斷路器中英文對照外文翻譯文獻

PAGE1中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(文檔含英文原文和中文翻譯)外文文獻：CircuitBreaksWithinafewyearsoftheintroductionofthefuse，thegrowingelectricalindustrystartedlookingforanalternativemethodofprovidingprotectionforelectriccircuits．Theywantedadevicethatwouldnotbedestroyedbyitsoperation，thatcouldsimplyberesettorestorepower,andthatcouldalsobeusedasameansofswitchingforthecircuit．Outofthisdevelopmentworkcamethecircuitbreaker．whichisanelectromechanicaldevice．Thecircuitbreakerisdefinedasadevicedesignedtoopenandcloseacircuitbynon-automaticmeansandtoopenthecircuitautomaticallyonapredeterminedover-currentwithoutinjuretoitselfwhenproperlyappliedwithinitsrating.Aswithotherequipment，circuitbreakersaredividedintothoseratedfor1000voltsandlessandthoseratedformorethan1000volts．Low-voltagecircuitbreakerswerealsodividedintotwodistinctcategories，molded-caseandpowertypes．However，inthepastfewyearsthedistinctionbetweenthesetwotypeshasbecomelessclea-cutasanewtypeofencasedbreakerareuniversallyoperatedinair,soitisnotnecessarytodesignatethemasaircircuitbreakersasthisunderstood．Mediumandhigh—voltagebreakers，ontheotherhand，usemediumsotherthanairinwhichtoopenthecircuitandthereforemustbedesignatedasbeingair,gas，andsoon．Apartfromhavingdifferentvoltageandcontinuouscurrentratings．breakershavewidelydifferentinterruptingratings，responsecharacteristics，andmethodsofoperation．Theproperapplicationofcircuitbreakersrequiresagoodknowledgeofallthecharacteristicsandoptionsavailableforeachtype．Thesimplestcircuit—openingdeviceisthemanuallyoperatedknifeswitch．Thisswitchhasthebasicpartsrequiredofanycircuit—openingdevice：afixedcontact,amoving，anoperatinghandle，andabase—plateorflame．Howeverasanyonewhohasopenedaknifeswitchunderloadhaswitnessed，thereisaluminousdischargedrawnbetweentheseparatingcontactsoftheswitch．Thisdischargeiscalledanarc，anditconsistsofastreamofpositiveandnegativeions.Thecurrentflowinginacircuitcannotbeinstantaneouslyinterrupted．Asaresult，thearccontinuesuntiltheswitchcontactshaveseparatedfarenoughtofinallyextinguishthearc．Thearccanmaketheopeningoftheswitchveryunsafeandunreliablewheninterruptingacircuitbreakermustprovideasaferandmorereliableinterruptingaction.Thefollowingarethemeansbywitchlow—voltagecircuitbreakerscanbemadetosafelyinterruptlargefaultcurrentswithaminimumofcontactdamage．1．Fastspeedofoperation．Thedurationandseverityofanarcdependsinpartonthespeedwithwitchthecontactscanbeseparated，thereforepowerfulspringareusedtorapidlyforcethecontactsopen．Thesespringsarecompressed(charged)duringtheclosingoperation．Thebreakercontactsarethenmechanicallyheldclosedandarereleasedbyaseparatetripmechanism．Anoperatorcaninitiatetheopeningofthebreakerbuthasnocontroloverthespeedwithwhichthecontactsseparate．2．Useofarcingcontacts．Thearcburncancausepitting，whicheventuallyaffectstheabilityofthecontactstocarrytheloadcurrentwhenclosed．Tooffsetthis,twoparallelsetsofcontactsareusedforeachpoleofthebreaker，amaincurrentcarryingsetandanauxiliaryorarcingset．Whenthebreakeristrippedopen,themaincontactsseparatefirst，transferringthecurrentflowtothearcingcontacts．Thearcingcontactsthenseparateasplitsecondlate，drawingthearcbetweenthemandleavingthemaincontactsfreeofanyarcing．Thisallowsthesurfacesofthemaincurrentcarryingcontactstobemadeofhigh—conductivitymetalsuchassilver，thesurfacesofthearcingcontactsarethenmadeofatougheralloybetterabletowithstandtheeffectsofarcing．3．UseofarcchutesParallelplatesenclosedintheformofachutearemounteddirectlyabovethearcingcontacts．Asthearcingcontactsseparate,theresultingarecreatesastrongmagneticfieldthatforcesthearcupwardintotheplates．Thearcstreamisthenbrokenintoaseriesofsmallarcs，whicharequicklycooled，deionized，andextinguished．Theionizedgasescreatedbythearestreammustbedeionizedbeforetheyareexpelledfromthearcchute；otherwise，secondaryarcingcouldoccurbetweenthelinesideterminalsofthebreaker,whicharestillenergized．中文譯文：斷路器在引入保險絲的這幾年，電氣行業(yè)開始尋找一種保護電路的替代方法。它們想要一個不會被自身操作毀壞的器件，這種器件可以簡單的被重置恢復供電，并且也可以作為一種開關電路的方法。伴隨著這種發(fā)展，斷路器應運而生了。斷路器是一種機電設備。按定義為按設計非自動通、斷電路，當按其額定值正確應用時，它能夠在預設的一個過電流的情況下自動斷開電路。像其它設備一樣，斷路器分為1000伏及以下和超過1000伏的幾個電壓等級。低壓斷路器也可分為兩種不同的類型，模塑外殼式和框架式。然而，在過去的幾年里，伴隨著一種新型的斷路器的普遍使用，這兩種類型之間的區(qū)別已經(jīng)變得不那么明顯了，因此沒有必要去以現(xiàn)有的定義去指定他們?yōu)榭諝鈹嗦菲?。另一方面，中、高壓斷路器，使用非空氣的媒介打開電路，因此必須被指定為空氣、煤氣等等。除了有不同的電壓和額定連續(xù)電流外，斷路器具有多種不同的開斷電流，響應特性和操作方法。斷路器的正確應用程序需要掌握每個類型的所有特性和內(nèi)容。最簡單的電路開啟裝置是手動操作的刀閘開關，這個開關有任何電路所需的基本組成部分：一個固定機構(gòu)，一個可動機構(gòu)，一個操作手柄和一個基板—木制的或瓷質(zhì)的。不過，當有人在帶負荷情況下斷開刀閘，就會看到在兩個開關觸點之間有發(fā)光放電現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生。這被稱為電弧放電，它由正離子和負離子流組成。電路中的電流流動不能被瞬間切斷。因此，電弧繼續(xù)直到開關觸點已經(jīng)分開足夠距離，最后電弧熄滅。當斷開時電弧使觸電的斷開很不安全和不穩(wěn)定，一個斷路器必須提供一個更加安全可靠的斷開動作。下面是一個低壓斷路器可以被用作以最小的觸電損失去安全的斷開大的故障電流的方法：1.快速操作。電弧的持續(xù)時間和嚴重程度取決于觸電部分分開的速度，因此強有力的彈簧被用在快速斷開觸點上。在合閘過程中這些彈簧被壓縮（儲能）。然后斷路器觸點機械支持關閉并且被一個單程機構(gòu)釋放。操作員可以控制斷路器的通斷但是無法控制觸點分離的速度。2.電弧接觸機構(gòu)的使用。電弧燒傷可引起點蝕，這最終將影響當關閉時觸點接觸負載電流的能力。為了彌補這一點，兩個平行的接觸套用于每個斷路器的極，一個主要的載流