《暢學(xué)英語閱讀教程2》 課件 Unit 8 Life and Success

LifeandSuccessUnit8ENJOYINGENGLISHREADINGBookTwo2cussionUnit8LifeandSuccess1TextA

Warming-upNewWords2TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionWarming-upNewWordsWarming-upNewWordsGroupDiscussionQuotesReadingthroughWarmingupNewWordsTextAAppreciationofMusicTextA1《真心英雄》2“WhenYouBelieve”Question:

Istherea“successpersonality”？WarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Howwouldyoudescribeyourcharacter?competitive

helpful

curioushavestrongself-confidencehaveteamspiritTextAWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatkindoflifedoyouthinkisasuccessfullife?greatwealth

ahighpositiongoodhealth

truefriendshipanicefamilyTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAcommissiongrueling

efficientknowledgeablepersistentpenetratingscrupulouslyaccuratenightmareincredibly

prevention

revolutionary

crankygrimlyallybarracks

filthy outrightopponenthalveremedyspeciicationTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAattheexpenseof以……為代價(jià)siton當(dāng)委員；擔(dān)任職務(wù)ratherthan而不是deathrate死亡率dragone’sfeet故意拖沓或怠工comethrough(信息、消息等)收到，傳來fromtoptotoe從頭到腳；全部TextANewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.commission[k??m???n]n.委員會；調(diào)查團(tuán)；考察團(tuán)e.g.Thecommissionisregulatingcompetition.委員會正在規(guī)范競爭。2.grueling['gr??l??]adj.非常累人的；折磨人的gruel的ing形式3.efficient[??f???nt]adj.有效率的

e.g.Thisisahighlyefficientnewheatingsystem.這是個高效的新取暖系統(tǒng)。4.knowledgeable[?n?l?d??bl]adj.有豐富知識的

e.g.Sheisveryknowledgeableaboutplants.她對植物很在行。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA5.persistent[p??s?st?nt]adj.堅(jiān)持的；執(zhí)意的6.penetrating[?pen?tre?t??]adj.思維敏銳的e.g.penetratingblueeyes銳利的藍(lán)眼睛7.scrupulously['skru:pj?l?sl?]adv.極仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地；一絲不茍地;小心翼翼地8.accurate[??kj?r?t]adj.(測量、計(jì)算、記錄等)精確的，無差錯的

e.g.anaccuratedescription/account/calculation

準(zhǔn)確的描述/敘述/計(jì)算9.nightmare[?na?tme?(r)]n.可怕或不愉快的經(jīng)歷

e.g.

Thetripturnedintoanightmarewhentheybothgotsick.這次旅行成了一場噩夢，他們倆都病了。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA10.incredibly[?n?kred?bli]adv.極端地；非常地

e.g.Incredibly,shehadnoideawhatwasgoingon.令人難以置信的是，她當(dāng)時對發(fā)生的事一無所知。11.prevention[pr??ven?n]n.預(yù)防

e.g.thepreventionofdisease疾病的預(yù)防12.revolutionary[?rev??lu???n?ri]adj.革命性的；創(chuàng)新的13.cranky[?kr??ki]adj.奇怪的

e.g.crankyideas/schemes

離奇古怪的想法/計(jì)劃14.grimly[ɡr?ml?]adv.令人沮喪地15.ally[??la?,??la?]n.盟友；支持者16.barracks[?b?r?ks]n.兵營；營房NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA17.filthy[?f?lθi]adj.骯臟的

e.g.filthylanguage/words下流的語言/言辭18.outright[?a?tra?t]adj.完全的；徹底的

e.g.Shewastheoutrightwinner.她是絕對的優(yōu)勝者。19.opponent[??p??n?nt]n.反對者20.halve[hɑ:v]vt.把(某物)減半

e.g.Thecompanyishalvingitsprices.該公司正將產(chǎn)品半價(jià)出售。21.remedy[?rem?di]vt.糾正；補(bǔ)救

