牛津譯林版（新）八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit Online tours

八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語教學(xué)課件系列Grammar

Unit3OnlinetoursSimplepasttenseandpresentperfecttense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般疑問句：have/has…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成have/has+v

過去分詞助動(dòng)詞否定haven’thasn’t疑問Haveyou…?Hashe…?常與下列時(shí)間狀語連用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，一般過去時(shí)只限于表示過去的動(dòng)作本身，與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)在意義上的區(qū)別舉例如下：

Ihavecleanedmyroom.（Myroomiscleannow.）

我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。

Icleanedmyroomlastweek.（Ididitinthepast.）

我上周打掃了我的房間。

Fatherhas

gone

toAmoy.（HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow.）爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。

Theyhave

boughtadictionary.（Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.）

他們買了一本字典。注意:

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語（如:yesterday,last,year,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenshecamein等）連用，但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語（如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等）連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語（如：today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等）連用。2．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”這一概念,有時(shí)兩者可以互相代用,但前者多用于口語。在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行,即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí),則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)行時(shí)。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用（如：in1990，lastSunday等）。

一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：have/has+V過去分詞Ihavewaitedforhimformanytimes.我等他等了好幾次了。Ihave

been

waiting

forhimforanhour.我等他等了一小時(shí)。Hehas

drunksixcupsofcoffee.

他喝了六杯咖啡。Hehas

been

drinkingcoffee.他一直在喝咖啡。Therearesomedifferencesbetweenthesimplepasttenseandthepresentperfecttense. ?Weusethesimplepasttensetotellwhathappenedinthepast.DanielwenttoBeijingtwoyearsago.

SimplepasttenseandpresentperfecttenseWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.DanielhaslivedinBeijingfortwoyears.Weusethesimplepasttensetotellwhathappenedinthepast.Danielboughtanewcomputerlastmonth.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouttheresultofanaction.Whentheactionhappenedisnotveryimportant.Itmayhave

justhappenedorhappenedsometimeago.Danielhasboughtanewcomputer.（Danielhasanewcomputernow.）MrWuvisitedCanadain2010and2011.Weusethesimplepasttensetotellwhathappenedinthepast.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotellhowmanytimesanactionhhappenedtillnow.MrWuhasbeentoCanadatwice.Weoftenusethesetimeexpressionswiththepresentperfecttense.alreadyeverjustrecently（not）yetSofaruptonowuntil/tillnowTip2Weoftenusethesetimeexpressionswiththesimplepasttense.yesterdaytheotherdaylast……agoTip1ASimonisshowingMilliesomepictures.Completehissentenceswiththecorrect

formsofthewordsinbrackets.DifferencesbetweenthetwoI________（visit）thePalaceMuseumwithmygrandparentstheotherday.visited2．I_________（climb）MountHuanglastSummer.climbed3．______youever_______（try）thefamousTianjinBaozi?Havetried4．IamhappythatI____________（learn）toswim.havelearntBMrWuisaskingthestudentstomakesentenceswiththecorrecttenses.Helpthemcompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.1．I__________________ （finish/just）myhomework. Millie_________（finish）herhomework20minutesago.havejustfinishedfinished4．I_________（live）inSunshineTownsinceIwasborn.Daniel______（live）inNanjingin2007.2．I______（write）anemailtomyfriendyesterday.Daniel__________________（write/already）twoemails.3．I_____（be）inHainanlastmonth.Someofourclassmates_____________ （notbe）toHainanyet.wrotehasalreadywrittenwashasnotbeenhavelivedlivedMillie:__________________ （you/be/ever）toNanjing?Simon:Yes.I（2）_________（be）therethreetimes.Millie:When（3）___________（you/go）therelast?CMilliehasneverbeentoNanjing.SheisaskingSimonaboutthecity.Completetheirconversationwiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.HaveyoueverbeenhavebeendidyougoSimon:Lastsummer.I（4）_______（spend）aweekthere.Millie:（5）___________（you/like）it?Simon:Ohyes.I（6）______（have）agreattimethere.I（7）________（visit）manyplacesofinterestand（8）____（eat）lotsoflocalfood.Millie:Luckyyou!I（9）_______________（be/never）there.spentDidyoulikehadvisitedatehaveneverbeenSaturday,15MarchHaveyoueverdreamtoftravellingaroundtheworldwithoutapassport?Yes,youcanrealizeyourdreambytakinganonlinetour.YesterdayDaniel________meanonlineDMillieiswritingabouttheUSAinherdiary.Completeherdiaryentrywiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.be buyreadreturn see showshowedtouroftheUSA.I（2）_______never______somanywonderfulpicturesbefore.Lastweek,I（3）________abookabouttheplacesofinterestintheUSA.I（4）__________20pagesalready.Itsreallyinteresting.Mydad（5）____just________fromtheUSA,butI（6）______never

_____there.IhopeIcanvisittheUSAsomeday.haveseenboughthavereadhasreturnedhave一、改寫句子。1．Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow.Myfather______just______________thebookshop.2．HebegantolearnChinesein2001.He____________Chinesesince2001.3．Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_________________sincetwominutesago.4．Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears.It’stwoyears______he________themotorbike.He________themotorbiketwoyears______.Twoyears____________sincehe______themotorbike.hasreturnedfromhaslearnedhasbeenon

sinceboughtboughtagohaspassedboughtExercise1．I________heardofthatstorybefore.A.don’thaveB.nothaveC.havenotD.nottohave2．She’sneverbeentothatfactory,_________?A.isshe

B.wassheC.doessheD.hasshe3．Haveyoumadedumplings__________?No,Ihaven’t.A.justnowB.yesterdayC.agoD.before4．Tom________illsincelastnight.A.wasB.isC.hasbeenD.be5．Howlonghaveyou_________Nanjing?A.gonetoB.beentoC.beeninD.wenttoCDDCC二、單選6．HowmanytimeshasJim_______thatpark?Twice.A.go