大學英語語法與練習

./大學英語語法及練習第一講虛擬語氣I.考點分析：分四級語法復習虛擬語氣是動詞的特殊形式,用來表達說話人的意愿、建議、請求、意圖、驚奇、設想等未能或不可能成為事實的情況,以及在說話人看來實現的可能性很小的情況.虛擬語氣是非常重要的語法考點.考查歷屆四級試題,我們發(fā)現與虛擬語氣有關的考題每次至少2題,有時甚至3-4題.虛擬語氣的考查要點有：1.虛擬語氣的形式：分清虛擬時間和主從句的動詞形式十分重要,因此我們把所有虛擬語氣的不同類型列表歸納并進行對比,以便于同學們記憶掌握.動詞形式類型虛擬時間從句動詞主句動詞if條件句現在過去式would/should/might/could+動詞原形過去had+過去分詞would/should/might/could+have+過去分詞將來should/wereto/過去式would/should/might/could+動詞原形wish引導的賓從現在過去式過去had+過去分詞/couldhavedone將來would/could/might+動詞原形asif/though方式狀語從句同wish其它動詞引導的賓從<should>+動詞原形主語從句<should>+動詞原形表語從句<should>+動詞原形同位語從句<should>+動詞原形ifonly同if條件句lest,forfearthat,incaseshould+動詞原形wouldrather/soonerthat現在/將來過去式過去had+過去分詞Itishigh/abouttimethat過去式2.要注意從句中第一/三人稱的過去式was用were代替.例如：IfIwereinvited,Iwouldcome.Ifshewerenotill,shecoulddoalotofthings.3.if條件句中如謂語動詞是were,had,should,could時,可以省略if,把它們前置.例如：Hadmyfatheralotofmoney,hewouldsendmeabroad.CouldIdoit,Iwouldsurelydoit.ShouldtheBlackDeathreappear,whatshouldwedo?〔萬一黑死病再次出現,我們該怎么辦？4.錯綜時間的條件句是難點,如99年1月第60題:IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,youwouldn’tbesmilingnow.〔從句用過去完成時,主句用現在進行時又如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothefilmlastnight.<從句虛擬現在,主句虛擬過去>；Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.<從句虛擬過去,主句虛擬將來>；Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.<從句虛擬過去,主句虛擬現在>5.虛擬句的另一難點是省略if條件句的含蓄條件句,如：Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore,butIhavebeenill.<=IfIhadnotbeenill,Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore.>;Atruefriendwouldhaveacteddifferently.<=Afriend,ifhehadbeentrue,wouldhaveacteddifferently.>6.注意介詞短語without,butfor,intheabsence等表示虛擬條件.例如：Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.沒有電就不會有現代工業(yè).Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.沒有你們的幫助,我們的實驗時不可能成功的.7."Wereitnotfor/Haditnotbeenfor+賓語"或"Butthat+從句"表示假設條件.例如：Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Haditnotbeenforthereservoir,we’dneverhavebeenabletobeatthedrought.Butthathesawit<=Ifhehadnotseenit>,hecouldnothavebelievedit.8.providing,providing<that>,onconditionthat,suppose,supposing引導的條件從句中,根據語意,可以用虛擬語氣,有可以用陳述語氣.9.常見的引導賓語從句須用虛擬語氣的動詞有：advice,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,direct〔命令insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,resolve,suggest,urge,move<提議,動議>等；例如：TheUnitedNationsurgedthathe<should>withdrawhistroops.〔聯合國敦促他撤軍.10．常見的引導同位語從句或表語從句須用虛擬語氣的名詞有：advice,command,desire,determination,idea,motion,order,preference,recommendation,suggestion,insistence,proposals,request,requirement等；例如：Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.<用于同位語從句>邀請他的建議被否決了.Theirdemandisthattheirwagesbeincreasedby20%.<用于表語從句>他們的要求是工資增加20%.11．用在主語從句中時其結構通常為"Itis/was+形容詞或過去分詞+主語從句〔用虛擬語氣",例如：Itisnecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthediscussion.你有必要參加討論.Itwasorderedthatthemedicinesbesentherebyplane.根據命令,那些藥品必須空運到這兒.