e.g.Thereisnosimpleremedyforunemployment.失業(yè)問題沒有簡單的解決辦法。22.specification[?spes?f??ke??n]n.(usu.pl.)規(guī)格說明NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.attheexpenseof以……為代價(jià)

e.g.Thedealersprofitedshamefullyattheexpenseofmyfamily.這些經(jīng)銷商通過損害我家人的利益不光彩地賺錢。2.siton當(dāng)委員；擔(dān)任職務(wù)

e.g.Hewasaskedtositonnumerouscommittees.他受邀擔(dān)任過許多委員會的委員。3.ratherthan而不是

e.g.It'sagoodjobithappenedhereratherthanontheopenroad.慶幸的是事故發(fā)生在這里而不是在公路上。4.deathrate死亡率

e.g.Deathratesfromheartdiseasehaverisenconsiderablyinrecentyears.近年來心臟病的死亡率大大上升了。

NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA。5.dragone’sfeet故意拖沓或怠工

e.g.Comeon,stopdraggingyourfeet!We'vegotloadstodotoday.快，別再磨蹭了！我們今天有很多事要干。6.comethrough(信息、消息等)收到，傳來

e.g.Amessageisjustcomingthrough.剛有消息傳來。7.fromtoptotoe從頭到腳；全部

e.g.Thegirlwasdressedinbrownfromtoptotoe.那女孩從頭到腳穿著一身棕色的衣服。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAReadthetextquicklyandcompletethetask:analysethestructure.StructureMainidea:

Nightingalewasarguingforpreventionratherthancure.Thoughshedidnotwinanoutrightvictoryagainstheropponents,butmanychangescamethrough.Mainidea:

Nightingaleappliedherknowledgetocivilianhospitalsandtoday’shospitalswiththeirflowersandbright,cleanandcheerfulwardsareadirectresultofherwork.Mainidea:FlorenceNightingalebecameamemberofCommissiontostudythewholequestionofthearmymedicalservice.PartII:Para.2-8PartIII:Para.9-12PartI:Para.1TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAForBloominginWards—Nightingale1InMay1857,aCommissiontostudythewholequestionofthearmymedicalservicebegantosit.Thepricewashigh.FlorenceNightingalewasdoingthisgruelingworkbecauseitwasvital,notbecauseshehadchosenit.Shehadchanged.Nowshewasmorebrilliantinargumentthanever,moreefficient,moreknowledgeable,morepersistentandpenetratinginherreasoning,scrupulouslyjust,mathematicallyaccurate—shewaspushingherselftotheverylimitsofhercapacityattheexpenseofalljoy.

1857年5月，一個研究軍隊(duì)醫(yī)務(wù)全項(xiàng)問題的委員會成立了。為此付出的代價(jià)是巨大的。這項(xiàng)辛勞的工作交給了弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾，并不是因?yàn)樗鲃诱埨t，而是這任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。她開始變了。變得比以往更能言善辯，更注重實(shí)效，更有見地，在論理上也更加堅(jiān)定和深刻。她作風(fēng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，精益求精——這所有一切是她用犧牲所有的娛樂換來的。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA2Thatsummerof1857wasanightmareforFlorence—notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission,butshewaswritingherownreportaboutherexperiences.

1857年的夏天對弗洛倫斯來說是一場夢魘——她不僅要夜以繼日地說服參與委員會工作的政客們，還要就她的個人經(jīng)歷撰寫述職報(bào)告。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA3IttookFlorenceonlysixmonthstocompleteherown1,000confidentialreport:NotesonMattersAffectingtheHealth,EfficiencyandHospitalAdministrationoftheBritishArmy.Itwasanincrediblyclear,deeply-consideredvolume.

