2023屆高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解話題分類-社會(huì)（含答案）

2023屆閱讀理解話題分類專練:社會(huì)

（共4題）

一、閱讀理解題（共4題）

1.IndianHerosandGreatChieftains

ThebookmainlypresentsuswiththeAmericanIndianleadersofthepast.Itfeaturesmanyprofiles

andbiographiesincludingSittingBull,RedCloud,LittleCrowandLozenQuanahetc,writtenbyauthor

CharlesEastman,andI'msureyouwillbeinterestedinit.

Name:SittingBull

Birth:1831Death:12-15-1890

HewasagreatheroandisrespectedbymanyAmericanIndians.Ina1997documentary—TheGreat

Tribes,hewasknownasaholyman,acomposerofsongsandanartist.Underhim,theSiouxand

CheyenneNationsunified.HewasadvisedtogoonaEuropeantourin1887,butheturneditdownto

defendthesetwonationsfrombeingseparatedagain.Heledhispeopleduringyearsofresistanceto

UnitedStatesgovernmentpoliciesandwaskilledbyIndianagencypoliceontheStandingRockIndian

Reservation.

Name:CrazyHorse

Birth:1842Death:9-5-1877

CrazyHorsewasalegendarywarrior（勇士）andagentleleaderaswellasabravemanwhostoodfor

thehighestidealoftheSioux,celebratedforhisbattleskillsaswellashiseffortstopreserveNative

Americantraditionsandwayoflife.ResistingeffortstoforcetheSiouxontoreservations,hefought

alongsideSittingBullandothersintheAmerican-IndianWars.CharlesEastmandescribedhiminhisbook

IndianHeroesasnamanofdeedsandnotofwords".

Name:RedCloud

Birth:1822Death:12-10-1909

HewasagainstthemovementofthewhitesettlersintotheBlackHills.In1868,herefusedtosigna

treaty（條約），whichstatedthattheBlackHillsdidn*tbelongtotheLakotapeople.Thetreatyalsostated

thattheseareascouldn'tbeenteredwithoutthegovernment'spermission.AccordingtoEastman'sbook

IndianHeroes,hewassaidtohavefoughtagainstthetreaty,forcingthegovernmenttogiveinandpull

outofthearea.

Name:LozenQuanah

Birth:late1840sDeath:1890

KnownastheyoungestsisterofRedCloud,shedevotedherselftothepeople.Shewasdescribedin

PeterAleshire'sWomanasaheroinegoodatridinghorsesandusingabowandarrowtodriveattackers

away.Thisskillwasconsideredtobe"oneofthemosthonoredskillsamongtheIndians".

（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutCrazyHorse?

A.Hewasfriendlytohissoldier.B.Heshowedgreatcourage.

C.Hewasagreattalker.D.Hewasrespected.

（2）Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

A.SittingBulldislikedtraveling

B.IndianHeroeswasabookonIndianhistory

C.inthe1880sIndiansoldiersweremainlyarmedwithbowsandarrows

D.inthe1850sIndianwomenwerenotallowedtoridehorses

（3）Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.showIndians'livestoreaders

B.describegreatIndianheroesandheroines

C.showthehistoryoftheIndians

D.commentonahistorybook

2.BobDylan:NottoBeDefined

BobDylanisafolk-rocksinger,songwriterandguitaristknownasoneofAmerica'sgreatestliving

legends.

Inhisearlyyearshelistenedtotheradio—firsttobluesandcountrystations,andlatertorockand

roll.WhenhewasenrolledattheUniversityofMinnesota,hisfocusonrockandrollgavewayto

Americanfolkmusic.Hesaid:"Thethingaboutrock'n'rollwasn'tenough...thesongsweren'tseriousor

didn'treflectlifeinarealisticway.IknewthatwhenIgotintofolkmusic,itwasmoreofaserioustypeof

thing.____"

Dylan'sriseasasongwriterandperformercoincidedwith（與不謀而合）“thetorchbeingpassed

toanewgeneration".____Healsowrotesongsprotesting（抗議）abuseofblackpeopleinthesouthfor

theirjobequality.

BobDylanquicklybecameaniconofsocialprotest.Hebroughtanintellectualaswellasemotional

aspecttohissongs.Thecollegestudentslovedit.Other1960sperformerspickeduphissongs.Dylanwas

suchauniquemusicianthathesangwitharaspy（嘶啞的）voiceandhadaharmonica（口琴）wired

aroundhisneck.