常見的這類形容詞、分詞還有：advisable〔合理的,anxious<急切的>,appropriate〔合適的,compulsory〔強制的,crucial<緊要關頭的>,desirable〔理想的,eager,essential〔必要的,imperative<迫切的>,important〔重要的,impossible〔不可能的,improper〔不合適的,natural〔自然的,obligatory<必須履行的>,preferable〔更好的,proper〔合適的,strange〔奇怪的urgent〔緊迫的,vital〔至關重要的,demanded〔要求的,required〔要求的,suggested〔建議的,desired〔希望的等.II.歷屆四級試題中的虛擬語氣：1.Thattreelookedasifit______foralongtime.<93/1/52>A>hasn’twateredB>didn’twater C>hadn’tbeenwatered D>wasn’twatered2.It’snecessary______thedictionaryimmediately.<93/1/68>A>thathewillreturn B>thathereturnedC>thathereturnD>thathehastoreturn3.Wedesirethatthetourleader______usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.<93/6/48>A>informB>informs C>informedD>hasinformed4.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI______youradvice.<93/6/70>A>followB>hadfollowedC>wouldfollowD>havefollowed5.Themanagerofthehotelrequeststhattheirguests______after11:00p.m.<94/1/65>A>nottoplayloudmusicB>shouldn’tplayloudmusicC>don’tplayloudmusicD>couldn’tplaymusic6.______formyillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.<95/1/47>A>NotbeingforB>HaditnotbeenC>WithoutbeingD>Nothavingbeen7.Tobefrank,I’dratheryou______inthecase.<95/1/61>A>willnotbeinvolvedB>notinvolvedC>nottobeinvolvedD>werenotinvolved8.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.<95/6/44>A>isnotstartedB>willnotbestartedC>notbestartedD>isnottobestarted9.IwishI_____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.<95/6/45>A>couldhaveslept B>sleptC>notbestartedD>haveslept10.Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_____ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.<96/1/44>A>hastogetB>weretoget C>hadgotD>couldhavegot11.Itispolitelyrequestedbythetotalmanagementthatradio______after11o’clockat<96/1/28>A>werenotplayedB>nottoplayC>notbeplayedD>didnotplay12.______rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.<96/6/42>A>Wouldsheleave B>IfsheleavesC>WereshetoleaveD>Ifshehadleft13.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime______?<96/6/43>A>weweregoinghomeB>wegohomeC>wewenthomeD>wecangohome14.______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinner<97/1/34>A>HadtheyarrivedB>WouldtheyarriveC>WeretheyarrivingD>Weretheytoarrive15.Hadheworkedharder,he______theexams.<97/6/42>musthavegotthroughB>wouldhavegotthroughC>wouldgetthroughD>couldgetthrough16.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTim______tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.<97/6/55>A>isassignedB>willbeassignedC>beassignedD>hasbeenassigned17.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe______himself.<98/1/38>A>injureB>hadinjuredC>injuredD>wouldinjure18.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry,Iwouldratheryou______onbusinessfirst.<98/1/59>A>wouldgoB>willgoC>wentD>havegone19.I’dratheryou______makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.<98/6/48>A>don’tB>wouldn’tC>didn’tD>shouldn’t20.Wewereallforyourproposalthatthediscussion______.<98/6/68>A>beputoffB>wasputoffC>shouldputoffD>istoputoff21."Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou______thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,"Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.