弗洛倫斯只用了六個月的時間就獨(dú)自完成了長達(dá)一千頁的《關(guān)于英國軍隊(duì)保健、效率和醫(yī)院管理事項(xiàng)的紀(jì)要》的機(jī)密報(bào)告。其闡述之清晰，考慮之深入令人難以置信。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾的基本主張是防患于未然。這在當(dāng)時是標(biāo)新立異的，許多政客和軍醫(yī)都覺得這過于出格同時又是稀奇古怪的。他們頑固地反對弗洛倫斯和她的支持者們。4FlorenceNightingalewasbasicallyarguingforpreventionratherthancure.Itwasanewideathenandmanypoliticiansandarmymedicalmenfeltitwasrevolutionaryandpositivelycranky.TheygrimlyopposedFlorenceandherallies.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA5Shewasforcedtoprovethatthesoldiersweredyingbecauseoftheirbasiclivingconditions.Shehadinspecteddozensofhospitalsandbarracksandnowexposedthemasdamp,filthyandunventilated,withdirtydrainsandinfectedwatersupplies.Sheshowedthatthesoldiers’dietwaspoor.Shecollectedstatisticswhichprovedthatthedeathrateforyoungsoldiersinpeacetimewasdoublethatofthenormalpopulation.

她不得不盡力去證實(shí)士兵們的基本生活條件是造成他們死亡的原因。她調(diào)查了幾十家醫(yī)院和兵營從而發(fā)現(xiàn)這些地方潮濕、污穢而且通風(fēng)不暢，排水管污濁并且供水系統(tǒng)受到污染。她指出病號飯欠佳。她根據(jù)收集的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)證明在和平時期年輕士兵的死亡率是普通人的兩倍。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

她證實(shí)了盡管軍隊(duì)只招募最健康的年輕人，但每年仍有1500人死于疏忽大意、缺乏營養(yǎng)的食物和疾病。她大聲疾呼道“我們的士兵在軍營里被死亡招募而去”，這成為她的支持者們的斗爭呼聲。6Sheshowedthat,thoughthearmytookonlythefittestyoungmen,everyyear1,500werekilledbyneglect,poorfoodanddisease.Shedeclared,“Oursoldiersenlisttodeathinthebarracks.”andthisbecamethebattlecryofhersupporters.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA7Thepublic,too,wasonherside.Themoretheanti-reformersdraggedtheirfeet,thegreaterthereformpressurebecame.

公眾們也站在了她的一邊。反對改革的保守派越是拖后腿，改革的壓力就越大。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA8Florencedidnotwinanoutrightvictoryagainstheropponents,butmanychangescamethrough.Soonsomebarrackswererebuiltandwithinthreeyearsthedeathratewouldhalve.

盡管弗洛倫斯沒有取得對反對派的徹底勝利，但確已出現(xiàn)了許多變化。有些兵營被改建，三年內(nèi)死亡率從預(yù)計(jì)的減少一半。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA9TheintenseworkontheCommissionwasover,butFlorencewastocontinuestudying,planningandpressingforarmymedicalreformforthenext30years.

至此委員會的緊張工作告一段落，但弗洛倫斯仍要繼續(xù)研究，計(jì)劃及督促今后三十年的軍隊(duì)醫(yī)療改革。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA10Peoplenowbegantodemandthatsheapplyherknowledgetocivilianhospitals,whichshefoundtobe“justasbadorworse”thanmilitaryhospitals.In1859shepublishedabookcalledNotesonHospitals.Itshowedtheworldwhypeoplefearedtobetakenintohospitalsandhowmatterscouldberemedied.

