必修③ UNIT 3 課下主題訓(xùn)練 科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新科學(xué)精神信息安全

PAGE第5頁(yè)共5頁(yè)必修③UNIT3課下主題訓(xùn)練科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)精神，信息安全Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2021·大連高三檢測(cè))HeZehui,aChinesenuclearphysicist,accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist.Herfamilyisfamousforproducingthreefamouswomenscientists,includinghertwosisters.ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics,andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's“fatheroftheatomicbomb”.In1940,sheearnedaPh.D.inEngineering.Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission(鈾核裂變)，whichdrewglobalattentionandearnedthemworldwidereputations,alsomarkingamilestoneinthedevelopmentofChina'sexperimentalfissionphysics.ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina.”AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina,ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.Duringthe1950s,shestartedtheresearchanddevelopmentofnuclearemulsions(核乳膠)inChinaandtheirresearchreachedtheadvancedworldlevelatthattime.HeandherresearchgrouptooktheleadinbuildingChina'sfirstnuclearreactorandaccelerator.ShewasawardedthefirstAwardoftheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciencesformakingoutstandingachievementsinsupportingthenationalprogramofnuclearweapondevelopment.Throughouthercareer,Heconqueredmanyobstacles,andwasalwaysonthefrontlinesofChina'sscience-relatedwork.Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.Theworld'stopphysicistsrecognizedHeasafamousscientist,“ChineseMadameCurie”．HepassedawayinBeijingin2011attheageof97,nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.Shededicatedherselftoscience,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience;tobothsheisnowanicon.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹了“中國(guó)的居里夫人”何澤慧及其成就。1．Whatisthefocusofparagraph2aboutHeZehui?A．Identitybackground. B．Characterpersonalities.C．Educationexperiences. D．Professioncompetence.解析：選C段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹何澤慧的教育經(jīng)歷。故選C。2．WhatdoweknowaboutQianSanqiang?A．Hediedfollowinghiswifein1991.B．HewontheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciences.C．HeassistedHeZehuitodevelopfissionphysics.D．HeisalsoaremarkableChinesescientist.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“andthenwentonto...China's‘fatheroftheatomicbomb’”和第三段介紹的夫妻倆的成就可知，其丈夫錢三強(qiáng)也是一位偉大的中國(guó)科學(xué)家。故選D。3．WhyisHeZehuiacknowledgedas“TheChineseMarieCurie”？A．Forhergreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.B．Forheraccomplishmentintheatomicbomb.C．Forhercontinuousachievementinnaturalscience.D．Forherresearchofnuclearemulsions.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段、第三段的最后一句和第四段的第一句可知，因何澤慧對(duì)中國(guó)的核物理做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，西方媒體稱其為“中國(guó)的居里夫人”。故選A。4．HowcanwefittinglydescribeHeZehui?A．Ambitious,talented,conservativeanddetermined.B．Unselfish,patriotic,indifferenttofameanddevotedtoscience.C．Aggressive,imaginative,stronginmindandkindinheart.D．Knowledgeable,awesome,creativeandsociable.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Shepublisheddozensof...fame.”和最后一段“Shededicatedherselftoscience...science”可知，何澤慧淡泊名利、愛(ài)國(guó)、樂(lè)于助人，對(duì)中國(guó)的核物理的研究和發(fā)展做出了極大的貢獻(xiàn)，是值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的杰出的核物理學(xué)家。故選B。B(2021·青島高三檢測(cè))Fromservicerobotsinvirtualstandsto5Gapplicationsdisplayedincloudbooths(展臺(tái)),severalinnovationsstoodoutatthe2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinServices(CIFTIS),whichwasheldfromSept.4to9inBeijing.Themed“GlobalServices,SharedProsperity”，theeventhaspresentedmanycutting-edgetechnologies.Let'stakealook.Al-poweredgarbage-sortingrobotItcandetectandsortthegarbageontheconveyorbeltandthenthrowitintodifferentdustbins.Forexample,itwillputplasticbottlesandcontainersintorecyclabledustbins.Withadvancedtechnologiessuchascloudcomputingandrobotautomation,therobotcansortthroughgarbagewithanaccuracyof98percent,whichwillsignificantlyreduceoperatingcostsandimproveefficiency.Bionic(仿生的)machinesharkAdarkgray,life-size“shark”，wasalsodisplayedatCIFTIS.Thisbionicsharkcanmoveforwardbyimitatingtheswingingmotionoffishtails.Ithasamaximumspeedofsixknots(about11kilometersperhour),whichismuchfasterthantheaveragespeedofabouttwoknotsofotherbionicsubmersible(潛水的)vehicles.Itisequippedwithlighting,acamerasystemandimagingsonar(聲吶)，whichcanbeusedforunderwatersearches,seafloormappingandunderwatershooting.Driverfatigue(疲勞)warningsystemAwarningsystemtopreventpeoplefromfallingasleepwhiledrivingwasintroducedatthefair.Itcanjudgewhetherthedriverissleepybymonitoringhowlongthedriver'seyescloseorifhisorherheaddrops.Ifthedriverentersastateoffatigue,thesystemwillimmediatelysoundanalarmuntilthedriver'seyesreopenandheorshestartstoblinkatanormalfrequency.Inthefuture,otherdangerousdrivingbehaviors,suchasnotwearingaseatbeltandmakingphonecallswhiledriving,mightalsobeaddedintothiswarningsystem.