勞倫斯筆下的女性形象

PAGEPAGEIIAFeministApproachtoLaurence's

TheStoneAngel

AbstractThispaperintendstostudytheMargaretLawrenceStone'sfreeangelshowsfeministthinking,fromtheperspectiveoffeministandfreefeministtheory,thecharacteroftheimageofHakapPupreflectsthepursuitofindependenceAndfreedom,andwillchangethepatriarchalsocietyandthedesireforgenderharmony,andtheauthor'sviewofwomenisalsodiscussedinthisarticle.TheformationofindependentconsciousnessofthisarticleHaggaiShipleyandhercharacterandcharacterofthedecisiveroleisfullydisplayed.HaggleyaccusedShakespeareofmalebondageandoppression,andrevealedthatfemaledominationinthemale-dominatedsociety,controlofwomenfromthephysical,economicandideologicalaspectsisanimportantfactorhinderthehealthygrowthofwomen'sphysicalandmental.Concernedabouttheformationofwomen'sindependentconsciousness,Lawrenceistolimitwomeninthepatriarchalsociety,aswellastoprovideamaleandfemalestatus,Lawrencebelievesthatgenderharmonyisthekeytosolvetheproblemofwomenandsheisafeministwriterinthetruesenseoffreedom.Keywords:

TheStoneAngel;

HagarShipley;Margaret

Laurence;

feminism

摘要本文致力于研究瑪格麗特·勞倫斯的《石頭天使》所展示的自由女性主義思想，從女性主義角度出發(fā)，運(yùn)用自由女性主義理論觀點(diǎn)，探討哈格這一人物形象所體現(xiàn)的對(duì)獨(dú)立和自由的追求、對(duì)男權(quán)社會(huì)的控訴以及對(duì)兩性和諧的渴望，從而探討作家的女性觀。本文著重研究哈格·希普利獨(dú)立意識(shí)的形成對(duì)她人格和個(gè)性的完整起到舉足輕重的作用。文章重點(diǎn)討論哈格對(duì)男權(quán)束縛和壓迫的控訴，揭示男權(quán)社會(huì)對(duì)女性的控制，并指出他們從身體上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上以及意識(shí)形態(tài)等方面的管制是阻礙女性身心健康成長(zhǎng)的重要因素。勞倫斯關(guān)心女性獨(dú)立意識(shí)的形成，控訴男權(quán)社會(huì)對(duì)女性的限制，也重新審視了男女兩性的現(xiàn)狀，認(rèn)為兩性和諧才是解決女性問題的關(guān)鍵所在，是一個(gè)真正意義上的自由女性主義作家。關(guān)鍵詞:《石頭天使》;哈格·希普利;瑪格麗特·勞倫斯;女權(quán)主義

ContentsAbstract I摘要 IIChapter1Introduction 11.1BackgroundIntroduction 11.2Purposeofthisstudy 21.3Significanceofthisstudy 21.4Organization

ofthisthesis 2Chapter

2

literaturereview 32.1

Margaret

Laurenceandherliterarywriting 32.2

TheStoneAngel—arepresentativeof

Canadian

regionalliterature 42.3StudiesatHomeandAbroad 6Chapter

3

Laurence’s

feminismviewsinTheStoneAngel 63.1

Definitions

aboutfeminism 73.2

MargaretLaurenceFeminisinTheStoneAngel 7Chapter

4

LaurenceFeminisEnbodiesbyHargarShipley’sselfrecognizeandinnerfreedom 94.1

Hagar'spride 94.1.1

Hagar'spride-

thestrengthofsustaining 94.1.2

Hagar'spride

-

theforcetodestroy 104.2

Hagar'srebellion 114.2.1

Hagar'srebellionagainstherfather 124.2.2

Hagar'srebellionagainstherhusband 124.2.3

Hagar'srebellionagainstherelderson 134.3

Hagar'sawakening 13Chapter

5Conclusion 145.1MajorConclusionanddifficulty 145.1Limitationofthisstudy 15Reference 16Acknowledgements 17PAGE17

