必修⑤ Unit 3 課下主題訓(xùn)練 人類生存、社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系

PAGE第8頁(yè)共12頁(yè)必修⑤Unit3課下主題訓(xùn)練人類生存、社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系課時(shí)作業(yè)(一)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤(pán)查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①gene□ ②intention□③rainforest□ ④breakthrough□⑤influence□ ⑥r(nóng)eproduce□⑦radiation□ ⑧hunger□⑨crime□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))damage□?organism□ ?conduct□?profit□ ?harvest□?technology□ ?genetic□?agricultural□ ?legal□?genetics□ ?cell□(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)gene，crime，damage，technology，cell，legal，organism，radiation，conduct，rainforest1．Thereisahotdebateonwhetheritislegaltoputmercykillingintopractice.2．Thedamagetotheenvironmentisgettingserious.3．Weconductedasurveyonshort-sightednessamongthefiftystudentsinourclass.4．Theyworrythatradiationreleasedbycellphonescouldbeharmfultoyoungpeople.5．Inmyopinion,“goldenrice”reflectsthecurrenttrendsinmoderntechnologyandshouldbewelcomed.6．Asweallknow,therainforestisbeingcutdownallovertheworld.7．We'vetraditionallythoughtofintelligenceassomethingmysteriousthatcanonlyexistinbiologicalorganisms,_especiallyhumans,butsuchanideaisunscientific.8．Itisfartooearlytomakesweeping(一概而論的)statementsaboutgenetherapy.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Itisoftenreportedthatwearesufferingmoreandmoredisastersbecauseofthedamaged(damage)environment.2．Howcanyouknowifyou'reeatinggenetically(genetic)modifiedfoodsandfeedingthemtoyourfamily?3．Theatmosphereofthenovelis_reproduced(reproduce)inthemoviesuccessfully.4．Duetomyintention(intend)tomakeabandwithmyfriends,Iamwritingtoaskyouforadviceconcerninghowtomakeasuccessfulone.5．Thegovernmentshouldmakestrictlawstopunishthosepeoplewhohuntandtradeinmarineanimalsillegally(legal)．6．Longago,asadevelopingagricultural(agriculture)country,Chinabadlyreliedonabundantrainfall.Ⅲ.寫(xiě)出下列句中藍(lán)色詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．OurlunarprobeChang'e-4whichlandedonthefarsideofthemoon,isabreakthroughinscience.突破2．Smokingcandoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungs,andevencausecancer.損壞3．Asweallknow,ArtificialIntelligenceisrapidlytransformingourdailylife.改變4．Peopleneedtobuytheirmusicsothatartistswillmakeenoughprofitstocontinuetheirmusiccareers.利潤(rùn)5．ThankstoDrYuan'sgreatresearch,manylessdevelopedcountrieshavegotridofhunger.饑餓6．RecentlyIhaveconductedasurveyamongstudentsinourschoolontheiropinionsaboutourscience.實(shí)施二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解In2006,documentswerepublishedbytheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA).TheysuggestedthatclonedanimalsandclonedanimalproductswouldbeallowedintotheAmericanfoodsupply.TheFDAhasstatedthatclonedanimalproductsaresafeforconsumption,andhasperformedmanystudiestosupportthisview.Infact,productsfromclonedanimalshavealreadybeeneatenbysomeAmericanswithoutilleffects.TheFDAanalyzedthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))andcontentofclonedanimalproductsandcompareditwiththatoftraditionallyreproducedanimals,anddiscoverednostatisticaldifferencebetweenthetwo.Consumersraisedseriousconcernsaboutclonedanimals.Thefirstisthequestionofwhetherornotclonedtissueandanimalproductsaretrulysafe.Thesecondisthatmanyclonesarealsogeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)animals,whichtheFDAhassaidareunsafeforhumanconsumption.Thethirdisthatconsumerswanttobeabletochoosewhattheyputintotheirbodies.Thefirstconcernaboutclonedanimalsisalmostunnecessaryduetothepriceofproducingaclone.Makingacloneneedshardworkandisverycostly.Thesecloneslivespoiledlivesbecausetheyareveryvaluable,despitebiologists'warningthatclonedanimalsdecreasediversity.Thesecondconcern,aboutgeneticmodificationofclonedanimals,ismoreproblematic.Itmaybeverydifficulttoseparategeneticallymodifiedanimalsfromnormalones.Thepurposeofgeneticallymodifiedclonedanimalsisunclear,andtheFDAhasn'tallowedtheirproductsontothemarket,duetohealthconcerns,buttheriskofgeneticpollutionofhealthyanimalsstillexists.Finally,thematterofchoiceisalargeone.Manyanimalrightsactivistsareworriedaboutclonerightsbecauseclonedornot,theanimalsstillhavelives.Otherconsumersaresimplytryingtoeathealthyfoods,andhavedoubtsabouttheclonedanimals.IftheFDAdoesnotmakelabeling(貼標(biāo)簽)laws,peoplemaynotbeabletomakeinformedchoicesabouttheirfood.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了食用克隆動(dòng)物的三個(gè)顧慮。1．WhydidtheFDAallowclonedanimalproductsforconsumption?A．Theyappealtoconsumersverymuch.B．Theydifferfromtraditionalanimalproducts.C．Theytastebetterthannormalanimalproducts.D．Theyhavebeenprovedsafeinseveralaspects.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“TheFDAhasstatedthatclonedanimalproductsaresafe...supportthisview.”可知，克隆動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品在很多方面被證明是安全的，所以FDA允許食用克隆動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品。故選D項(xiàng)。2．Whatdoweknowaboutproducingclonesofanimals?A．Ittakesmuchmoreeffortsandmoney.B．Itprovidessomenewmedicalbenefits.C．Itneedslesstimethanraisinganimals.D．Ithelpsincreasethediversityofanimals.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Makingacloneneedshardworkandisverycostly.”可知，克隆動(dòng)物花費(fèi)了很多的努力和金錢(qián)。故選A項(xiàng)。3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Clonedanimalsshouldbeforbiddentoentermarket.B．Clonedanimalsshouldhavethesamerightsashumans.C．Lawsshouldbemadetoprotectpeople'srighttochoosefood.D．Animalrightsactivistsarestronglyagainstclonedanimalproducts.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容，尤其是“IftheFDAdoesnotmakelabeling(貼標(biāo)簽)laws,peoplemaynotbeabletomakeinformedchoicesabouttheirfood.”可推知，應(yīng)該制定法律來(lái)保護(hù)人們選擇食物的權(quán)利。故選C項(xiàng)。4．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．Doubtsaboutclonedanimals'rights.B．Discussionsabouthowtocloneanimals.C．Concernsaboutanimalcloningtechnology.D．Worriesaboutclonedanimalconsumption.解析：選D主旨大意題。本文開(kāi)頭提出FDA建議允許克隆動(dòng)物和克隆動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入美國(guó)的食品供應(yīng)。第三段提出了食用克隆動(dòng)物的三個(gè)顧慮。第四、五、六段分別詳細(xì)論述了這三個(gè)顧慮。由此可推知，這篇文章主要探討對(duì)食用克隆動(dòng)物的擔(dān)心。故選D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五By2025,watershortagewillbeabigproblemforabout1.8billionpeople.Inaworldwherewaterresourceisincreasinglyshort,nationscannotaffordtowasteit.__1__Afterweusewaterinourhomesandbusinesses,itiswashedaway,andtakesmanyvaluableresourceswithit.Wastewaterisrichincarbonandnutrients.__2__Anumberofnationsandmajorcitieshavealreadybuiltwastewatertreatmentplants.Theycaneffectivelyrecovernutrientsandbioenergy,andproduce“newwater”thatcanbereused.Butmorethan80%ofallwastewaterstillcurrentlyflowsintonaturalecosystems,pollutingtheenvironmentandtakingvaluablenutrientsandotherrecoverablematerialswithit.