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在北京舉行的2020年中國(guó)國(guó)際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會(huì)CIFTIS，活動(dòng)以“全球服務(wù)，互惠共享”為主題，展示了許多尖端技術(shù)。5．Whatcanweknowaboutthe2020CIFTIS?A．Itwasheldonline.B．Itlastedformorethanaweek.C．Ithighlightedadvancedtechnologies.D．Itusedservicerobotstoassistpeople.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，這次展覽會(huì)展示了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。根據(jù)第一段第一句還可以判斷，這次展覽會(huì)，并非“在線舉行”，持續(xù)時(shí)間“不到一周”，只是展覽的技術(shù)中有“服務(wù)機(jī)器人”，可以排除A、B、D項(xiàng)。故選C項(xiàng)。6．WhatisthemainfeatureoftheAl-poweredgarbage-sortingrobot?A．Highaccuracy.B．Easyoperation.C．Saferecyclingprocess.D．Extremelylowoperatingcosts.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Withadvancedtechnologies...efficiency.”可知，人工智能垃圾分類機(jī)器人有高精度的特征。故選A項(xiàng)。7．Howdoesthewarningsystemidentifyfatigueddrivers?A．Byusingabionicmachine.B．Byexaminingthedriverwithimagingsonar.C．Bymonitoringthedriver'sbrainactivity.D．Byanalyzingthedriver'sbodymovements.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知，警報(bào)系統(tǒng)識(shí)別疲勞駕駛的司機(jī)是通過(guò)分析司機(jī)的身體動(dòng)作。故選D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空ThekiteisbelievedtohaveoriginatedinChina.Sinceitsinvention,there__1__(be)manyadaptationstothekiteby__2__(vary)culturesaroundtheworld.AChinesekiteinancienttimeswouldhaveusedsimplematerialssuchaswoodandcloth.Theywereoftenmade__3__(resemble)theshapesofbirds.Today,beautifulandlargedesignscanbeseenflyingaboveparksinChina.TheyoftenresemblerealanimalsandmembersoftheChineseZodiac(生肖).SomekiteshaveLEDlights__4__(attach)toallowfornightflightsandfunlightshows.Kites__5__(invent)intheearlyWarringStatesPeriod(475－221BC)byMoziandLuBan,twophilosophers__6__cameaftertheteachingsofConfucius.ThekiteswerespecifictoChinaformanyyearsbeforetheknowledgeof__7__tomakeandusethemgraduallyadvanced.Theperiodsawmanyattacksfromforeign__8__(power),aswellascivilunrest.Kitesplayedarole__9__providingmilitaryintelligencefortheChineseforces.ThefirstChinesekiteswereusedformeasuringdistances,whichwasusefulinformationformovinglargearmies.Theywerealsousedtocalculateandrecordwindreadingsandprovided__10__uniqueformofcommunicationsimilartoshipflagsatsea.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了風(fēng)箏的起源和發(fā)展背景。1．havebeen考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子成分可知，Sinceitsinvention是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志，因此主句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)合therebe句型的主謂一致原則，助動(dòng)詞根據(jù)manyadaptations使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填havebeen。2．various考查形容詞。分析句子成分可知，cultures是名詞，使用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾限定cultures。故填various。3．toresemble考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，在“make＋賓語(yǔ)”之后，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。而在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，要用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填toresemble。4．a(chǎn)ttached考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子成分可知，LEDlights是名詞，且句中存在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have，因此此處使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，LEDlights與attach之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此使用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填attached。5．wereinvented考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。由WarringStatesPeriod(475－221BC)可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且kites與invent之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。故填wereinvented。6．who/that考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是twophilosophers，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此使用who或者that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故填who或that。7．how考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處表示“如何去制作和使用”，使用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，此處為賓語(yǔ)從句的省略用法。故填how。8．powers考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。分析句子成分可知，foreignpowers是固定搭配，意為“列強(qiáng)”，其中power使用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填powers。9．in考查介詞。分析句子成分可知，playarolein是固定搭配，意為“起作用于……”。故填in。10．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。分析句子成分可知，句意：它們被用來(lái)計(jì)算和記錄風(fēng)的讀數(shù)，并提供了一種獨(dú)特的通信方式，類似于海上的船旗。設(shè)空處泛指“一種”，unique以元音字母開(kāi)頭，但不是以元音音素開(kāi)頭，因此使用不定冠詞a。故填a。Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作假定你是李華，由于受新型冠狀病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的影響，你所在國(guó)際學(xué)校原定下周舉行的生命科學(xué)周將改為網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行。你受學(xué)生會(huì)委托寫(xiě)一則英文通知，內(nèi)容包括：1．變更原因；2.具體活動(dòng)；3.期待參與。注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右：2．請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Notice