Chapter1Introduction1.1BackgroundIntroductionStoneangelisthestoryofHagaport.HagarCurryisManawaka'smostsuccessfuldaughterpioneer-merchant,JasonCurry.Hermotherdiedearlyinherbirth,Hagarandhertwobrothersandtheirstemsandtyrannicalfathers,believedonlythehard-woneconomicsuccess.Smartandstrong-mindecHagarfoundinherfather'seyes.Shesharesherfather'scontemptforhis"elegant,unspirited"brother,MattandDan,butalsohistoughruleattheageof17,rebelliousHagarwassenttocollegebyhisfather,whereshelearned"howtodressandbehavlikelady".HagarreturnedtoManawakaafterHagarreluctantlyplayedhostesstoherfatherforthreeyears.WhenshehappenedtomeetBramShipleyintown,shewasdeeplyattractedbythemaledisreputablpoorpeasantandsoonmarriedhimindisregardofherfather'sangerbans.Theirmarriageisadisaster.HagarcouldnotendureBrarnvulgarityandlackofc-business,whileBramstubbornlyrefusedherprideofcontempt.ResentmentofBramisnothealable,HagartoJohn,allherhopesofheryoungestson,andfinallytookhimawayfromBramexpectingtheboytomoldintoanothersuccessfulJasonCurrie.HagargivesJohntherichnessofaloneoldmanbythebutler,Miottelli.Butforallhereffortstoshapea"brightfuture"forJohn,theboylongrealizedthathisrootswereinManawakawithhisfather.JohnShipleyreturnedtothefarmtotakecareofhissickfatherduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.WhenHagarfinallyreturnedtoManawakaBram'sdeath,shefoundherfrustratedthatJohnfellinlovewithArlene,alow-birthmothershealwayslookeddownupon.Inorderto"savfhersonfromapennilessmarriage,shethoughtcatastrophic,HagarwigsArlenelikewisedesperatemothersentthegirltotheEast.ByJohndespaidrunkandkilledhimselfandArlenedrovehisThecarwontherecklesschoiceinthetrbridge.1.2PurposeofthisstudyStoneangelisthestoryofHagaport.HagarCurryisManawaka'smostsuccessfuldaughterpioneer-merchant,JasonCurry.Hermotherdiedearlyinherbirth,Hagarandhertwobrothersandtheirstemsandtyrannicalfathers,believedonlythehard-woneconomicsuccess.Smartandstrong-mindecHagarfoundinherfather'seyes.Shesharesherfather'scontemptforhis"elegant,unspirited"brother,MattandDan,butalsohistoughruleattheageof17,rebelliousHagarwassenttocollegebyhisfather,whereshelearned"howtodressandbehavlikelady".HagarreturnedtoManawakaafterHagarreluctantlyplayedhostesstoherfatherforthreeyears.WhenshehappenedtomeetBramShipleyintown,shewasdeeplyattractedbythemaledisreputablpoorpeasantandsoonmarriedhimindisregardofherfather'sangerbans.Theirmarriageisadisaster.HagarcouldnotendureBrarnvulgarityandlackofc-business,whileBramstubbornlyrefusedherprideofcontempt.ResentmentofBramisnothealable,HagartoJohn,allherhopesofheryoungestson,andfinallytookhimawayfromBramexpectingtheboytomoldintoanothersuccessfulJasonCurrie.HagargivesJohntherichnessofaloneoldmanbythebutler,Miottelli.Butforallhereffortstoshapea"brightfuture"forJohn,theboylongrealizedthathisrootswereinManawakawithhisfather.JohnShipleyreturnedtothefarmtotakecareofhissickfatherduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.WhenHagarfinallyreturnedtoManawakaBram'sdeath,shefoundherfrustratedthatJohnfellinlovewithArlene,alow-birthmothershealwayslookeddownupon.Inorderto"savfhersonfromapennilessmarriage,shethoughtcatastrophic,HagarwigsArlenelikewisedesperatemothersentthegirltotheEast.ByJohndespaidrunkandkilledhimselfandArlenedrovehisThecarwontherecklesschoiceinthetrbridge.1.3SignificanceofthisstudyThispaperwillexaminehowMargaretLawrence(1926-1987),knownasanimportantfemalewriterofCanadianmodernliterature,"[s]playedaleadingroleintheCanadianandChancelleryWritersUnion[s]committeefirstdraftedTheConstitution"(Etudes.4),addressingwomen'sissues,representsCanadainthemodernfeminist.DeborahLMadsensaysherbookbeginswithfeministtheoryandpractice."Femalewritingandfeminismhavealwaysbeencloselyrelated,because"femalewriting"isakeycategoryoffemininediscourse(3)willusetheiruniquehistoricalexperience,theconceptoftheirfeminineconsciousnessandtheirowndefinitionofgenderrestrictionandoppressionreflectthereafityofthefemalewriters(3)Supportandchallengethefemaleworld.ThenthefollowingpaperwilldiscussMargueriteLawrence'sfeministideaofhowsheperceives,respondingwithfeminisminhermasterpieceAStoneAngelindetail.1.4Organization