_Hehasinsistedonchoosinghisownidentity.Therefore,BobDylanisanotedexampleof

IdentityIndependence.Hehasnotdiedlikesomeotherrockiconsbutlivedandperformedand

constantlymovedon,reshapinghimselfinvariousways.

OnOctober13,2016TheNobelPrizecommitteeannouncedthatitwouldbeawardingDylanthe

NobelPrizeinliterature"forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansong

tradition.Hisbanquetspeechstated:"Fromanearlyage,I'vebeenfamiliarwithandreadingand

absorbingtheworksofthosewhowereregardedworthyofsuchadistinction:Kipling,PearlBuckand

Hemingway.____ThatInowjointhenamesonsuchalististrulybeyondwords."

(1)

A.Hewrotetwosongsthatcametodefinethespiritofthatera.

B.Dylanhasstubbornlyrefusedtobewhatotherpeoplewantedhimtobe.

C.Youcallyourselfwhatyouwanttocallyourself,becauseitisthelandofthefree.

D.Thesongsarefilledwithmoresadness,moresuccess,andmuchdeeperfeelings.

E.Hementionedinaninterview:Whoeverdreamsaboutsomethinglikethat?

F.Thesegiantsofliteraturewhoseworksaretaughtintheschoolhavealwaysmadeadeep

impression.

(2)

A.Hewrotetwosongsthatcametodefinethespiritofthatera.

B.Dylanhasstubbornlyrefusedtobewhatotherpeoplewantedhimtobe.

C.Youcallyourselfwhatyouwanttocallyourself,becauseitisthelandofthefree.

D.Thesongsarefilledwithmoresadness,moresuccess,andmuchdeeperfeelings.

E.Hementionedinaninterview:Whoeverdreamsaboutsomethinglikethat?

F.Thesegiantsofliteraturewhoseworksaretaughtintheschoolhavealwaysmadeadeep

impression.

(3)

A.Hewrotetwosongsthatcametodefinethespiritofthatera.

B.Dylanhasstubbornlyrefusedtobewhatotherpeoplewantedhimtobe.

C.Youcallyourselfwhatyouwanttocallyourself,becauseitisthelandofthefree.

D.Thesongsarefilledwithmoresadness,moresuccess,andmuchdeeperfeelings.

E.Hementionedinaninterview:Whoeverdreamsaboutsomethinglikethat?

F.Thesegiantsofliteraturewhoseworksaretaughtintheschoolhavealwaysmadeadeep

impression.

(4)

A.Hewrotetwosongsthatcametodefinethespiritofthatera.

B.Dylanhasstubbornlyrefusedtobewhatotherpeoplewantedhimtobe.

C.Youcallyourselfwhatyouwanttocallyourself,becauseitisthelandofthefree.

D.Thesongsarefilledwithmoresadness,moresuccess,andmuchdeeperfeelings.

E.Hementionedinaninterview:Whoeverdreamsaboutsomethinglikethat?

F.Thesegiantsofliteraturewhoseworksaretaughtintheschoolhavealwaysmadeadeep

impression.

3.Einsteinwasbornin1879inGermany.Asachild,hewasslowtolearntotalk.Asapupil,hewas

backward.Butwhenhewasfourteenyearsold,hebecameclever.Hetaughthimselfmathsfrom

textbooks.Hestudiedhardbecausehewantedtobeaphysicist.

In1901,Einsteinbeganteaching.In1902hecontinuedhisstudiesattheUniversityofZurich.Several

yearslater,heformulated(系統(tǒng)地闡述)hisfamousTheoryofRelativity(相對(duì)論).Tomostpeoplethelaw

ofrelativityisdifficulttoexplain.ButonceEinsteinexplaineditverywelltoagroupofyoungstudents.He

said,"Whenyousitwithagoodgirlfortwohours,youthinkitisonlyaminute.Butwhenyousitonahot

stoveforaminute,youthinkit'stwohours.Thatisrelativity."

AfterHitlercameintopowerinGermany,EinsteinwenttoAmerica.In1940Einsteinbecamean

Americancitizen.In1955,Einstein'slifeendedattheageofseventy-six.