__3__Thisisstillbetterthanthesituationinsmallercities.InLatinAmericancountries,thoselivinginsmallandmedium-sizedcitiesatmosttreatitintheformofseptictanks(化糞池)thatlackregularandpropermaintenance.Imaginethatoutsideoneofthesesmallcitiesliesalovelypieceofland:onthesurfaceitispleasinglybuiltandprovideshabitatsforlocalwildlife.Beneaththesurfaceisawetlandthattreatswastewaterandproducesenergy.Theenergyproducedsavesfamiliesfromhavingtousefirewoodcollectedinthewild.Thisisnotadreamproject.__4__Ateamofscientistshavebeenlookingintothepotentialofconstructedwetlandenvironments.Havinganalyzed800examplesofbiomassinmorethan20countries,theyfoundthat,dependingonclimateandthetypeofplantusedintheconstructionofthistypeofwetland,upto45hectaresoflandcouldbeirrigatedwithwastewater.__5__A．Butthatisexactlywhatwedo.B．Thiscanprovideeasyaccesstocleanwater.C．Thereisnolongeranygoodreasontowasteanytypeofwater.D．Aconstructedwetlandenvironmentisalreadyinpracticeonasmallscale.E．Thiswouldreducetheneedforfreshwaterforirrigationandenergyforpumping.F．Ifcollectedandtreatedproperly,itcouldprovide“newwater”，fertilizer,andenergy.G．Althoughwastewatersystemsinlargecitiesareeffective,thewholeprocedureusuallycostsmuch.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)前世界水資源短缺的現(xiàn)狀以及有效利用水資源的方法。1．解析：選A上文提到在水資源短缺的大環(huán)境下，很多國(guó)家不能承擔(dān)浪費(fèi)(的后果)，下文提到我們用完水后，就直接把水沖走。根據(jù)上下文可知，A項(xiàng)“但是那正是我們所做的”承上啟下，故選A。2．解析：選F上文提到廢水中富含碳元素和養(yǎng)分，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“如果收集和處理得當(dāng)，它就能提供‘新的水’、肥料和能量”承接上文，并引出下文的廢水處理系統(tǒng)，故選F。3．解析：選G下文講述的是拉丁美洲的中小城市的廢水處理系統(tǒng)缺乏常規(guī)和合適的維護(hù)，G項(xiàng)提到大城市的廢水處理系統(tǒng)有效但成本高，與本段內(nèi)容吻合，故選G。4．解析：選D上文提到在這些小城市建造濕地環(huán)境的設(shè)想，下文提到已經(jīng)有科學(xué)家在研究建造的濕地環(huán)境的潛力了，由此可知，D項(xiàng)“建造的濕地環(huán)境已經(jīng)在小范圍的實(shí)踐中了”符合語(yǔ)境。5．解析：選E上文講述的是這種解決方案的另一種好處是人們可以用廢水灌溉農(nóng)田，E項(xiàng)“這可以減少用淡水灌溉的需求及抽水所需的能量”承接上文，故選E。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Fromthefirstdayheenteredmyclassroom,WillardP.Frankexistedinhisownworld,shuttingouthisclassmatesandme.Myattemptsatbuildingafriendlyrelationshipwithhimweremetwithcompleteindifference.Icouldseethathisclassmatesfarednobetter.Willardwasstrictlyalonerwhoseemedtohavenodesireorneedtobreakhissilence.ShortlyaftertheThanksgivingholiday,wereceivedwordoftheannualChristmascollectionofmoneyforthelessfortunatepeopleinourschooldistrict.“Christmasisaseasonofgiving，”Itoldmystudents.“Thereareafewstudentsintheschoolwhomightnothaveahappyholidayseason.BycontributingtoourChristmascollection,youwillhelpbuyfood,clothingandtoysfortheseneedypeople.Wewillstartthecollectiontomorrow.”WhenIcalledforthecontributionsthenextday,IdiscoveredthatalmosteveryonehadforgottenexceptforWillardP.Frank.Theboydugdeepintohispantspocketsashewalkedslowlytomydesk.Carefully,hedroppedtwoquartersintothesmallcontainer.“Idon'tneedmilkforlunch，”hemumbled.Foramoment,justamoment,hesmiled.Thenheturnedandwalkedbacktohisdesk.Thatnight,afterschool,Itookourfewcontributionstotheschoolprincipal.Icouldn'thelpsharingtheincidentthathadtakenplace.“Imaybewrong,butIbelieveWillardmightbegettingreadytobecomeapartoftheworldaroundhim，”Itoldtheprincipal.“Yes，”henodded.“Andwemightdowelltohavehimshareabitofhisworldwithus.IjustreceivedalistofthepoorfamiliesinourschoolwhomostneedhelpthroughtheChristmascollection.Here,takealookatit.”AsIgazeddowntoread,IdiscoveredWillardP.Frankandhisfamilywerethetopnamesonthelist.Seeingthis,Idecidedtodosomethingforhim.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。OnthatSunday,IpaidavisittoWillard'sfamily.Thenextday,IhadaspecialclassforWillard.