人們現(xiàn)在開始希望她能將自己的學(xué)識用在民用醫(yī)院方面，這些醫(yī)院的情況在她看來和軍隊(duì)醫(yī)院“一樣糟，甚至更糟”。1859年她出了一本叫做《醫(yī)院紀(jì)要》的書。該書向全世界揭示了人們害怕去醫(yī)院的原因以及如何改良。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA11Florencesoonbecameanexpertonthebuildingofhospitalsandallovertheworldhospitalswereestablishedaccordingtoherspecifications.ShewrotehundredsandhundredsoflettersfromhersofainLondoninquiringaboutsinksandsaucepans,locksandlaundryrooms.Nodetailwastoosmallforherconsideredattention.Sheworkedoutideasforthemostefficientwaytodistributecleanlinen,thebestmethodofkeepingfoodhot,andthecorrectnumberofinchesbetweenbeds.Sheintendedtochangetheadministrationofhospitalsfromtoptotoe.Livesdependedupondetail.

弗洛倫斯不久就成了醫(yī)院設(shè)施方面的專家，全世界的醫(yī)院都以她制定的細(xì)則進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。她坐在倫敦家里的沙發(fā)上，寫了成百上千封的信件詢問有關(guān)洗滌槽和平底鍋、門鎖和洗衣房的情況。對她來說事無巨細(xì)都予以細(xì)致入微的關(guān)注。她想出辦法，最有效地來發(fā)放干凈的被褥，最好地保溫食物的方法，床與床之間最佳的擺放尺寸。她要徹底改變醫(yī)院的管理制度。細(xì)節(jié)維系生命。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA12FlorenceNightingalesucceeded.AllovertheworldNightingale-stylehospitalswerebuilt.AndFlorencecontinuedtoadviseonhospitalplansforover40years.Today’shospitalswiththeirflowersandbright,cleanandcheerfulwardsareadirectresultofherwork.

弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾成功了。全世界都要建立南丁格爾式的醫(yī)院。同時弗洛倫斯將在今后的四十多年里繼續(xù)為醫(yī)院的規(guī)劃出謀劃策。如今的醫(yī)院鮮花盛開，窗明幾凈，病房干凈和充滿歡樂，所有這一切都應(yīng)歸功于她的工作。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA1Thatsummerof1857wasanightmareforFlorence—notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission,butshewaswritingherownreportaboutherexperiences.(Para.2)notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission是倒裝語序。

e.g.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.他不僅講話更正確了，而且講得也更輕松了。1857年的那個夏天對弗洛倫斯來說是一段不愉快的經(jīng)歷——她不僅要夜以繼日地指導(dǎo)委員會中任職的政客們，還要就她的經(jīng)歷撰寫她自己的報(bào)告。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA2Themoretheanti-reformersdraggedtheirfeet,thegreaterthereformpressurebecame.(Para.7)反對改革的保守派越是故意拖沓，改革的壓力就變得越大。句中“the+比較級,the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越(是)……，越……”。

e.g.Thewarmertheweather,thebetterIfeel.天氣越暖和，我感覺越舒服。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA3TheintenseworkontheCommissionwasover,butFlorencewastocontinuestudying,planningandpressingforarmymedicalreformforthenext30years.(Para.9)委員會的緊張工作告一段落，但弗洛倫斯未來30年仍要繼續(xù)研究、計(jì)劃并督促軍隊(duì)醫(yī)療改革。系動詞was后的不定式tocontinue...在此處作表語。

e.g.Thewallistokeeppeopleoutofthegarden.這堵墻為的是不讓人到花園里來。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA4Peoplenowbegantodemandthatsheapplyherknowledgetocivilianhospitals,whichshefoundtobe“justasbadorworse”thanmilitaryhospitals.(Para.10)人們現(xiàn)在開始要求她將自己的學(xué)識用在民用醫(yī)院方面，這些醫(yī)院的情況在她看來和軍隊(duì)醫(yī)院“一樣糟，甚至更糟”。句中demand后面的從句用了動詞原形作謂語，是虛擬語氣的用法。demand、insist、ask等動詞后的賓語從句需要用should+動詞原形，should可省略。

e.g.Theydemandedthattherighttovotebegiventoeveryadultman.他們要求給予每個成年男子以選舉權(quán)。TextAGroupDiscussionTextA1WhywasFlorenceNightingaledoingthisgruelingworkin1857?