ofthisthesisThispaperconsistsoffivechapters:Thefirstchapterintroducestheresearchpurposeandstructureofthepaper.ThesecondchapterfocusesonLawrence'slife,literaryworksandabriefsummaryofthestoneangels,ChapterIIIofLawrence'sfeministviewonstoneangels.Lawrence'sstoneangelssubvertthepatriarchalliterarytraditionbyfocusingonaheroineinanefforttofindherself-identityandspiritualfreedominamale-dominatedworld,ChapterIVdealingwithHagar'slifeexperiencesandinnerself-identificationandfreedomjourneys.ByanalyzingtherebelliouslifeofHagar,wecanlearnfromLawrence'sgentle,pragmatic,optimisticfeministperspective.ChapterVconcludesthatHagar'shardstruggletofindthehardshipsofhersurvivalandfreedomshowsustheearlyfemininepioneerandenduring,andpointsoutthatoursamespiritualjourneyisnecessaryfortheliberationofwomenandtheprimaryfoundationsofCanadaAuniqueculturalimage.Chapter

2

literaturereview2.1

Margaret

LaurenceandherliterarywritingMargaretLawrence(1926-1987)isoneofCanada'smostsuccessfulnovelists.HermajorworksincludefiveCanadian-setnovels:StoneAngel(1964),God'sJoke(1966),TheFire-Dwellers(1969),andDivination(1974),whichiscommonlyreferredtoasawhole"Manawakacycle".GeorgeTilly,afamousCanadiancritic,evenregardedMargaretLawrenceas"Canada'sequivalentofTolstoy,"becauseshewas"fullofspaceandhistoryofdevelopment,totheextentthatnootherCanadiannovelistcouldOpponents"(Hillcock,theCanadianworld40).MargaretLawrence(neeWemyss)bominManitobaLaketownofNeepawa,laterbecamefictionaltownManakawaprairienovel.HerparentscamefromtheProtestantlineage,whichmeans"PuritanismofthereligiousandculturaltraditionsofthesalientfeaturesofauthorMarguerite'supbringing"(Fabre,Michel,16).Whenshewasonlyfouryearsold,hermotherdiedofakidneyinfection.Unmarriedsisterhermothertotakecareofthem,andbecomeMargaretayearafterstepmother.HerfatherdiedwhenMargaretwasnine.In1938,thefatherofthe82-year-oldwife.WemyssyoungfamilymovedtoherhouseMargarethatedhergrandfather'srigidauthoritarianism.Marguerite"hasachallenge,butcertainlynotadisability,thisknightisstillfiercelyautocratic,theloveandencouragementofherstepmother,herownstrongspirits,harmoniousandhergrandfather'spowerisconstant,balancedpowerLearningaboutgrowthandachievement"(LawrenceThomas,251)InLawrence'slateryears,shewasactiveinmanyotherfieldsbesideswriting.Sheisopentosocialissues,particularlynucleardisarmament,andsheenthusiasticallysupportswomeninpeace,socialjustice,equality,andenvironmentalprotectionthroughletters,lectures,essaysandfundraisingactivities(biographyofMargaretLawrence'shome).AlthoughLawrencediedearlyinlungcanceratsixty,leavingherpassionatememoirs,thedanceontheground,unfinished.Herartisticvoiceandthehumanisticspiritcontinuetodanceinthewarmresponsethatshehaslongbeenthroughnumerousreadersofthelatergeneration.2.2