參考范文：OnthatSunday,IpaidavisittoWillard'sfamily.Onenteringhishouse,Iwassurprisedtofindabarelyemptyroomwithabrokenbedandadirtysofa.Willardtoldmehismotherdiedandthathisfatherwasmissing,leavinghimtolivewithasickgrandma.Whenaskedwhyhehadgiventhetwoquarters,Willardmumbled,“Ijustwanttohelpothersbycontributingmymilkmoney.”Icouldn'thelpburstingintotears,thinkingIshouldhelphimbreakhissilence.Thenextday,IhadaspecialclassforWillard.Isharedhisstorywiththewholeclassandsaid,“Now,onbehalfofthepeopleinneed,IshouldsaythankstoWillard,youaregreat！”Afterasilence,allthestudentsclapped,saying“Willard,youaregreat！”andtheywalkedtohimandhuggedhimtightly.AfriendlyrelationshipwasbuiltandWillard'ssilencewasbrokenbyasmileonhisface.課時(shí)作業(yè)(二)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤(pán)查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①disaster□ ②survival□③evolution□ ④mankind□⑤original□ ⑥development□⑦scientific□ ⑧transplant□⑨change□ eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))species□?beneficial□ ?issue□?extinction□ ?disease□?cure□ ?progress□?organ□ ?ethics□?lifespan□ ?disadvantage□(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)issue，organ，ethics，progress，species，disease，transplant，mankind，evolution，disadvantage1．Iamfullyconvincedthatyoucanovercomeyourbadmoodandmakegreaterprogressnexttime.2．Nowadays,agreatmanywildanimalshavebeenontheendangeredspecieslist.3．WhatIhavelearntfrommytravelisthatmankindneedspeaceratherthanwar.4．Environmentalprotectionhasbecomeanurgentissueforhumanbeings.5．Despitetheadvantagesofe-reading,therearealsosomedisadvantages.6．Humancloninggoesagainstthelawsofnatureandethics.7．Environmentplaysanimportantroleontheevolutionofcreatures.8．Stayawayfrombadlifehabits,suchassmokinganddrinking,whichseverelydamagethebodyorgans.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Withthedevelopment(develop)ofmedicine,ontheaverage,apersonwilllivetotheageofabout120.2．Medicalcloningisanewscientific(science)technology,andweareworriedabouttheefficiencyofit.3．Eatingmainlyplant-basedfoodsandoccasionallyhavingmeatcanbebeneficial(benefit)totheenvironment.4．TuYouyousucceededindevelopingartemisinintocurethosepatientsofmalariaacrosstheglobe.5．Someofusthinkthatitisbettertoreadthebookintheoriginal(origin)thantoseethefilm.6．Heowedhissurvival(survive)tohisdevoteddogandcaringneighbor.Ⅲ.用本單元詞匯替換/升級(jí)句中藍(lán)色詞匯1．Cloninghasbeenseenasgreatprogressinthedevelopmentofscience.breakthrough2．Itisbelievedthatthetechnologyhaschangedtheoriginalgenearrangements.transformed3．Somefearthatitcanbringusagreatdisaster,whichmightdestroythesociety.catastrophe二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Scientistsareattemptingtoextract(提取)cellsfroma40,000-year-oldhorseinhopesofusingthesampletoclonetheextinct(滅絕的)speciesbackintoexistence.Themalebabyhorsewasdiscoveredin2018inpermafrost(永凍土)innortheasternSiberiaofRussia.AteamofscientistsfromSouthKoreaandRussiabelievestheyounghorse,calledtheLenskayaorLenahorse,wasabout20daysoldwhenitdied.Thespeciesofhorse,nowextinct,isbetween30,000and40,000yearsold.Thankstotheterriblecoldness,theanimal'stissuewaspreservedenoughforthescientiststoobtainsamples.SemyonGrigoriev,headofthelabattheMammoth(猛犸象)MuseumoftheNorth-EasternFederalUniversityinYakutsk,saidthehorsewas“well-preserved”anda“greatfind”.Thereisnodamagetothehorse'sbodyandevenitshairisundamaged.Theunfortunateanimal,accordingtoGngo-riev,“couldhavedrownedafterfallingintosomekindofanaturaltrap.”HwangWoo-suk,aresearcherfromSouthKoreaworkingontheproject,said,“Ifresearchersfindacell,theywilldotheirbesttoclonetheanimal.Ifwegetlivecellsfromthisancientbabyhorse,itwouldbewonderfulintermsofcloning.”Afterthat,theywillmakeaclonedembryo(胚胎)andafemalehorsecarryitasitsmother.Hwangsaidmodern-dayhorsesare“verysimilartotheancientone，”sotherewouldbenoproblemgettinghelpfromamodern-dayfemalehorse.Thescientistsarehopingtheexperimentonthebabyhorsewillgivethemexperienceinprogressingtowardtheirambitiousgoal-bringingbacktheextinctwoollymammoth.