<99/1/57>A>realizedB>haverealized C>realizeD>shouldrealize22.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_______now.<99/1/60>A>wouldn’tbesmilingB>couldn’thavesmiled C>won’tsmile D>didn’tsmile23.Franklyspeaking,I’dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.<99/1/66>A>didn’tdoB>haven’tdone C>don’tdo D>havedone24.Ifthewholeoperation______beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.<99/6/43>A>wasnotplannedB>hasnotbeen C>werenotplanned D>hadnotbeenplanned25.AsCommander-in-Chiefonthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures______forourdefense.<99/6/62>A>betakenB>wouldbetakenC>tobetakenD>hadbeentaken26.Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild______tobedearly?<00/1/49>A>wentB>goesC>goD>wouldgo27.Mike’suncleinsists______inthishotel.<00/1/52>A>thathenotstayB>stayingnotC>thathewouldnotstayD>nottostay28.SometimesIwishI_____inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.<00/1/58>A>werelivingB>wouldliveC>wouldhavelivedD>beliving29.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms______backasearlyaspossible.<00/1/64>A>mustbesentB>willbesentC>besentD>aresent30.Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.<00/6/32>A>wouldpresentB>presentC>presentsD>oughttopresent31.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.<00/6/48>A>hadnotworkedB>nottoworkC>doesnotworkD>didnotwork32.Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist______thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.<01/1/41>A>makesureB>hasmadesureC>madesureD>mustmakesure33.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.<01/6/53>A>hadlostB>wouldloseC>wouldhavelostD>shouldhavelost34.Jackwishesthathe______businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.<01/6/50>A>hadstudiedB>studyC>studiedD>hadbeenstudying35.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson______underunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet.<02/1/57>A>beB>wasC>isD>were36.Manyadelegatewasinfavorofhisproposalthataspecialcommittee______toinvestigatetheincident.<02/1/58>A>wassetupB>weresetup C>setupD>besetup37.Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemother______onrighttokeepthebaby.〔02/1/59A>hadinsistedB>hasbeeninsistingC>insistedD>wouldinsistIII.答案及詳解:1.C>題意：那棵樹看上去好象很久沒澆水了.解析：asif引導的方式狀語從句,主句用過去時,從句用過去完成時,故選C.2.C>題意：他立刻歸還字典是很有必要的.解析："itis/was+形容詞+主語從句"中的虛擬語氣的動詞形式用省略should的動詞形式,故選C.3.A>題意：我們希望旅游團的領隊能立刻通知計劃的一些改變.解析：desire引導的賓語從句中動詞應用虛擬形式should+動詞原形或省略should,故選A.4.B>題意：瞧瞧我這糟糕的處境！要是我聽從你的建議就好了.解析：ifonly引導的句子如果與過去事實相反,動詞就用過去完成時,即had+過去分詞,故選B.5.B>題意：酒店老板要求客人晚上11點之后不得播放嘈鬧的音樂.解析：request引導的賓語從句的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形,should可以省略,故選B.6.B>題意：要不是我病了的話,我會幫他一把的.解析："hadnotbeenfor+賓語"表示假設條件,相當于"ifithadnotbeenfor",意思是"要不是…,如果不是…",故選B.7.D>題意：說實話,我寧愿你不要卷入這起案件中.解析：wouldrather+that從句的虛擬語氣用過去式,故選D.8.C>題意：據建議這項工程在所有的準備工作就緒之前不應動工.解析："itis+過去分詞+that從句"的虛擬語氣形式用should+動詞原形或省略should的動詞原型,故選C.9.A>題意：我原希望我今早上能多睡會,但我不得不起床來上課.解析：由"butIhadto…"可知wish后的賓語從句是對過去的假設,故選A.10.B>題意：簡不想現在就工作,因為她認為如果有了一份工作,她就不能常常與朋友們相見.解析：if引導的與將來情況相反的假設的虛擬語氣可用should或者wereto+動詞原形的形式,故選B.11.C>題意：所有管理人員很有禮貌地請求晚上11點之后不要再播放收音機了.解析："itis+過去分詞+that從句"的虛擬語氣形式用should+動詞原形或省略should的動詞原型,故選C.12.C>題意：要使她能立刻動身,她會在星期日到達那兒的.解析：if引導的與將來情況相反的假設的虛擬語氣可用should或者wereto+動詞原形的形式,故選C.13.C>題意：現在已經5點了,難道你不認為我們該回家了嗎？解析：itis<about>time+that從句中的虛擬語氣用過去式,故選C.14.D>題意：要使他們能在后天我們出發(fā)之前趕到,我們會舉行一場盛大的晚會.解析：if引導的虛擬條件句中如果動詞是had,should或were的話,可以省略if,把這些動詞前置；又由thedayaftertomorrow〔后天可以判斷假設的是將來情況,因此選項D是正確答案.15.B>題意：如果他學習努力一些的話,他會通過考試的.解析：if引導的條件句的虛擬語氣表示與過去情況相反時,從句用had+過去分詞的形式,主句用would+have+過去分詞的形式,所以B是正確答案.16.C>題意：我認為分配蒂姆做這份工作是不合理的,因為他沒有經驗.解析：含有advisable作賓補的賓語從句也須用虛擬語氣,形式同它作表語的虛擬語氣,因此,省略了should的選項C是答案.17.A>題意：這名瘋男子被關進鋪了軟墊的囚室,以免他傷害自己.解析：lest引導的狀語從句的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形,should可以省略.18.C>題意：你無須這么匆忙.我寧愿你先出差去.解析：wouldrather后的虛擬語氣用過去式,故選C.19.C>題意：我寧愿你暫時對此問題不做任何評價.解析：wouldrather后的虛擬語氣用過去式,故選C.20.A>題意：我們都贊成你的提議,即推遲討論.解析：proposal引出的同位語從句的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形或者省略should,該句應用被動語態(tài),故選A.21.A>題意："你非常自私.到了你該意識到你并不是世界上最重要的人物."埃德加氣憤地對老板說.解析：itishightime+that從句中的虛擬語氣用過去式,故選A.22.A>題意：如果你掉落時我沒有站在梯子下接住你,那你現在就不會在這兒微笑了.解析：本句是錯綜時間的虛擬句,從句虛擬的是過去的情況,用過去完成時,主句虛擬的現在的情況,用過去將來時,又由于now這個表示進行時的時間副詞,所以選項A>wouldn’tbesmiling是正確答案.23.A>題意：坦白地講,我寧愿你暫時對此什么也沒做.解析：wouldrather后的虛擬語氣用過去式,故選A.24.D>題意：如果整個操作沒有提前計劃的,那大量的時間和財力就會被浪費掉.解析：if引導的與過去情況相反的假設,從句用過去完成時<had+過去分詞>,主句用過去將來完成時〔would+have+過去分詞,故選項D是正確答案.25.A>題意：做為武裝部隊的總司令,我已經命令采取一切措施有利于我們的措施.解析：direct后的賓語從句的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形,should可以省略,故選A>betaken.26.A>題意：難道你不原意你的孩子早點上床睡覺？解析：wouldrather后的虛擬語氣用過去式,故選A.27.A>題意：邁克的叔叔堅持讓他呆在這家旅店.解析：insist后的賓語從句的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形,should可以省略,故選A>thathenotstay.28.A>題意：有時候我希望自己生活在一個不同的時代和不同的地方.解析：wish引導一個與現在情況相反的賓語從句時,動詞用過去時,并且用were代替was,所以A>wereliving是正確答案.29.C>題意：這些申請表盡可能早地送回來是很必要的.解析："itisessential+that從句"的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形,should可以省略.所以選項C是正確答案.30.B>題意：由市長頒發(fā)獎品的建議得到了所有人的認可.解析：suggestion引出的同位語從句的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形或者省略should,故選B.31.D>題意：經理寧愿其女兒不在同一個辦公室工作.解析：wouldrather后的虛擬語氣用過去式,故選D.32.A>題意：酒店招待確保客人登記無誤是很重要的.解析："itisimportant+that從句"的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形,should可以省略.所以選項A是正確答案.33.C>題意：如果涉及到的上百萬的計算用人工完成,那么等算完時早已失去其實用價值.解析：if引導的虛擬從句與過去事實相反,從句用"had+過去分詞"形式,if省略,had提前,并以插入語的方式置于句中,主句用"would+have+過去分詞"形式,所以選項C為正確答案.34.A>題意：杰克常希望他上大學時學的是商業(yè)而不是歷史.解析：wish引導的賓語從句的虛擬語氣如表示對過去情況的假設,動詞形式用過去完成式〔had+過去分詞或could+have+過去分詞的形式,所以選項A>hadstudied是正確答案.35.C>題意：這篇文章建議,當一個人處于不尋常的壓力下時,他應該尤其注意自己的飲食平衡.解析：suggest引出的賓語從句的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形或省略should的形式,但本句的考查點卻不是賓語從句的主句〔heshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet,而是賓語從句中一個由when引導的時間狀語從句,不需用虛擬語氣,因此選項C>is是正確答案.36.D>題意：許多代表都贊成他的提議即設立一個專門委員會來調查此事故.解析：proposal引出的同位語從句的虛擬語氣用should+動詞原形或者省略should,該句是被動語態(tài),故選D.37.A>題意：如果那位母親堅持不放棄撫養(yǎng)嬰兒的權利,那事情可能還要糟糕的多.解析：if引導的與過去情況相反的假設,從句用had+過去分詞的形式,主句用would/could+have+過去分詞,故選項A是正確答案.第二講非謂語動詞I．考點分析非謂語動詞包括現在分詞、過去分詞、不定式和動名詞.非謂語動詞既是四級考試的重點也是四級考試的的難點.因為非謂語動詞的用法很復雜,它既含有時態(tài)語態(tài)的變化、又有否定形式.例如：Heseemedtohavewaitedthereforalongtime.<不定式的完成時態(tài)>Heseemedtobewaitingforsomeone.<不定式的正在進行時>Heseemedtohavenotknowntheplaceverywell.<不定式的完成時態(tài)的否定形式>Heseemedtohavebeentoldaboutit.<不定式的被動語態(tài)>一、非謂語動詞不同形式的基本用法.現在分詞可以用作狀語、定語和表語.例如：Thefilmisexciting.<表語>Theexcitingfilmattractedthechildrenverymuch.<定語>Havingfinishingthehomework,childrenwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.<狀語>Theproblembeingdiscussediswhattheyareconcernedwith.<定語>過去分詞的用法與現在分詞大體相當,可以用作狀語、定語和表語.只是表示的意義有所不同.例如：Childrenareexcitedatthefilm.<表語>Theexcitedchildrensanganddancedtothemidnight.<定語>Excitedatthenews,childrenwenttotheplaygroundtoplaybasketball.<狀語>Thiswastheproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.<定語>不定式有兩種形式：帶to的不定式和不帶to的不定式,不定式有進行體、完成體和被動語態(tài).不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、補語、定語和狀語等.ItisofImportancetohavegoodfriends.<邏輯主語>Toseeistobelieve.<主語>Iexpecthimtocomebacksoon.<賓語補語>Idon’tknowhowtogetthere.<賓語>Weneedsomeonetohelpus.<定語>Togetthereearlier,westartedat6o’clock.<狀語>Theroomseemedtohavebeencleaned.<表語>動名詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、補語.Idon’tlikingtalkingwithher.<賓語>Smokingisdangerousforhealth.<主語>Herhobbyiscollectingcoins.<表語>二、四級考試中的非謂語動詞考點非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)Thetwobuildingsbeingrepairednowarethestudents’dormitories.<正在進行時表示動作正在發(fā)生,被動語態(tài)表示被動>Thetwobuildingsrepairedduringthesummervacationsarethestudents’dormitories.<過去分詞作定語,表示動作完成>Thetwobuildingstoberepairedarethestudents’dormitories.<不定式表示動做未發(fā)生,將要發(fā)生>非謂語動詞的否定形式和物主代詞的用法Notknowingwhattodonext,heaskedmeforhelp.<分詞作狀語的否定形式>Iregretnottellingherthenewsearlier.<動名詞作賓語的否定形式>Idon’tmindyourbeinglate.<動名詞作賓語的物主形式>Ipersuadehimnottostaytheretoolong.<不定式作補語的否定形式>現在分詞和過去分詞區(qū)別：現在分詞表示現在和主動的意思；過去分詞含有被動和完成的意思.例如；OriginallycultivatedInIndia,thebananabroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofoundItInAfrica句中主語thebanana和cultivate的關系應屬被動關系,用過去分詞Originallycultivated.Thelostchildwasfoundhidinginthecave.句中hidinginthecave與其主語thechild是主動關系,用現在分詞.不定式和動名詞的區(qū)別：不定式和動名詞都可以作賓語,但在英語中不同的動詞要求后邊的賓語形式不同.有些動詞要求動名詞所賓語,有些動詞要求不定式所賓語,還有些動詞既可以用動名詞又可以用不定式作賓語,但所表達的意思卻不同.所以大家要記住這些特殊的動詞.要求不定式所賓語的動詞有：expect,urge,Intend,persuade,prefer,cause,encourage,tell,ask,make,let,,要求動名詞所賓語的動詞有：mind,quit,resent,mention,appreciate,postpone,consider,enjoy,deserve,delay,avoid,escape,deny,resist,admit,fancy,giveup,cannotbut,need,want,feellike下列動詞既可以用動名詞又可以用不定式作賓語：remember,forget,regret,mean,like,hate,love,stopremember,forget,regret后接不定式表示動作尚未發(fā)生；接動名詞表示動作已經發(fā)生.like,hate,love后接不定式表示具體的或一次性的動作；接動名詞表示習慣性或抽象性的動作.stop后接不定式表示停下現在動作去做另一件事；接動名詞表示停下現在所進行的動作.mean后接不定式表示打算去做一件事；接動名詞表示意思是什么.幾種特殊的句型Itisnogood<use>+doingsth.Itisnousearguingwithheraboutthematter.ThereIsno_doingsth.Thereisnotellingwhentostart.But+<to>do:介詞前動詞若是實義動詞do,省略to;介詞前動詞若不是實義動詞do,則不能省略to.Ourparentsrequiredusofnothingbuttostudyhard.Hesaidnothingbuttocry.Hedidnothingbutcry.分詞的固定搭配詞組：judgingfrom,generallyspeaking,considering,taking…intoconsideration,comparedto<with>獨立主格結構獨立主格結構是帶有邏輯主語的分詞短語,它有以下幾種形式：主語＋分詞Theproblembeingsolved,hewentbackhome.Timepermitting,wewillgooutingthisweekend.Thereporthavingbeenreadalivelydiscussionbegan.With+邏輯主語+分詞〔形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等TheoldmancameInwithabookunderhisarm.Theywenthomewiththelightson.三、非謂語動詞考點例題時態(tài)1．Asapublicrelationsofficer,heissaid______someveryinfluentialpeople.〔01A>toknowB>tobeknowingC>tohavebeenknowingD>tohaveknown2.TheancientEgyptiansaresupposed______rocketstothemoon.〔96/6/37[C]A>tosendB>tobesendingC>tohavesentD>tohavebeensending語態(tài)1.SirDenis,whois78,hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection______tothenation.〔96A>hasleftB>istoleaveC>leavesD>istobeleft2.IfIcorrectsomeone,Iwilldoitwithasmuchgoodhumorandself--restraintasifIweretheone______.〔96A>tocorrectB>correctingC>havingcorrectedD>beingcorrected3.CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit______inCuba.〔00/1/45[B]A>havingcultivatedB>beingcultivatedC>beencultivatedD>cultivating作狀語〔不定式,分詞1.Couldyoufindsomeone______.〔94/4/63[A]A>formetoplaytenniswithB>formetoplaytennisC>playtenniswith D>playingtenniswith2.______ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster'sdegree.〔95/1/48[A]A>TobecomeB>BecomeC>OnebecomeD>Onbecoming3.Thisprogrammewillexaminethewriter'sbooksindetail______anintroductiontoherlife.〔94/4/70[A]A>followingB>havingfollowedC>beingfollowedD>tobefollowed4.Thehousewasveryquiet______atitwasonthesideofamountain.〔99/6/48[A]A>isolated B>beingisolatedC>isolatingD>havingbeenisolated作賓補〔分詞1.InAustraliatheAsiansmaketheirinfluence______inbusinesseslargeandsmall.〔94/4/67[C]A>feelingB>feelC>feltD>tobefelt2.Don'tgetyourschedule______;staywithusinthisclass.〔96/1/42[C]A>tochangeB>changingC>changedD>change作后置定語<分詞>1.Homework______ontimewillleadtobettergrades.〔95/1/44[A]A>done B>bedone C>havingdoneD>tohavebeendone2.Asearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolmustbeestablishedIneverytown______50householdormore.〔98/1/36[A]A>havingB>tohaveC>tohavehadD>havinghad作賓語<動名詞>1.Annneverdreamsof______forhertobesentabroadverysoon.〔98/6/43[A]A>therebeingachanceB>theretobeachanceC>therebeachanceD>beingachance2.Hegivespeopletheimpression______allhislifebroad.〔98/6/46[A]A>ofhavingspentB>tohavespentC>ofbeingspentD>tospend特殊動詞后接不定式作賓語1.Iwouldappreciate______itasecret.〔95/6/41[A]A>yourkeepingB>youtokeepC>thatyoukeepD>thatyouwillkeep2.Markoftenattemptstoescape______wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.〔95/6/42[D]A>havingbeenfinedB>tobefinedC>tohavebeenfinedD>beingfined3.IfIhadremembered__thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.〔96/1/40[A]A>tocloseB>closingC>tohaveclosedD>havingclosed4.Themaninthecornerconfessedto_____alietothemanagerofthecompany.〔97/6/58[D]A>havetoldB>betoldC>beingtold D>havingtoldII.歷屆考題中的非謂語動詞1.______theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfalloftheedgeoftheearth.〔9A>HavingbelievedB>BelievingC>BelievedD>Beingbelieved2.Thetraditionalapproach______withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.〔96/6/33A>todealingB>indealingC>dealingD>todeal3.WhenIcaughthim______meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.〔97/1/44A>cheatingB>cheatC>tocheatD>tobecheating4.Yourhairwants_______.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.〔97/6/48A>cutB>tocutC>cuttingD>beingcut5._______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.〔97/6/56A>Otherthingsbeingequal B>wereotherthingsequalC>Tobeequaltootherthings D>Otherthingstobeequal6.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused______lateforhislecture.〔9A>tohavestudentsB>forstudents’beingC>forstudentstobeD>tostudents’being7.Peopleappreciate______withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.〔98/1/37A>toworkB>tohaveworkedC>workingD>havingworked8.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman______anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.〔98/1/44A>installB>toinstallC>tobeinstalledD>installed9.Allthings______theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.〔98/6/49A>consideredB>beconsideredC>considering D>havingconsidered10.Allflights______becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.〔99/1/51A>hadbeencanceledB>havebeencanceledC>werecanceledD>havingbeencanceled11.Hisremarksleftme______abouthisrealpurpose.〔99/6/45A>wonder B>wonderingC>wonderedD>towonder12.Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudents______wellofhim.〔99/6/46A>speakB>tospeakC>spoken D>tohavespoken13.Thiscrophassimilarqualitiestothepreviousone,______bothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil.〔99/6/57A>beenB>tobeC>beingD>havingbeen14.Theproject______bytheendof2000,willexpandthecity'stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.〔99/6/68A>beingaccomplishedB>tobeaccomplishedC>accomplished D>havingbeenaccomplished15.Idon'tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.〔00/1/43A>yourdelayingtomakeB>youdelaytomakeC>yourdelayingmakingD>youtodelaymaking16.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience______onbenches,chairsorboxes.〔00/1/46A>havingseatedB>seatingC>havingbeenseated D>seated17.Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo______bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.〔00/A>unrecordedB>tobeunrecordedC>unrecording D>tohavebeenunrecorded18.Ihavenoobjection______yourstoryagain.〔00/A>tohearB>tohearingC>tohavingheardD>tohaveheard19.Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.〔00/A>tobeadvertisedB>advertisedC>advertiseD>advertising20.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested______atthenexttown.〔00/6/34A>tostopB>stoppingC>stopD>havingstopped21.Hewasn'tappointedchairmanofthecommittee,____notverypopularwithallitsmembers.〔0A>tobeconsideredB>consideringC>beingconsideredD>havingconsidered22.______inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.〔0A>TobejudgedthebestB>HavingjudgedthebestC>JudgedthebestD>Judgingthebest23.I'llneverforget______youforthefirsttime.〔0A>tomeetB>tohavemetC>meetingD>havingtobemeeting24.Thatyoungmanstilldenies______thefirebehindthestore.〔0A>tostartB>havingstartedC>startD>tohavestarted25.Withthedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologymancanmakevariousflowers______beforetheirtime.〔0A>bebloomedB>bloomC>bloomedD>blooming26.Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers______ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon.〔0A>informB>informingC>beinformedD>informed27.Allthetasks______aheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek.〔0A>beenfulfilledB>havingbeenfulfilledC>werefulfilledD>hadbeenfulfilledIII.答案與詳解1.B>題意：由于人們認為地球是扁平的,所以人們擔心哥倫布會走到在地球的邊緣.解析：句中many是動作believe的發(fā)出者,主語many和believe的關系應屬主動關系,用現在分詞.2.A>題意：解決復雜問題的傳統(tǒng)方法是把它們分解成眾多的容易解決的小問題.解析：句中approach后定語要用介詞to,介詞后接動名詞dealing,所以選A>.3.A>題意：當我發(fā)現他騙我時,我不再在那買東西了.我去另一家商店購物了.解析：句中cheating作賓語him的補語,二者之間是主動關系,要用現在分詞,所以選A>.4.C>題意：你的頭發(fā)需要剪了,你最好明天去理發(fā).解析：句中動詞want后需要接動名詞作賓語,而且動名詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動.所以選C>.5.A>題意：如果其他條件相同,一個善于表達自己思想的人肯定會比語言能力弱的人成功的機會大.解析：句中A>Otherthingsbeingequal是獨立主格結構,在句中作狀語.6.D>題意：盡管教授自己很準時,他已經很習慣于學生在他的課上遲到了.解析：beusedto習慣于,該詞組中后接動名詞,因為遲到的主體是學生所以用students’being.7.C>題意：人們喜歡與他一同工作,因為他具有很強的幽默感.解析：句中動詞appreciate后需要接動名詞作賓語.所以選C>.8.A>題意：他們打算明天找電工給辦公室安裝上一臺電扇.解析：havesb.do意思是找某人做事,注意區(qū)別另一個習慣用法：havesth.done請某人把事做了.9.A>題意：考慮到所有的因素,原計劃的旅行取消了.解析：Allthingsconsidered是獨立主格結構,在句中作狀語.由于主體Allthings和動詞consider之間是被動關系,所以選A>10.D>題意：因為暴風雪天氣,所有的航班都取消了.許多旅客只能乘火車.解析：beusedto習慣于,該詞組中后接動名詞,因為遲到的主體是學生所以用students’being.Allflightshavingbeencanceled同樣是獨立主格結構,在句中作狀語.由于主體Allflights和動詞cancel之間是被動關系所以用被動,同時主句和從句動詞之間又先后關系,主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后,所以用完成時態(tài),選D>.11.B>題意：他的話使我懷疑起他的真正目的.解析：Wondering在句中作賓語補語,由于動詞wonder和主體me之間是主動關系,所以選B>.12.A>題意：我從教師和學生那都聽到他的好話.解析：動詞hear接不帶to的不定式,動詞speak和主體teachersandstudents之間是主動關系,所以選A>.13.C>題意：這種莊稼和從前的那種一樣,特點相似.二者都有抗風和適應同一種類型的土地的特點.解析：句中C>beingbothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil是分詞作定語,修飾thepreviousone.14.B>題意：將要在2000年末完成的項目,將使城市的電話網覆蓋面擴大到一百萬.解析：在這里B>tobeaccomplished是Theproject的定語,由于主體Theproject和動詞accomplish之間是被動關系,所以用被動語態(tài)；又由于動詞accomplish還沒有完成,是將要完成,所以要用不定式,故選B>15.C>題意：你稍后作出決定我不介意,因為時間還來得及.解析：句中動詞mind后需要接動名詞作賓語,又因為delay的主體不是I,而是you,所以選C>yourdelayingmaking.16.D>題意：銷售活動通常在室外進行,觀眾坐在凳子、椅子或盒子上.解析：句中withtheaudienceseatedonbenches,chairsorboxes是獨立主格結構,在句中作狀語.由于動詞seated通常用beseated形式,因此選D>.17.A>題意：調查表明犯罪在警察那沒有記錄,因為并不是所有的受害者都會報案的.解析：在這里A>unrecorded表示主體crimes和動詞unrecord之間是被動關系,所以用被動語態(tài).18.B>題意：我不反對再聽一遍你的故事.解析：動詞object和其同跟名詞objection后需要接to+動名詞,又因為object的主體是I,所以選B>tohearing.19.B>題意：你在哪都可以看到這種產品的廣告.解析：在這里B>advertised是thisproduct的定語,由于主體thisproduct和動詞advertise之間是被動關系,所以用過去分詞,故選B>20.B>題意：彼得開了一天的車建議能再到一個城鎮(zhèn)時停下來休息.解析：句中動詞suggest后需要接動名詞作賓語,所以選B.21.C>題意：考慮到他在成員中的威信,他沒有被任命為委員會主席.解析：句中是分詞短語作原因狀語,動詞consider和主體He之間是被動關系,故要用現在分詞的被動形式.22.A>題意：由于在最近的科學競賽中,三個學生被認為是最優(yōu)秀的而被授予兩萬一千美元的全獎獎學金.解析：在這里分詞短語Judgedthebestinarecentsciencecompetition作原因狀語,由于動詞judge和主體thethrees