TheStoneAngel—arepresentativeof

Canadian

regionalliteratureAllpersistentregionalliteratureshavestrongqualitiesthatsuggestregionalcharacteristicsthathaveuniversalsignificance.ThesameistrueoftheManawakaseriesbyMargaretLawrence.ThefictionaltownofManawakawaspatternedafterLawrence'sownbirthplace.RootedinthelocalcolorsofManawaka,Lawrence'sin-depthexplorationofcommonhumanenslavementandthespiritualfreedomofthejourneyhasfadedtoattractreadersandcriticsandbeyondtheEnglish-speakingworld.StoneAngels,thefirstnoveloftheManawakaseries,isoftenregardedastherepresentativeofLawrence'sandCanadianregionalliterature.StoneangelisthestoryofHagaport.HagarCurryisManawaka'smostsuccessfuldaughterpioneer-merchant,JasonCurry.Hermotherdiedearlyinherbirth,Hagarandhertwobrothersandtheirstemsandtyrannicalfathers,believedonlythehard-woneconomicsuccess.Smart,assertive,Hagarfoundintheeyesofherfather.Shesharedherfather'scontemptforher"elegant,unspirited"brother,MattandDan,butalsorebelledagainsthistoughrules.Attheageof17,Hagarwassenttouniversitybyhisfather,whereshelearned"howtodresslikealady".HagarreturnedtoManawakaafterHagarbarelyplayedthehostesstoherfatherforthreeyears.WhenshehappenedtomeetBramShipleyintown,shewasdeeplyattractedbythemachismoofthisinfamouspoorpeasantandsoonmarriedhimindisregardofherfather'sangerbans.Buttheirmarriagehasbecomeadisaster.HagarcannotstandBrarnvulgar,thelackofbusiness,andBramstubbornlyrefusedherprideofcontempt.ResentmentofBram'sinabilitytoheal,HagartoJohn,allherhopesofheryoungestson,andfinallytookhimawayfromBramHopetheboymoldedintoanothersuccessfulJasonCurrie.HagargivesJohnaricholdmanbythebutler,Mr.Ottley.Butforallhereffortstoshapea"brightfuture"forJohn,theboygrewuponlyafterrealizinghisrootsinManawakawithhisfather.JohnShipleyreturnedtothefarmtotakecareofhissickfatherduringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.WhenHagarfinallyreturnedtoManawakaBram'sdeath,shefoundherfrustratedthatJohnfellinlovewithArlene,alow-birthmothershealwayslookeddownupon.Inorderto"save"hersonfromapennilessmarriage,shethoughtthecatastrophic,HagarandArleneequallydesperatemothersentthegirltotheEast.Asaresultofdespair,JohndrunkandkilledhimandArlenedrovehiscarinthetrestletowintherecklesschoice.Bram'sdeathandJohn'sdeath,Hagarbecomesabitteroldcynic.HereldestsonMarvinandhiswifeDorismovedHagar'shouseandtookcareofher.ButHagaralwaysindifferenttothehardandlovecriticaloftemper.Whentheybegantoplantosendhertoanoldman'shome,Hagarangrilyfledfromhome.Butwhileshewasinexile,healthcontactwithanoutspokenstrangerhelpedhertoseehershortcomings.Quicklyfoundandsenttothehospital,Hagarfurthersoftenthewarmthofpatience,andultimatelybeabletoachievesomefreedomtoloveandacceptlovebeforeherdeath.ThisfemalecharacterisextremelyvividlyportrayedbyMargaretAtwoodasifyoubelieveinCanadianfictionyouwillbelievethatmostofthewomeninthiscountryhaveanyrealexistenceofmorethanfifty,anddifficult,sterile,repressiveandgraniteAwealot.Theylivewithintensity,butgnashingteeth,theyareoftenregardedasmalicious,evilorlife,throughthemselvesorothercharacters(confusedwithmud,Margaret,200).2.3StudiesatHomeandAbroad

TheStoneAngelwasfoundedastheleadingnovelistMargaretLawrenceinCanadaandCanada.ThisisLawrence'smostfamousandmostrespectedwork,thenovelknownastheCanadianclassics.ThenovelisthepersonalaccountofHagapPape'slastdaysofherlifeaswellasadepictionofreallifeinthewesternCanadiansteppetownsfromthelatenineteenthcenturytothe1930s.Self-reliant-andstubborn,erotic,inhernineties,herlifealmostbehindher-Hagarnarrativememoryrelivedherlife,herbattlewithherselfbeforeherdeath.Herstorypresentstwoseparatebutinterlinkedchains,withmemoriesofthecurrenteventstriggeredbythepast.Twoperiodsgraduallyconvergence.TimeisnowHagarinninetyyears,aproud,powerful,brutalwomanpainfuloldinsult,buttheneedforhospitaltreatmentstubbornlyrefusedtoleaveherhome.ThememoriesofthepastbeganattheageofsixHagar,hisfatherJasonhasagrocerystore.TimepassedthroughHagar'smarriageBramShipley,abrutalfarmer,amarriagefromhersocialclassandisolationfromherfamily,throughthebirthoftwosons,sheabandonedBram,theclothRam'sdeathandherfavoritesonJohn,herlifewithhersonMarvinWestCoastcityofVancouver.Asthestoryunfolds,wegetinvolvedinherpast,seeingHagarasalittlegirlgrowingupinadesolateprairietown,asamalewifebutunsuccessfulpeasantwithhermarriageisstormy,asaMother,dominatingheryoungestson,andfinally,anoldwomanisolated,uncompromisingprideandaftsheinheritedthevirtuesoftheancestorsfromthevanguard.Whenherhealthfails,Hagardesperatelytriestoescapethefateofthehoundsecrettothenearbyshadow.Withherlifealmostbehindher,HagiShipleywasaboldmovetowardsfreedomandindependenceinthefinalstep.Thisnovelisalsobornwiththeendofdeath.Hagarreachesacertainlevelofself-knowledge,freedomandpleasure:theobjectofherlife'spursuit.Chapter

3

Laurence’s

feminismviewsinTheStoneAngel3.1

Definitions

aboutfeminismWomenhavebeenregardedasthesecondsex.Variousreasonsorreasonsleadtothisdisadvantageofwomen,fromthelawsofdevelopmentofnature,societyandhistory,ornaturalphysiologicalandpsychologicalgenderdifferences.InWesternculture,women'ssubordinationstatussymbolizesthe"Genesis"inwhichwomenaredescribedasmenfrombones.Finally,accordingtotheBible,"Thisisthebonesofmybones,andthefleshofflesh;thisshallbecalledawoman,becausethisistheone"(Biblical4)."Yourdesireisyourhusband,andyourhusbandwillruleoveryou"(Bible5).ThisisthewillofGod,womenaremen.Inthelonghumanhistory,womenhavebeendemoted,despisedbythesocialandideologicalprovisionsofmen.Aristotlesaid,"Womenarewomenbecauseofsomelackofhighquality,"andSt.ThomasAquinasassertsthat"awomanisanimperfectperson,anaccidental"(Fabre,Michel,twentyone).InancientChina,awomanwasaskedtoobeyherfatherbeforemarriage,andherhusbandlivedinmarriageinthewidowandherson.Womenareforcedtoliveinaworldwheretheyareperceivedasinferiorandobedienttomen.Arbitraryandunjustwomanappointmentsaremany!Feministcriticismseekstoreexaminethefeministconsciousnessofthepastandpresentfeministconsciousnessoftheassistance(awareness)ofthestereotypeofmenandwomen,theeconomicsituationofwomenastheauthoroftheprejudiceofmalecriticsandpublishers,betweenwritingandgenderRelationship,andsoon.Feministcriticismwiththerediscoveryandreprintingofpastworksbymanyfemalewriters,withthereorganizationoftheachievementsofthewriter'sreputationhasbeenhigh;withtheprocessofcontinuousinquiryandencouragementtogenderdiscriminationattitudesintheliteratureofmenandwomen;newfeminismWriting,academicandcreative(Fleming,344).3.2

MargaretLaurenceFeminisinTheStoneAngelThetitleofthefourthbookinthisseriesisaserialshortstoryinabirdintheHouse,VanessaMcLeod'sprotagonist.Theclimaxofaseriesofdivination,MoragGunn,the47-year-oldhero,explorestheartist'sroleandunderstandsthecenterofpastartistfluxes.AlltheheroinesareManawakaorgetridoftheirshackles.Lawrence'scharacter,ninety-year-oldHagar'sstoneangel,forexample,orajokeofmiddle-agedsingleteacherRachelCameronGod-confrontaseriouslocalstyleofcouragegavethemaself-knowledgeandincreasedhappinessability.Althoughfarawayfromherhomeintheprairie,inherimaginationLawrenceconstantlyreturnedtoherchildhood,theplainoftenvisitedthefictionaltownofManawaka,fromhernovelheroine,despitetheirultimateactresslivingonstoneAnjifamily.Sherealizesthisisthereal"stand",evenasawritersheneedstoalienateittogettherightpurposetowriteachildhoodsheremembersaloneandisolatedland.Chapter

4

LaurenceFeminisEnbodiesbyHargarShipley’sselfrecognizeandinnerfreedomThestoneangelwasamilestoneinCanadianliteratureandthecornerstoneofMargaretLawrence'scareer.ItnotonlybuiltLawrence'sinternationalliteraryreputation,butalsocontributedtoCanada'squestforself-identification,helpingtoestablishCanadianidentityinliterature.Hagar,imprisonedprideandguilt,begantosearchforwhatcouldbefreeforher.Weshareherultimateindependence;moreimportantly,weshareherself-acknowledgmentoftreason;andfinally,weshareHagar'sfreedomtofightforheridentityandspirit.Hagar'srealizationofhertrueself-victoryisactuallyallfighters,againstthemale-dominatedworld.4.1

Hagar'spride4.1.1

Hagar'spride-

thestrengthofsustainingThetitleofthestonecomesfromtheactualstoneimageoftheangelmarkedbythegraveofHagar'smother,whodiedfromtherawstubborndaughter.Likeastoneangel,Hagarseemstobemadeofstone.Sharingherfather'spride,shedoesnotallowherselftoexpressheremotions,whichmaybeconsideredsoft.Andstoneasthecoldemotionalangel,Hagarseemstobemadeofstone.Shehasnosignsoffemininityandmaternity,northeabilitytolove.Hagar'spridecomesfrom?Hagarhasjustinheritedtheprideofherfather.Hagar'smotherdiedinherbirth,sothatHagarandhertwobrothersandtheirSternandtyrannicalfather,believethatonlythehard-woneconomicsuccess.Byherseriouslackofamother,Hagaristheproudfatherofsocialization.Fromhim,shelearnedtorejectanyofthefeaturesthatwereseenasshortcomingsinherandtheothers.Hagarandthewomanevenputtheweakness,andthusrecoilfromallwomen.Hagarnotonlyinheritedtheprideofherfather,butalsolikeherfather'sbodyandtemperament:onlyme,whodoesnotwanttolivewithhiminhishawksnoseandgazecanmeettheeyelashes(stoneangels,8).ThenwheredidJason'spridecomefrom?AtJason'stime,theManawakapeopleweretalkingandpioneeringtheland,proudofthefinancialsuccess,inthe"getahead."Jason'spersonalandfamilyhistoryembodiesthepioneermythofStoicism,thesuccessfulemigration.JasonisadescendantoftheScottishHighlands,whosefamilymottois"No,"Jasonisasymbolofindustriousness,Stern,controllingfather-likecharacters.Themottoofhisfamilylife,challengeanyonetobanhimanything.JasonalwaysremindedthechildrenthattheyhadnobleoriginsandtriedtoinculcateHagarandthepracticalvalueofChristianityhimselfasrightinhisviewofHagarafterheandHagar"pillars"(StoneAngels,7).SoHagarinheritedastrongsenseofpridefromhisfather.Likeastoneangel,muchlargerandmoreexpensivethanalltheothers,JasonseeshimselfassuperiortotheotherManawaka,Hagarstockthispride.SheandJasontakethemselvesandothersinthecommunitycomparedtohowthefamilysucceeds.CharlotteSheisthebestfriendworthyofHagar,sheisthedaughterofthedoctor.Lottiwasatthebottomofthesocialladderbecauseshedidnothaveafather'sprotection.Henrypearlisridiculedbecausehisfatherispoor.Thesechildren'sfathersleavethecontemptoftheircommunities.Affluentmenrespectthecommunityandrulestheirfamilieswiththeirpowerandprivileges.4.1.2