FlorenceNightingalewasdoingthisgruelingworkbecauseitwasvital,notbecauseshehadchosenit.

TextAGroupDiscussionTextA2WhatcanyoulearnfromNightingale?

Tobeefficient,knowledgeable,persistentandpenetratinginreasoning,scrupulouslyjust,mathematicallyaccurate.

TextAGroupDiscussionTextA3Inyouropinion,whatissuccess?TextASuccessistheachievementofagoal.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.WarmingupNewWordsTextB1.Doyouwanttobeasuccess?

2.Haveyougotsomeideaoffactorsthatinfluencesuccess

?Directions:ThefollowingquestionsTextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextBpersonalitycombinationtraitinevitablyformulacultivateprominentcurrentpinpointrecurprevalentawardextraneouscoremagnatefirsthandnoteworthycapabilityencompassperseverecomprehendincisivelydiligencesummarizetenaciousTextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextBindepth

深入地；全面地atrandom

隨機(jī)地attribute…to…

……

歸因于……takeaction

采取行動atleast至少TextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.personality[?p??s??n?l?t?]n.個性2.combination[?k?mb??ne???n]n.結(jié)合

e.g.

Thiscombinationofcharactersisuniqueinthesection.這種特征的結(jié)合在本組中是唯一的。3.trait[trei,treit]n.(某人性格中的)特性

e.g.Whatdoyoufeelisyourstrongestpersonalitytrait?你認(rèn)為你最顯著的個性特點(diǎn)是什么？4.inevitably[?n?ev?t?bl?]adv.必然地

e.g.Inevitably,anargumentensued.接著不可避免地發(fā)生了一場爭論。5.formula[?f??mj?l?]n.準(zhǔn)則；方案；處方，配方；公式

e.g.Hedevelopedamathematicalformula.他提出了一個數(shù)學(xué)公式。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB6.cultivate['k?lt?ve?t]vt.培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)成e.g.

Tomtriedtocultivategoodstudyhabits.湯姆試著去培養(yǎng)良好的讀書習(xí)慣。7.prominent['pr?m?n?nt]adj.杰出的

e.g.

Thatschoolisprominentinbaseball.那個學(xué)校以棒球著稱。8.current['k?r?nt]adj.當(dāng)前的

e.g.

Howlongwillshekeephercurrentjob?她現(xiàn)在這份工作能維持多久?9.pinpoint['p?np??nt]vt.準(zhǔn)確地說出(事實(shí)真相)

e.g.

It'sdifficulttopinpointthecauseoftheaccident.很難清楚地找到事故發(fā)生的原因。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB10.recur[r?'k??(r)]vi.再次發(fā)生

e.g.Whatdoyouwanttomakeitrecur?如果你能選擇的話，你希望讓什么重現(xiàn)？11.prevalent['prev?l?nt]adj.普遍的

e.g.Eyediseasesareprevalentinsometropicalcountries.在一些熱帶國家，眼疾很流行。12.award[?'w??d]vt. 給予；授予

e.g.Thechampionwasawardedthegoldmedal.

冠軍被授予了金牌。13.extraneous[?k'stre?ni?s]adj.無關(guān)的

e.g.Icanchoosetoignoretheseextraneousthoughts.我可以選擇無視這些無關(guān)的想法。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB14.core[k??]n.核心

e.g.Thecoreofourappealisfreedomofspeech.我們的要求的核心是言論自由。15.magnate['m?ɡne?t]n.大亨；巨頭

e.g.Mcdonald’sisaglobalsnackmagnate.麥當(dāng)勞集團(tuán)是全球快餐業(yè)巨頭。16.firsthand['f??st'h?nd]adv.第一手地；直接地

e.g.Ilearnedthenewsabouthermother’sillnessfirsthandfromLena.我直接從麗娜那里了解到她母親生病的消息。17.noteworthy[?n??t?w??e?]adj.值得注意的

e.g.Ifoundnothingparticularlynoteworthytoreport.我沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)什么特別值得報(bào)道的事。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB18.capability[?ke?p??b?l?t?]n.能力

e.g.awoman’sindependence,capability,andpower女人的自立、能力和權(quán)力19.encompass[?n?k?mp?s]vt.包含；包括

e.g.Thegroupencompassesallages.這個小組各種年齡的人都有。20.persevere[?p??s??v??(r)]vi.堅(jiān)忍不拔；堅(jiān)持不懈

e.g.Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons.她孜孜不倦地學(xué)習(xí)小提琴。21.comprehend[?k?mpr??hend]adj.值得注意的

e.g.Hestoodstaringatthedeadbody,unabletocomprehend.他站在那里，盯著那具尸體，弄不明白是怎么回事。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB22.incisively[?n'sa?s?vl?]adv.切中要害地；尖銳地

e.g.Hewasincisivelycritical.他受到了尖銳的批評。23.diligence[?d?l?d??ns]n.勤奮

e.g.Sheshowsgreatdiligenceinherschoolwork.她上學(xué)非常用功。24.summarize[?s?m?ra?z]v.總結(jié)

e.g.Basically,thearticlecanbesummarizedinthreesentences.這篇文章基本上可以概述為3句話。25.tenacious[t??ne???s]adj. 堅(jiān)持的；頑強(qiáng)的

e.g.She'satenaciouswoman.Shenevergivesup.她是個堅(jiān)毅的人，從不放棄。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.indepth深入地；全面地

e.g.aninterviewconductedingreatdepth.一次深入的采訪

2.atrandom隨機(jī)地

e.g.Choseacardatrandomfromthedeck.從一副牌中任意選出一張。3.attribute…to…把……歸因于……

e.g.Mr.Brownattributeshisgoodhealthtocarefulliving.布朗先生把自己的健康體魄歸功于審慎的生活方式。4.takeaction采取行動

e.g.Wemusttakeactionbeforeitistoolate.我們必須趁早采取行動，否則來不及了。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB1Istherea“successpersonality”—somewinningcombinationoftraitsthatleadsalmostinevitablytoachievement?Ifso,exactlywhatisthatsecretsuccessformula,andcananyonecultivateit?世間可有“成功的個性”——也就是那些注定使人成功的優(yōu)勢組合？如果的確有，那么，其秘訣何在？每個人都能培養(yǎng)出“成功的個性”嗎?TextBWhatSuccessfulPeopleHaveinCommonReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB2Werecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica.ThemaincriterionforinclusioninWho’sWhoinAmericaisnotwealthorsocialposition,butcurrentachievementinagivenfield.Ourresearchpinpointsanumberoftraitsthatrecurregularlyamongtopachievers.Herearefiveofthemostimportant:

近來我們集中深入地對成功問題進(jìn)行了研究，在美國《名人錄》中隨機(jī)選取了1500名杰出人物，研究他們的態(tài)度和性格特征。在《名人錄》中選取人物的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是他們在其所屬領(lǐng)域作出了被公眾接受的貢獻(xiàn)，而不是財(cái)富和社會地位。我們的研究將高成就者身上頻繁出現(xiàn)的幾種性格特征準(zhǔn)確地顯示出來。以下是最重要的5條：TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB3First,commonsense.Thisisthemostprevalentqualitypossessedbyourcorrespondents.Seventy-onepercentawardthemselvesatopscoreinthiscategory.And61percentsaythatcommonsenseisveryimportanttotheirsuccess.第一，良好的判斷力。這是被調(diào)查者所擁有的最普遍的品質(zhì)。79%的人在這一項(xiàng)上都得了高分。并且61%的人說判斷力為他們的成功立下了汗馬功勞。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB4Commonsensemeanstheabilitytorendersound,practicaljudgmentsoneverydayaffairs.Todothis,onehastosweepasideextraneousideasandgetrighttothecoreofwhatmatters.ATexasoilandgasmagnateputitthisway,“Thekeyabilityforsuccessissimplifying.Inconductingmeetingsanddealingwithindustryregulators,reducingacomplexproblemtothesimplesttermsishighlyimportant.”

對多數(shù)人來說，判斷力是指合情合理地解決日常事務(wù)的能力。要做到這一點(diǎn)，就該掃除無關(guān)主題的思想的羈絆，確定事情的核心。一名得克薩斯的石油和天然氣業(yè)的巨頭如是說：“簡單化是獲取成功的一個重要能力。在主持會議和處理工業(yè)規(guī)定時，將一個復(fù)雜問題變成最簡單的條款非常有必要?！盩extBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB5Iscommonsenseatraitapersonisbornwith,orcanyoudosomethingtoincreaseit?Theoilman’sansweristhatcommonsensecandefinitelybedeveloped.Heattributeshisstoreofcommonsensetolearninghowtodebateinschool.Anotherwaytoincreaseyourstoreofcommonsenseistoobserveitinothers,learningfromtheirandyourownmistakes.

良好的判斷力是一個人與生俱來的特征，還是后天提高的呢？那位石油大亨回答說，良好的判斷力肯定可以培養(yǎng)出來。他把自己的這種能力歸功于在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)辯論的技巧。增強(qiáng)判斷力的另一種方法是觀察別人，從別人和自己的錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)。

TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

6Second,knowingone’sfield.Aftercommonsense,specializedknowledgeinone’sfieldisthesecondmostcommontraitpossessedbythecorrespondents,withthreefourthsgivingthemselvesanAinthiscategory.

第二，對你所在的領(lǐng)域了如指掌。在良好的判斷力后，擁有某一領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識是被調(diào)查者的第二個普遍特征，3/4的人在這一項(xiàng)上給自己打了滿分。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

7GeologistPhilipOxleyattributeshissuccesstohavingworkedintheoilfields.By“sittingonwellsandbirddoggingseismiccrews,”helearnedthetricksofthetradefirsthand.“People,whoaregoingtobegoodmanagersneedtohaveapracticalunderstandingofthecraftsintheirbusiness,”hesays.Todayhisexpertiseearnshimasix-figuresalary.Hesaysthat“understandingwhymyequipmentperformsthewayitdoes”ispartofhissuccessformula.Anoteworthypointisthatheobtainedhisspecializedknowledgethroughself-educationandnotthroughformalschooling.

地質(zhì)學(xué)家菲利浦奧克斯勒把曾在油田工作過作為自己成功的一大原因。通過“在油井邊坐著，觀察地質(zhì)隊(duì)員”，他學(xué)到了第一手成功秘訣?！耙蔀槌錾墓芾碚咝枰獙ψ约旱氖聵I(yè)所處的行業(yè)有切實(shí)的了解?！彼f。如今，他的專業(yè)知識為他贏得了六位數(shù)的年薪。他說“了解自己設(shè)備的工作方式”是他成功秘訣的一部分。值得注意的是：他不是通過正規(guī)的學(xué)校教育獲得專業(yè)知識的，而是自學(xué)成才的。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

8Third,self-reliance.Topachieversrelyprimarilyontheirownresourcesandabilities.Seventy-sixpercentgivethemselvesanAratingforthistrait.Self-relianceisnothowyoufeelorhowgoodyouare;rather,itiswhetheryouhavethegumptiontotakedefinitiveactiontogetthingsmovinginyourlife.Itincludesplain,oldwillpowerandtheabilitytogetgoals.

