簡單句并列句復(fù)合句相互轉(zhuǎn)換講與練

英語句子概論英語句子概論根本成分附屬成分獨立成分省略成分連接成分

簡單句

并列句復(fù)合句主語＋不及物動詞〔S+Vi〕主語＋及物動詞＋賓語(S+Vt+O)主語＋系動詞＋表(S+LV+predicative)主語＋雙賓動詞+間賓+直賓(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)主語＋賓補動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語(S+Vt.+O+O.compl)There+be/stand/lie/live...簡單句的五種根本句型主語、動詞〔不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補動詞)、賓語及補語可以稱為根本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2個根本成分，至多4個根本成分。nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(間)賓語(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英語句子基本成分示意圖be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.主語＋不及物動詞Shecame．/Myheadaches.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語＋系動詞＋表語Sheishappy．主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主語＋賓補動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.簡單句根本句型實例附屬成分根本成分的修飾語?？梢允牵憾ㄕZ：即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。定語Poor

Johnwenttowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschool

tenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.狀語Examples:Oh！Whatisthat！〔驚嘆詞〕Hehas，alas，failedagain．Comehere，John．〔呼語〕Rollon，Ocean，rollon．句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成分和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。獨立成分 〔You〕Comehere． 〔Iwishyou〕Goodluck！ Somegavehimpraises，butothers〔gavehim〕rotten eggs． Herunsasfastas,if(hedoes)not(run)faster,than you. (I)Hopeyoulikeit. JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter(should cleanit)tomorrow.句中被省略的成分，雖然未說出來，卻在句中表示一定的意思：省略成分連接成分連接成分實際上是一個連詞，用來連接兩個或幾個平行的詞、短語和分句。這種連詞叫做并列連詞。另一類連接成分是用來連接兩個句子、且一個句子附屬于另一個句子〔即從句〕的連詞。這類連詞叫附屬連詞。附屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。一個完整的句子〔主句或從句〕必須包含2個到4個根本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個或更多其他的句子成分。簡單句簡單句只有一個限定動詞〔即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)〕，它是最小的句子單位。主要起以下四種作用中的一種。作一種陳述提出一個問題發(fā)出一種命令或請求表示一種感慨Examples:Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.Stephenapologizedatonce.Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?Shutthedoor.Whataslowtrainthisis!簡單句的根本詞序主語 動詞局部 賓語 狀語 〔謂語〕 方式 地點 時間I bought ahat yesterday.Thechildren ran home.Thetaxidrivershoutedatme angrily.We ate ourmeal insilence.Thecar stopped suddenly.Ayounggirlwalked confidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimaway inapolicecar.簡單句的擴展成份簡單句的主語、賓語可以加上一個短語〔如定語〕來擴展，及物動詞或不及物動詞也可以與其它短語〔如狀語〕連用進行擴展。Iboughtaraincoatwithawarmlining.Thedogjumpedthroughthewindow.Heissavinguptobuyamobilephone.Abrightlittleboywithrosycheeksputthreebottlesofmilkquietlyonmydoorstepbeforeseveno’clock.HeworkedlikeamadmaninthegardenonSaturday.Theyounggirlwithlongblackhairseemstobeveryhappy.兩個簡單句的主語可以用連詞and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso等連詞連接組成一個簡單句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動詞的一致性。ThebossisflyingtoParis.HissecretaryisflyingtoParis.

Theboss

and

hissecretary

areflying

toParis.

Both

theboss

and

hissecretary

areflying

toParis.ThebossisflyingtoRome.HissecretaryisnotflyingtoRome.

Theboss

butnot

hissecretary

isflying

toRome.ThebossmaybeflyingtoBerlin.HissecretarymaybeflyingtoBerlin.

Either

theboss

or

hissecretary

isflyingto

Berlin.ThebossisnotflyingtoYork.Hissecretaryisn’tflyingtoYork.

Neither

theboss

nor

hissecretary

isflying

toYork.主語、謂語、賓語的合并兩個簡單句的賓語可由and、both…and等連詞連接組成一個簡單句。ImetJane.Imetherhusband.

ImetJaneandherhusband. ImetbothJaneandherhusband.Itwascold.Itwaswet.

Itwascoldandwet.Ididn’tmeetJane.Ididn’tmeetherhusband.

Ididn’tmeeteitherJaneorherhusband. ImetneitherJanenor

herhusband.兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。Wesangallnight.Wedancedallnight.