(1)WhenEinsteinwasapupiloftwelve,he.

A.wasnotquickinlearningtotalkB.waspoorinhisstudies

C.studiedveryhardD.hardlylaggedbehind

(2)Thelawofrelativityis.

A.veryhardformostpeopletounderstand

B.toohardforEinsteinhimselftoexplain

C.toohardtoexplaintoanybodyexceptEinstein

D.easytounderstandonlyfortheyoungstudents

(3)WhendidEinsteinbecomeanAmericancitizen?

A.HewasanAmericancitizenuntil1940.

B.Notuntilhehadreachedtheageof61didhebecomeanAmericancitizen.

C.HedidnotbecomeanAmericancitizenuntil1955.

D.HebecameanAmericancitizenintheyearwhenHitlercameintopower.

(4)Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkistrue?

A.TheGermansowedtheirscientificprogresstoEinstein.

B.TheAmericansowedalltheireconomicdevelopmenttoEinstein.

C.Einsteinowedagreatdealtothemodernworld.

D.Einsteinmadeaverygreatcontributiontomodernscience.

(5)Thetitleforthispassageshouldbe"

A.TheoryofRelativityB.AnAmericanCitizen

C.AlbertEinsteinD.Einstein'sContribution

4.Whenhetookoffice,GeorgeW.Bush,sonofformerpresidentGeorgeHerbertWalkerBush,became

thefirstsontofollowhisfatherintotheWhiteHousesinceJohnQuincyAdamsfollowedJohnAdamsin

theearly19thcentury.

BushwasbornonJuly6,1946,inNewHaven,Connecticut,thefirstchildofGeorgeHerbertWalker

BushandBarbaraPierceBush.AlthoughGeorgeHerbertWalkerBushbeganhiscareerintheoilindustry,

hefinallyservedasacongressman(國(guó)會(huì)議員)，andvice(副)presidentandpresidentoftheUnitedStates.

Attheageoftwo,BushmovedwithhisparentsfromConnecticuttoOdessa,Texas,wherehisfather

tookuptheoilbusiness.AfterayearinTexas,thefamilymovedtoCaliforniaforbusinessreasons.Ayear

later,thefamilyreturnedtoTexasandsettledinMidland,whereBushlivedfrom1950to1959.

In1959,againforbusinessreasons,thefamilymovedtoHouston,Texas.In1961BushleftTexasand

wenttoAndover,Massachusetts,toattendPhillipsAcademy,aboardingschool(寄宿學(xué)校)thathisfather

hadalsoattended.

AtPhillips,Bushplayedbasketball,baseball,andfootball.Hewasbestknownforbeinghead

cheerleader.In1964heenrolledatYaleUniversityinConnecticut.Hisfatherandgrandfatherhadalso

attendedYale.AtYale,Bushwasconsideredanaveragestudent,buthewaspopularwithhisclassmates.

BushgraduatedfromYalewithabachelor'sdegreeinhistoryin1968.ThenhejoinedtheAir

NationalGuardandremainedintheGuarduntil1973.AfterearninghisMBAfromHarvardin1975.Bush

returnedtoMidland.Likehisfather;hefirstenteredtheoilindustryasa"landsman(新手)However;

Bush'soilcompaniesneverenjoyedgreatsuccess.Hetookmoreinterestinpolitics.Hehelpedhisfather

tobecomepresidentandin1994hehimselfwaselectedgovernorofTexas.

Inthesummerof1999,BushbegantorunforthepresidentoftheUSAandonJanuary20,2001,

GeorgeW.Bush,handraised,tooktheoath(宣誓)ofofficetobecomethe43rdpresidentoftheUS.

(1)Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellusinthefirstparagraph?

A.GeorgeW.BushisthefirstsoninAmericanhistorytofollowhisfatherintotheWhiteHouse.

B.GeorgeW.BushisthefirstsonofformerpresidentGeorgeHerbertWalkerBush.

C.JohnQuincyAdamsandhisfatherwerebothformerAmericanpresidents.

D.GeorgeW.BushisthesecondoneinAmericanhistorytofollowhisfatherintotheWhiteHouse.

(2)WemaylearnfromthetextthatyoungBush.

A.gotonverywellattheuniversities

B.wasverygoodatbaske