第三，依賴自己。成就大事業(yè)的人基本是依賴自身的資源和能力。76%的被調(diào)查者給自己的這一特點(diǎn)打A。依賴自己并非你感覺如何或認(rèn)為你有多好就可以了；而要看你是否有魄力采取實(shí)際行動，并在生活中真正實(shí)施這些事情。這包括人們通常所說的意志力以及實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的能力。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

9Twothirdsofthecorrespondentssaytheyhavecleargoalsfortheirlivesandcareers.AndhalfofthoseweinterviewedgivethemselvesanAinwillpower.Amongothercapabilities,willpowerencompassestheabilitytobeaself-starterandtopersevereafteraprojecthasbegun.

被調(diào)查者中有2/3的人說他們曾有確定的生活和職業(yè)目標(biāo)。其中半數(shù)人給自己的意志力打A。與其他能力相比，意志力是一種主動開展一個項(xiàng)目并持之以恒的能力。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

10Fourth,generalintelligence.Thisisessentialforoutstandingachievementsbecauseitinvolvesyournaturalabilitytocomprehenddifficultconceptsquicklyandtoanalyzethemclearlyandincisively.Atleastthat’sthewayourrespondentsseeit—43percentsayitisaveryimportantingredientoftheirsuccess,andanother52percentsayitisfairlyimportant.

第四，一般智能。這是做出突出成就不可缺少的，因?yàn)樗▽щy的概念迅速理解并能清晰、準(zhǔn)確地對其進(jìn)行分析的自然能力。至少在我們的被調(diào)查者眼中是這樣的——43%的人說這是他們?nèi)〉贸晒Φ囊粋€非常重要的因素，另有52%的人肯定了它的重要性。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

11Last,abilitytogetthingsdone.Asforaccomplishingtasks,nearlythreefourthsofourhighachieversrankthemselves“veryefficient.”Andtheyagreethatatleastthreeimportantqualitieshavehelpedthemtodoso:organizationalability,goodworkhabitsanddiligence.

最后，完成任務(wù)的能力。高成就者中幾乎有3／4的人認(rèn)為他們“非常有能力”完成任務(wù)。他們普遍認(rèn)為，至少有三個重要的品質(zhì)有助于他們這么做，即組織能力、良好的工作習(xí)慣和勤奮精神。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

12Aphysicsprofessorsummarizeshissuccessformulathisway,“Sheerhard,tenaciouswork,withtheabilitytopaceoneself.”

一位物理學(xué)教授在總結(jié)他的成功模式時這樣說：“全力以赴，緊張工作，使自己有規(guī)律地勻速前行?！彼寡砸恢艿墓ぷ鲿r間總計(jì)有100小時。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

13Besidesthefivelistedhere,thereareotherfactorsthatinfluencesuccess:leadership,creativity,relationshipswithothers,and,ofcourse,luck.Ifyoucultivatethesetraits,chancesareyou’llsucceed.AndyoumightevenfindyourselflistedinWho’sWhoinAmericasomeday.

除此5條，影響成功還有其他諸多因素，比如領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、創(chuàng)造能力、協(xié)調(diào)能力，當(dāng)然，運(yùn)氣也不可缺少。如果具有了這些特點(diǎn)，你就可能獲得成功，甚至在某一天，你會突然發(fā)現(xiàn)《名人錄》中有自己的名字。NotesGroupDiscussionTextB1Werecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica.(Para.2)近來我們集中深入地對成功話題進(jìn)行了研究，在《美國名人錄》中隨機(jī)選取了1,500名杰出人物，考察他們對事物的看法和性格特性。句中examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。e.g.Iphonedagain,makingsureIhadtherightnumber.我又打了一次電話，確保號碼是對的。TextBNotesGroupDiscussionTextB2Todothis,onehastosweepasideextraneousideasandgetrighttothecoreofwhatmatters.(Para.4)要做到這一點(diǎn)，一個人就不要考慮無關(guān)的想法，確定要緊事的核心。句中Todothis是不定式作狀語，表示目的。e.g.IwenttoliveinFrancetolearnFrench.我到法