Wesanganddancedallnight.主語、謂語、賓語的合并并列句需把幾個意思連接在一起時，可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個并列句。用分號：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用分號，后跟一個連接副詞：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列連詞〔如and、but、so、yet等〕Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.并列句常用并列連詞

coordinatingconjunctions平行并列連詞:轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞:

選擇并列連詞:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,andthenbut,however,while,yetfor,soor,either…or,neither…nor并列句并列句的詞序：并列句根本上保存了簡單句的詞序。主語 謂語賓語連詞主語動詞表語Jimmyfelloffhisbikebut(he)wasn’thurt.五種簡單句型可用并列連詞連接起來組成并列句。主謂狀〔方式〕連主謂表Frankworkedhardand(he)becameanarchitect.主謂賓連主謂地點I’vegotacold,soI’mgoingtobed.主謂賓賓補連主謂賓Theymadehimchairman,but(they)didn’tincreasehissalary.Exercise:請用適宜的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。Hewastired,sohewenttobed.1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.

2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,butHedidn’tkeepit.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個主句連用，不能獨立存在。復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個句子由附屬連詞引導(dǎo)〔從句〕，用以修飾另一句子〔主句〕。復(fù)合句=主句+從句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句是在簡單句的根底上，通過附屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。附屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句： 1.主語從句2.賓語從句 3.表語從句4.定語從句 5.狀語從句6.同位語從句英文寫作中最常使用的從句賓語從句狀語從句定語從句名詞性從句1.主語從句2.賓語從句3.表語從句4.同位語從句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+附屬連詞+簡單句Hetoldme

thenews.thatthematchhadbeencancelled.賓語howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycar.thatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.howmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarandthatIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.whenhewasleavingforParis.thathisfatherwasworkinginthatschool.賓語從句復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+附屬連詞+簡單句Idon’tknowhim.hehasfinishedhisworkthathehasfinishedhiswork.whetherhehasfinishedhiswork.賓語從句heisleavingforWashington.thatheisleavingforWashington.whenheisleavingforWashington.whyheisleavingforWashington.howheisleavingforWashington.whetherheisleavingforWashington.What’sthematter(with…)?What’swrong(with…)?復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+附屬連詞+簡單句thepeople

surprisedThatWhathesaidWhathedid主語Thathedidn’tknowtheanswerintheroom.定語whoweresittingintheroom.whowerepresent.whosesonswereatwar.whohadsignedthecontract.(08陜西13〕Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,____weremadeofsmalldiamonds.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch.whosehandsthehandsofwhichofwhichthehandsItshandsweremadeofsmalldiamonds.Thehandsofitweremadeofsmalldiamonds.(‘09陜西11)Guncontrolisasubject_____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.argueaboutsthGuncontrolisasubject.Americanshavearguedaboutitforalongtime.aboutwhich〔‘2010陜西11)Theoldtemple_____roof

wasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.Theoldtempleisnowunderrepair.Itsroof

wasdamagedinastorm.Theroof

ofitwasdamagedinastorm.whosetheroofofwhich

ofwhichtheroof復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+附屬連詞+簡單句That

isthefact.表語whatheneeds.whathegaveme.whyhewaslate.becausehewasill.whathashappened.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+附屬連詞+簡單句Heworked

inthatfactorythreeyearsago.地點狀語時間狀語wherehisfatherworkedinthatfactorywhereIlivedwhenhelivedthereHisfatherworkedthere.Ilivedthere.Helivedtherethreeyearsago.復(fù)合句與簡單句：復(fù)合句=簡單句+附屬連詞+簡單句Putthebook

onthedesk.whereyoutookit.whereitwas.地點狀語where

youfoundit.Youcan’tcamphere.wheretherearealotoftrees.whereveryoulike.Putthebook

whereyoutookit.whereitwas.attheplacewhere

youfoundit.加上attheplace以上where引導(dǎo)的都是成了定語從句指出以下各從句的類型Ibelievethateverythingisgoingonwell.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.賓語從句狀語從句定語從句Practice用所給連詞連接句子。Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoNewYorkonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttoNewYork.將各組句子連接為一個含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句。PracticeHedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.用所給連詞連接句子。PracticeHedidn’tcometoschoolontimeyesterday.Hewaspunished.(原因/結(jié)果)Hedidn’tcometoschoolontimeyesterday.Thatwaswhyhewaspunished.(表示結(jié)果〕Hewaspunished.Thatwasbecausehedidn’tcometoschoolontimeyesterday.=Thereasonwasthathedidn’tcometoschoolontimeyesterday.(表示原因〕用所給連詞連接句子。PracticeThereasonwhyhewaspunishedwasthathedidn’tcometoschoolontimeyesterday.(表示原因及結(jié)果〕I’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.〔時間〕I’llgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.I’llgivethelettertohimassoonasIseehim.I’llgivethelettertohimthemomentIseehim.I’llgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.表示“一…就…〞可以用：1.assoonas;2.themoment(minute;second;instant)3.immediately(directly;instantly)Ihadgothome.Itbegantorain.(時間)Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantor