inabank C.InapolicestationWherewillthespeakersprobablybethisevening? A.Inabar B.Atacinema C.AthomeWherearethetwospeakersatthemoment? A.Inapark B.Athome C.InacanteenWheredoesLukelive? A.Inthesuburb B.Inthecitycenter C.NexttothemanWhereisthebank? A.TotheeastofthesubwaystationB.TothenorthofthesubwaystationC.Tothewestofthesubwaystation閱讀理解答題技巧梳理：高考英語閱讀理解是高考必考題型之一，分值大，閱讀量大，是高考的一個重難點，新課標(biāo)高考分為兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)是單項選擇，第二節(jié)是“七選五”型閱讀理解題。一．《新課標(biāo)》要求1.學(xué)會使用3500個左右的單詞、400-500個合成詞與派生詞和400-500個習(xí)慣用語或固定搭配；2.除教材外，課外閱讀量應(yīng)累積達到30萬詞以上，換言之，長度300詞左右的文段1000篇；3.能通過分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)理解難句和長句(能理解語言結(jié)構(gòu)有一定難度或有一定新語言現(xiàn)象的文段)；4.能根據(jù)閱讀目的和文段的不同，調(diào)整閱讀速度和閱讀方法，閱讀速度每分鐘70-80詞。二.文章特點：高考英語考試中閱讀理解語篇題材、體裁的多樣化，文章一般有這樣幾種文體，有記敘文、說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文等多種體裁，題材涉及到社會生活、政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、人物、故事、歷史、新聞、廣告、科普等，貼近現(xiàn)代生活，有很強的時代感。）三.題目分析：從近幾年高考英語試題來看,閱讀理解多項選擇題主要有以下幾種題型:主旨大意題、細節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測題、觀點態(tài)度題、判斷推理題等。下面試就上述主要題型的答題技巧與策略談?wù)勛约旱目捶ā母呖济}的實際情況看，命題者常用下述方法提問：1．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?2．WhatdoestheauthormainlytellUSaboutinthepassage?3．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?5．Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat?6．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?7．Whatisthegeneralidea/mainideaofthetext?8.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson?9.Whatisthemainsubjectdiscussedinthetext?10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat?11.Itcanbeinferredfromthattheauthorseemsto?12.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext/forthearticle?13.Thebesttitleforthispassageis?14.Whatcanweinferfromthelast/thefirsttwoparagraphs?15.Themeaningoftheword/sentenceinParagraphXisrelatedto?16.InParagraphX,"XXX"canbereplacedby?17.Theunderlinedword"X"/sentenceinParagraphXprobablymean.18.Thetextismainlywrittentoexplain.19.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?基于上述測試要點，學(xué)生在閱讀過程中必須具備下列技能，才能獲取和處理信息：略讀；2．查讀；3．預(yù)測下文；4．理解大意；5．分清文章中的事實和觀點；6．猜測詞義7．推理判斷；8，了解重點細節(jié)；9理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)；10.理解圖表信息；11.理解指代關(guān)系；12.理解邏輯關(guān)系；13.理解作者意圖；14.評價閱讀內(nèi)容。(一)細節(jié)理解題這類題型主要有三種形式：問句式，不完整的陳述句和排除法。1．問句式A．其發(fā)問形式主要有以下幾種：Howdidsomethinghappen?Whichofthefollowingpeopleshould(not)doit?Whichofthefollowingdidsomebodyhavetodealwith...?Whereshouldsomebodydosomething?B．解題技巧在解這類題時，可采用“對號入座”的辦法，即帶著問題找句子，先看文章后面的問題(這常常被認(rèn)為是非常有效的方法)，注意記憶關(guān)鍵的詞語，如。人物、時間、事件等，確定每道題目的發(fā)問中心，也，就是說，某個問題是針對什么提問的。這樣我們就可以帶著問題去閱讀文章，做到有的放矢。每個問題的發(fā)問中心反饋到原文中去。當(dāng)讀到有關(guān)解答發(fā)問中心的信息時，可在有關(guān)信息下面畫一直線以示突出。帶著發(fā)問中心及選擇項目閱讀原文。2．不完整的陳述句式A．常見形式有：Somethingcanbebestclassifiedas.Acertainkindofpersonissomeonewho.Peoplearelookingforbetterwaysto.Accordingtotheauthor,“it”wascausedby.B．解題技巧：在做不完整的陳述式題目時候，仍可參考上面列舉的解題步驟。第一步，閱讀題目，找出問題的發(fā)問中心。第二步，帶著這些問題來閱讀文章。第三步，根據(jù)前兩步的分析和判斷，選擇出最符合題意的答案3．排除式A．常見形式有：WhichofthefollowingareNOTmentionedinthepassage?WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedin...?WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthepassage?B．解題技巧：（廣告類）做這類題時，首先要仔細閱讀題后的選項，牢記各個選項所闡述的不同內(nèi)容，然后查讀讀原文。凡是原文中的信息與選擇項內(nèi)容相同的，我們可以在這些信息下面劃線，以作為排除的內(nèi)容?！纠}】Themeasureswerecarriedoutbysomegovernments,includingnetsandtraditionaldrumlines,andprovidedbeachgoerswithafalsesenseofsafety.Thestudyfoundtheeffectivenessofnetswasdifficulttoevaluate,whilethesignificantdamagetheycausetoothermarinewildlifewasclear.Researchersdesirefornon-deadlysharkcontrolmeasuressuchaseco-barriers,whichphysicallyseparateswimmersfromsharks,sonar(聲吶)technology,andvariousshark-spottingtechniques.Whichofthefollowingdoresearchersfocuson?A.Beachgoers'safety. B.Theshark-relateddeathrate.C.Friendlysharkcontrolways. D.Advancedshark-spottingtechniques.【提示】留意句子的主語和提問的對象，二者保持一致時鎖定答案?！倦S堂練習(xí)】AThereisanoldsayinginEnglish:"Laughteristhebestmedicine."Untilrecently,fewpeopletookthesayingveryseriously.Now,however,doctorshavebeguntoinvestigatelaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundevidencethatlaughterreallycanimprovepeople'shealth.

Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilms,whiledoctorscheckedtheirheartrate,bloodpressure,breathingandmuscles.Itwasfoundthatlaughterhassimilareffectstophysicalexercise.Itincreasesbloodpressure,theheartrateandtherateofbreathing;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesintheface,thestomach,andeventhefeet.Iflaughterexercisesthebody,itmustbebeneficial.

Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobecapableofreducingtheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprograms.Thegroup,whichtoleratedthepainforthelongesttime,wasthegroup,whichlistenedtoafunnyprogram.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽)inthebrain.Thesearenaturalchemicalsthatdiminishbothstressandpain.

Thereisalsosomeevidencetosuggestthatlaughterhelpsthebody'simmune(免疫的)system,thatis,thesystemwhichfightsinfection.Inanexperiment,onegroupofstudentswatchedafunnyvideowhileanothergroupservedasthecontrolgroup—inotherwords,agroupwithwhichtocomparethefirstgroup.Doctorscheckedthebloodofthestudentsinbothgroupsandfoundthatthepeopleinthegroupthatwatchedthevideohadanincreaseintheactivityoftheirbloodcells,thatis,thecellswhichfightinfection.

Asaresultofthesediscoveries,somedoctorsandpsychiatrists(精神病學(xué)家)intheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinics,inwhichtheytrytoimprovetheirpatients'conditionsbyencouragingthemtolaugh.Theyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughing,makingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Laughterisgoodforone'shealth.

B.Laughterisrelatedtosomeillness.

C.Laughterhasbeeninvestigatedlongsince.

D.Laughterhasnoeffectonthebody.

2.Doctorshavefoundthatlaughter_____.

A.keepsdownbloodpressure B.hassimilareffectstophysicalexercise

C.decreasestheheartrate D.increasesstress

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsoflaughterisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Itreducespain. B.Itexercisesthebody.C.Itimprovesthebody'simmunesystem. D.Itcancurecancer.

4.Whatdodoctorsinalaughterclinicdo?

A.Theylaughattheirpatients.

B.Theyencouragetheirpatientstolaugh.

C.Theysmilewhentheydon'tfeellikelaughing.

D.Theyneverstoplaughing.BShakespeare'sGlobeExhibition&TourisauniqueinternationalresourcetoexploreShakespeare'swork.Openallyearround,itgivesyouanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutthemostfamousplaywright(劇作家),Shakespeare,andhelpsyoufurthertheexperienceandinternationalunderstandingofhim.

GroupVisitstotheExhibition&Tour

*OpeningHours:

TheatreTours:

Monday—Sunday:9:30a.m.—5:00p.m.

Exhibition:

Monday—Sunday:9:00a.m.—5:00p.m.

Groupsof15peopleormorearerequiredtopre-booktheirvisit,andeachgroupwillhaveitsownguideforfree.Tomakeareservation,pleasefillinaGroupRequestFormandreturnittousviaemail.

*ExhibitionandTourPrices

Adult:

$15.00

Senior(60+):

$13.50

Student(withvalidID):

$11.50

Child(5-15):

$8.00

Complimentary:

Every16thpersonfree

*Gettinghere

Shakespeare'sGlobe21NewGlobeWalk,LondonSE19DT,UK

Wehavecurrentlyimprovedsecurity,withallbagsbeingchecked.Pleasearriveingoodtime,anddonotbringanylargebagsandcheckthecalendarbeforeyourvisitorcall44(0)2079021500tofindoutaboutourlatestopeningtimes.

Visitorsareadvisedtoarrivebypublictransportorbytaxi.ThereisacarparkonThamesExchangeonthenorthsideofSouthwarkBridge(open24hours,sevendaysaweek).CabsmaybefoundallyearroundonSouthwarkBridge.ItmayalsobepossibletopickoneupfromoutsidetheentrancehallonNewGlobeWalk.

*Wheretoeat

SwanatShakespeare'sGlobeservesmodernBritishseasonalfoodfordinner,afternoonteaordrinksinourbeautifulbarandrestaurantsetovertwofloors,availableforpre-theatreandpost-theatredining.

SwanRestaurant

Monday—Friday:12noon—2:30p.m.&6:00p.m.—10:30p.m.

Saturday:12noon—3:30p.m.

Sunday:12noon—9:00p.m.1.Ifagroupof20childrenvisittheExhibition&Tour,whatisrequiredforthemtodo?

A.Theyneedtohireaguidethemselves.

B.Theymustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.

C.Theyhavetopay$160forticketsintotal.

D.Theyneedtoemailforareservationinadvance.

2.Whichofthefollowingappliestovisitors?

A.They'reabletogetataxinearSouthwarkBridge.

B.TheycanparkonthesouthsideofSouthwarkBridge.

C.Theyarerequiredtodeposittheirbagsbeforeentering.

D.It'smoreconvenienttodrivetherethantakingpublictransport.

3.WhatcanweknowaboutSwanRestaurant?

A.AfternoonteaisnotservedonSunday.

B.Itservestraditionalseasonalfoodfordinner.

C.Itisclosedfrom3p.m.to5p.m.onworkdays.

D.Itservesthreemeals,drinksandafternoontea.CGrowingupinacityhasalifelongnegativeimpactonaperson’sabilitytonavigate,accordingtoavastglobalsurvey.Inanewstudy,scientistsledbyAntonineCoutrotatNantesUniversityinFranceandHugoSpiersatUniversityCollegeLondondescribehowtheyusedadataset(數(shù)據(jù)集)gatheredfrom4millionsplayersofacomputergamecalled“SeaHeroQuest”,whichtestsway-findingskillsbyaskingplayerstomemoriseamapshowingthelocationofcheckpointsandthenmeasuringhowwellplayerscansteeraboattofindthem.Dr.Spiersfoundthatthestrongestindicatorofahighscorewasaplayer'sage-olderpeopleperformedrelativelypoorly.Butthebenefitofrurallivingwasstrongenoughtooffset(抵消)someofthat.DatafromAmericanplayersshowedthata70-year-oldwhogrewupinthecountrysidehadthenavigationalabilitiesofanaverage60-year-oldacrossthedataset.ThegapbetweenthenavigationskillsofruralandcitypeoplewaslargestinAmerica,andtheresearchersthinktheyknowwhy.Theyfoundthatcountriesdominatedbysimplelayoutsofgrid-based(網(wǎng)格式的)citiesdraggeddownnavigationskillsmorethangrowingupinacitybasedaroundmorecomplicatednetworksofstreets,suchasPrague.Dr.Spierssaysthatthebrain’snavigationalabilitiesprobablyweakenin