“Ifwemanagetoclonethehorse—itwillbethefirststeptocloningthemammoth.”Hwangsaid.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?？茖W(xué)家們正試圖從一匹4萬(wàn)年前的小馬駒身上提取細(xì)胞，希望利用這些樣本將這個(gè)已滅亡的物種克隆回來(lái)?？茖W(xué)家們希望在這匹小馬駒身上進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)芙o他們帶來(lái)經(jīng)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)其宏偉目標(biāo)——讓滅絕的猛犸象回歸。1．WhywastheLenskayahorsekeptingoodcondition?A．Thetemperatureswereextremelylow.B．Itwasburiedundertheground.C．Alocalmuseumhadpreservedit.D．Itdiedquiteyoung.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thankstotheterriblecoldness,theanimal'stissuewaspreservedenoughforthescientiststoobtainsamples.”可知，由于極度寒冷，動(dòng)物的組織被保存了下來(lái)，科學(xué)家們得以采集樣本。故選A。2．Whatdoweknowaboutthebabyhorse?A．Itwasafemalehorse.B．Itmighthavediedbyaccident.C．Itshairwaspartlydestroyed.D．Itstissuecanhardlybefound.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theunfortunateanimal,accordingtoGngo-riev，‘couldhavedrownedafterfallingintosomekindofanaturaltrap.’”可知，這匹小馬可能是意外死亡的。故選B。3．Whatmusttheresearchersdobeforecloningtheextincthorse?A．Knowmoreaboutextinctancienthorses.B．Makeanembryoinafemalehorse.C．Findanidealmodern-dayfemalehorse.D．Getlivecellsfromthebabyhorse.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ifwegetlivecellsfromthisancientbabyhorse,itwouldbewonderfulintermsofcloning.”可知，研究人員在克隆這種滅絕的馬之前，必須從幼馬身上獲取活細(xì)胞。故選D。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AnewhorsespeciesfoundinSiberiaB．Howtopreserveancientanimals'tissuesC．ScientistsattempttocloneextincthorseD．Howtoextractcellsfromextinctspecies解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要講述科學(xué)家在西伯利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具保存完好的遠(yuǎn)古幼馬遺體，并試圖通過(guò)它的細(xì)胞克隆出這種已經(jīng)滅絕的動(dòng)物。故C項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家試圖克隆已滅絕的馬”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。Ⅱ.完形填空Ilogontoacomputeratthedoctor'sofficetosayIhavearrivedandthenwaituntilavoicecallsmeintotheexaminationroom.There,aroboticnursedirectsmeontothescalesandthentakesmybloodpressure.Sometimelater,instepsthe__1__，whoisalsoarobot.Henotesdownmysymptomsandgivesmeaprescription.Ipayformy__2__，usingacreditcardandreturnhomewithouthavingmetanotherhumanbeing.Thisismynightmarishvisionofthe__3__，whichhasn'thappenedatleastyet.IshouldsayIreallydolikemanyaspectsof__4__.Iamabigfanofairconditioninginsummerandheatersin__5__.ButIamwritingthisbecauseIdon'twantmachinesto__6__.WhenIcallmydentist'sofficeandactuallygetahumanbeingontheline,Iam__7__.AndwhenIseetheintroductionofyetmoreself-servicecheckoutstationsatthegrocerystore,Ifeellike__8__，“Whenitcomestocashiers,makeminea(n)__9__，please！”Afterall,humancashierssometimes__10__youastorecoupon(優(yōu)惠券)foritemsyouare__11__.Evenmorethanthat,real-lifecashiersoftentakeaninterestinparticularlycutechildren,whichcan__12__youngmothers'day.Acashiermayalsoshowcompassionforanelderlypersonstrugglingtogetthatlastpennyoutofhispurse.Machinescanbe__13__andcost-effectiveandtheyoftengetthejobdonejustfine.__14__theylackanelementsoimportanttoeverydaylif