英語詩歌的類型

1.Epic史詩

--recountinginacontinuousnarrativethelifeandactionofaheroicormythologicalpersonorgroupofpersons--Homer:IliadandOdyssey

Virgil:Aeneid

Dante:DivineComedyAnglo-Saxonlegend:Beowulf

Milton:ParadiseLost12.Ballad歌謠

--anarrativepoemoffolksongwhichtellsastoryinsimplecolloquiallanguage,usuallyinfour-linestanzaswiththesecondandfourthlinesrhymed--theborderareabetweenEnglandandScotland--theMiddleages--commonpeople,oraltradition--traditionalballad:RobinHoodBallads--literaryballad:Coleridge:TheRimeoftheAncientMariner23.Romance傳奇

--primarilymedievalfictioninverseorprosedealingwithadventuresofchivalryandlove--Frenchorigin--feudalsystem--SirGawainandtheGreenKnight--LeMorte

d’Arthur

3II.Lyricpoetry抒情詩--takingitsnamefromsongssungbyindividualsorachorusaccompaniedbythelyre--possiblytheoldest:theSongofSolomonandthePsalms--FrancescoPetrarch

–Italiansonnet--loveasthemostimportantsubjectmatter--differentfromnarrativepoems:

Narrative

Lyric

story

song

action

emotion41.Sonnet十四行詩

--afourteen-linepoem,writteniniambicpentameter(lineswithtensyllables,withaccentsfallingoneverysecondsyllable)--PetrarchinItaly--England:ThomasWyatt,HenryHoward--Spenseriansonnet:--Shakespeareansonnet:abab,cdcd,efef,gg

52.Ode頌詩

--aformoflyricpoeminwhichthepoethighlycelebratesaperson,athingoranevent--length,stanzaforms,styleandpurpose--Shelley:OdetotheWestWind

Keats:OdetoAutumn

63.Song歌

--ashortlyricpoemintendedtobesettomusicineithervocalperformanceorwithaccompanimentofmusicalinstruments--BenJonson:Song:toCelia

74.Elegy挽詩;挽歌;哀歌

--elegiac(GreekandRoman)--writtenincoupletsconsistingofahexameterlinefollowedbyapentameterline--usuallyareflectivepoemoflamentationorregret,withnosetmetricalform,generallyofmelancholytone,oftenondeath--ThomasGray:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard85.Dirge挽歌

--originallyareligiousserviceinhonorofthedead--nowanysongofmourning,shorterandlessformalthananelegy,andoftenrepresentedasatextmeanttobesungaloud--WilliamShakespeare:FullFathomFive(fromActI,SceneII,TheTempest)96.

Aubade

晨曲

--amorningserenade(F.)--apoemaboutthecomingofdawn,orapieceofmusicmeanttobesungorplayedbyaloveroutdoorslamentingpartingatdaybreak--JohnDonn:TheSunRising

RobertBrowning:PartingatMorning107.Pastoral田園詩

--anartisticcompositiondealingwiththelifeofshepherdsorwithasimple,ruralexistence--usuallyidealizingshepherds’livesinordertocreateanimageofpeacefulanduncorruptedexistence--describingthesimplicity,charmandserenityattributedtocountry--placingkindly,ruralpeopleinnature-centeredactivities--WilliamWordsworth:Michael:APastoralPoem11III.Dramaticpoetry戲劇詩

--anyversewrittenforthestage--usingthediscourseofthecharactersinvolvedtotellastoryorportrayasituation--presentingthevoiceofanimaginarycharacter(orcharacters)speakingdirectly,withoutanyadditionalnarrationbytheauthor--dramaticmonologuebyRobertBrowning:MyLastDuchess

12IV.Othertypesofpoetry1.Descriptivepoetry--devotedtotheportrayofexternalobjectsorscenes--givingexpressiontothepoet’sthoughtsandfeelingsarousedbythevariousscenesandobjectsinthenaturalworld--oftendidactic--WilliamWordsworth:

ComposedUponWestminsterBridge132.Reflectivepoetry--treatingofreflectionsandthoughtsoftheauthor--expressingamerereflection,ormoreseriousthought--expoundinghumanlife,therelationshipsofmanwiththeworldbymeansofvariousmethodsofothertypesofpoetry143.Didacticpoetry--toinstructortopersuade,toteach--AlexanderPope:AnEssayonCriticism154.Satiricalpoetry--exhibitingorexamininghumanorind