Hagar'spride

-

theforcetodestroyHagar'spride,andtheresultingdestruction,is"adouble-edgedsword,bothinternalandexternal"(StoneAngels,48),notonlyhurtingthepeoplearoundher,butalsobeingself-contradictory.Destructivepridesuppressesherrelationshipwithherbrother,herhusbandandherson,andevencausesalienationfromherself.Taylor'scomments"Hagarlostherpotentialself-satietywhenshecutherselffromtheothers"(StoneAngels,162).Drivinghome,thediscussionoffivegroupsofrelationships,includingHagar'sdetachmentfromherbrother,Hagar'sseparationfromherhusband,HagarlostherfavoritesonJohn,Hagar's"escape"toherleftUnderthesonofMarvin,andfinally,Hagardeviatedfromhertrueself.Firstofall,Hagarneverapproachedherbrother.Hagar'sfatherlookeddownonthe"feminine"gentleMattandDan'smorbidweaknesses.However,aswementionedearlier,JasonisproudofHagarbecauseshelookslikehimandhas"pillars"(stoneangels,7).HagarnotonlyinheritedtheprideofJason,butalsoinheritedJason'shatredandevenweaklook.Soshealsolookdownonherbrothers,thoughshelovesherheart.TheincidencehasadetachabledisplayofHagarfromherniggaz:WhenDandiedofpneumonia,MatttriedtopersuadeteenageHagartoputonhismother'splaidshawlDanonthedressingtable,ashewasstillachildwhendyingDanwascomforted.However,Hagarrefusedtodosobecauseshehatedmother"docilewoman"."ButallIcanthinkofisthegentlewomanI'veneverseen,anditissaidthatthewomanDanrememberssomuchthatheinheritedfromhisweaknessIcannothelpbuthate,butIwanttosympathizewiththepartofHagarJohntryingtoruleLifeandfashionimageisdesirable.Hagar'sprideblindedhertrueloveinJohnandArlene.HercannotseeherbadinfluenceonJohn,andArleneisactuallyaverygoodgirl.SheneverBecauseofherstrongoppositiontotheyoungcouple,theyleaveHagar'shouse,causingtheaccidentanddeathoftwo.Shecannotbendenoughtoseebeyondherconcernsnotherson'shappiness,buttheotherWhowouldhavesaidthatiftheyknewwhathadhappenedandshecould"liftherheadinthecity"(StoneAngel,199),soherdestructivepride,JohnandArlenefoolishandunnecessarydeath,Aforeverlostherfavoriteson.4.2

Hagar'srebellionLookingforanautonomouslivinginamale-dominatedworld,Hagarhasbeenstoppingherindifferentways.Hagar'slifeisajourneyofherrebelliousself-acknowledgement.Herlifeconsistedofaseriesofrevolts:againstherrigid,hypocriticalPresbyterianfather,againstherirresponsiblehusband,againstthemercyofhereldestson.Hagarstrugglestomaintainindependenceandgainherself-identificationallthroughherlife.Undertheinfluenceofherfather,Hagarbelievedthatanyevidenceofwarmthoftheemotionsthatmankindreliesonisanintolerablemarkofthecharacterweakness.Asaresult,Hagarcutthemselvesfromthepleasuresoflifeinsocialinteractionwithchildren.Hagar,behavedlikeasoldierfromthebeginningtotheend.Shesoughthertrueidentityandfreedom.Inotherwords,Hagarislookingfortherightplaceinamale-dominatedworld.Toachievethis,sherebelledtheform.Tomakethispointclear,thefollowingpassagewillelaboratethethreerebellionsofHapapepthatleadtothediscoveryofhertrueselfandreturntohertrueidentity.4.2.1

Hagar'srebellionagainstherfatherBornwithaprivilegedchildhoodManawaka'sonlybusinessman'sdaughterJasonCurry,HagargrewupinaScottishhighlandfamilywithoutamother.Startingfromscratch,Jasonhas"puthimselfoutofthehead"(StoneAngel,7).Hagar'sfirstrecollectionofherfatherwasasternforeman,letherlearnweightsandmeasures,scoldherinattention,butnevercorrectlypraisedherrecitation.JasonCurriecanbeseenastheimageofGodinthisnovelwhowantstobuildandpreachhisowndynasty.JasonCurriesymbolizesauthorityandpatriarchy.HealwaystriestocontrolHagar'slife.However,JasonforgottobeHagarresembleshim.Hagardaretodeny.Asachildandayoungwoman,sherepeatedlychallengedherfather'sauthority.WhenJasonhitHa