Unit1ScienceandScientistsReadingandThinking課件-高中英語人教版選擇性

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSXB211課前候背1.feelfrustrated/?fr?stret?d/感到沮喪2.thecholera/'kɑl?r?/outbreak霍亂的爆發(fā)3.throughthisintervention/??nt?'v?n??n/通過這一干預(yù)4.substantial/s?b'st?n?l/orders大量訂單asubstantialdecrease大幅度減少5.asevere/s?'v?r/teacher一位嚴(yán)厲的教師6.subscribe/s?b'skra?b/regularly定期訂購(gòu)

7.needproof/pruf/需要證據(jù)8.alargehousehold一個(gè)大家庭9.suspect/s??spekt/theevidence懷疑這個(gè)證據(jù)10.blame/blem/himforhismistake由于錯(cuò)誤責(zé)備他11.removethehandle拆掉手柄12.puregold純金13.theuseofstatistics/st?'t?st?ks/

統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的使用Toraisenewquestions,newpossibilities,toregardoldproblemsfromanewangle,requirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvanceinscience.-----AlbertEinstein&LeopoldInfeld提出新的問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)新的可能，從新的角度審視已存在的問題，這些需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性的想象力，并標(biāo)志著科學(xué)的真正進(jìn)步。

1.Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituationsrunnucleicacidtests

getvaccinatedlead-in2.Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics流行病haveyouheardofBird-flu禽流感,malaria瘧疾,plague,瘟疫，鼠疫,Ebola,Smallpox天花3.AnepidemicjustlikecoronavirushitEuropeintheearly19thcentury,doyouknowwhatitisCholera霍亂4.Whatarethesymptoms癥狀

ofCholera？①dehydration/?diha?'dre??n/

缺水②severe嚴(yán)重的vomiting/'vɑm?t/嘔吐③diarrhoea/?da??'ri?/腹瀉Stagesinscientificresearch

DrawaconclusionCollectdata②Askaquestion

Findaproblem

Analysetheresults

Findsupportingevidence

③Thinkofamethod⑦Drawaconclusion④CollectdataAskaquestion

①Findaproblem

⑤Analysetheresults⑥Findsupportingevidence

ThinkofamethodReadthewholetextquicklyandmatchthemainideas.Para.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprovethesecondtheory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow'scontributions.Para.3CholeraJohnSnowIt'soneof______________________intheworld,becauseitcauses_______________________________._____________________(when),anoutbreakofcholerahit________milionsofpeople____________________.Herosetobecome_______________,andeven__________QueenVictoria

whenshegavebirth.JohnSnowbecame___________becausenooneknew_____________________________.However,hehadadesireto______________onceandforall.

themostfeareddiseasesseverediarrhoeaanddehydrationIntheearly19thcenturyEuropediedfromthediseasefrustratedhowtopreventortreatcholeraafamousdoctorattendedtodestroycholera

[1]Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhea腹瀉,dehydration缺水,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herose(risev.變得更加成功)tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.

However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall完全.

①Findaproblem

Twocontradictorytheories

Theoryone:causedby________Theorytwo:causedby_______?badair

germs

Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Q:WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854[2]Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheory

wasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Another

wasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgerms微生物infoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.

Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.②Askaquestion

{3}Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.⑥Findsupportingevidence

⑤Analysetheresults

③Thinkofamethod④Collectdata

⑤Analysetheresultsmultipledeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.PublichouseClue:freebeerfrompublichouseResult:ThewatercamefromtheriverwhichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.adj.數(shù)量多的[4]ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected

bywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.[5]ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwaterandthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.

Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology流行病學(xué).⑦Drawaconclusionpost-reading課文語填Doctorshadtwo①contradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.AndSnow②subscribedtothesecondone—cholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Itwascorrect,buthestill③neededproof.Sohebeganbymarking④onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Snowsuspectedthatthe⑤waterpumpwastoblame.⑥Onceandforall,throughSnow'stirelessefforts,thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawa⑦substantialdecrease.However,chole