備考2024屆高考英語一輪復習講義第一部分過透教材Unit4NaturalDisasters新人教版必修第一冊

Unit4NaturalDisastersNaturaldisasters，likedrought，flood，typhoons，andearthquakes，arebecomingmorefrequentnowadays.Allhavebadeffectsonhumans’life，makingussufferfromterribleinjuriesandseriousdamage.TheTangshanearthquakein1976shockedtheworldthen—about90percentofthehomesinthecityweredestroyed，andelectricitywashardtogetbecausepowerwascutoff.Alargecitylayinruins.Millionsofpeoplewereaffectedandhadtofacedeath.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.Thankfully，150，000soldiersweresenttostartrescuework.Theydugoutthosewhoweretrapped，buriedthedeadandbuiltsheltersforthosewhosurvivedthedisaster.Thetirelesseffortspaidoff.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.Inthisfight，humansshowedgreatcourageandwisdom.Andwhatwelearnedfromthedisasteristokeepfirstaidkitonhandincaseofemergency.Whenadisasterstrikesaplace，it’susuallydifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplieswithinashorttime，butaslongaswestaycalm，positiveandunited，nodisasterwilldefeatus.1affectvt.影響；感動；（疾?。┣忠u；使感染1.Unluckily，hewasaffected（affect）withaseriousillness，whichmadehisparentsdeeplyconcerned.2.Wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestopreventtheareafrombeingaffected（affect）bydrought.3.總的來說，英文報Youth對我有巨大的影響。我經(jīng)常被報紙中數(shù)不清的感人故事深深感動。 （短文投稿）Insummary，theEnglishnewspaperYouthaffectsmegreatly或hasagreateffect/impact/influenceon/uponme.I’moftendeeplyaffectedbycountlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.★beaffectedby...受……影響，被……感動beaffectedwith...感染……疾病★（形近）effectn.效應；結(jié)果；影響；效果★haveaneffect/impact/influenceon/upon對……產(chǎn)生影響2shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.（使）震驚（amaze，surprise，astonish）1.Thisisoneofthemostshocking（shock）weathereventsI’veeverwitnessed.2.Iwasshockedtohear（hear）thenewsthatanearthquakehappenedinSichuanProvince，killingmorethanonehundredpeople.3.EverystaffmemberwasinshockwhenhearingtheywouldtakeatestonSundayinsteadofhavingapicnic.點撥介詞in和許多表示情緒的名詞搭配使用時，可用來描寫人物的心情，如insurprise/amazement（驚訝地），infear/horror（驚恐地）等。4.Peterworkedhardinthecompanyandwonpraisefromhisbossandcolleagues，buthisnamewasonthelay-off（裁員）list.Thisgavehimashock/Thismadehimshocked/Thiswasshockingnewsforhim/Thiscameasashocktohim.（情景續(xù)寫）★comeas/beagreatshocktosb.令某人大為震驚inshock震驚，吃驚★shockedadj.震驚的，驚訝的beshockedat/bysth.對某事感到震驚beshockedtodosth.做某事很震驚★shockingadj.令人震驚的3buryvt.埋葬；安葬1.[譯林選必②－4]Thetimecapsule，buried（bury）50feetbelowthegroundinapark，wasdesignedtobeopenedintheyear6939.2.聽到自己的家人被埋在廢墟之下，他雙手掩面，忍不住哭了出來。（讀后續(xù)寫之情緒描寫）Hearingthathisfamilywereburiedinruins，heburiedhisfaceinhishandsandcouldn’tholdbackhistears.3.Focusingonwhathewasdoing，hedidn’tevennoticeitwasgettingdarkoutside.★beburiedin（doing）sth.＝buryoneselfin（doing）sth.埋頭于，專心于（做）某事buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面beburiedinthought陷入沉思（＝belostinthought）→Buryinghimselfin/Buriedinwhathewasdoing，hedidn’tevennoticeitwasgettingdarkoutside.（用bury改寫畫線部分）4effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力1.[人教必修③－4]Asaresult，space-basedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrow（grow）enoughfoodtofeedEarth’sincreasingpopulation.2.Asaseniorhighschoolstudent，youmustmakeefforts/makeanefforttoimprovethenecessarycommunicationskills（努力提高必要的溝通技巧）anddevelopcriticalandindependentthinking. （建議信）3.We’dbettertryourbesttoprepareourselvesfortomorrowsothatwecanhaveabrightfuture.→We’dbettermakeeveryeffort/sparenoefforttoprepareourselvesfortomorrowsothatwecanhaveabrightfuture.（用effort升級畫線部分）4.學生應該專心學習。畢竟沒有人能毫不費力地通過所有考試。（apply，effort）Studentsaresupposedtoapplythemselvestostudying.Afterall，nobodycanpassalltheexamswithouteffort.點撥applyoneselfto（doing）sth.勤奮工作；努力學習★makeaneffort/effortstodosth.努力去做某事makeeveryefforttodosth.＝sparenoefforttodosth.盡一切努力去做某事★inanefforttodosth.為了做某事withouteffort毫不費力地with（an）effort費勁地5suffervt.遭受，蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦1.Itisshockingtoseethepatientsuffering/sufferfrompovertyanddiseasesandweallwanttodosomethingtohelpthissuffereroutofhissuffering（s）.（suffer）2.Studiesshowthatifpeoplealwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours，theywillhavebackproblemsfromwhichtheywillsufferintherestoftheirlife.點撥本題中，backproblems后面是"介詞＋which"引導的定語從句。sufferfrom"遭受；患病"，是固定搭配，此處介詞from提前了。3.雖然自然災難可能會使我們遭受極大的痛苦，但我堅信只要我們守望相助，必能戰(zhàn)勝災難。 （讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華）Althoughnaturaldisastersmaymakeussuffergreatpains，Ifirmlybelievethatwecanovercomethedisastersthroughhelpingandsupportingeachother.★sufferfrom遭受；患……病sufferpains/defeat/loss遭受痛苦/失敗/損失★sufferingn.疼痛；苦難；痛苦sufferern.受苦者；受難者；患病者6supplyn.供應（量）；補給；[pl.]補給品vt.供應；供給1.Intheearthquake-strickenarea，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodsupplies（supply）.點撥此處表示"運送食物"，supply在此表示"補給品"，通常要用復數(shù)形式。當supply表示"供應，供給"時，為不可數(shù)名詞，如：electricitysupply電力供應，watersupply供水。2.ManyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttoprovidetheirchildrenwiththebesteducation.→①ManyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttosupplytheirchildrenwiththebesteducation/supplythebesteducationtotheirchildren.（supply）→②ManyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttooffertheirchildrenthebesteducation/offerthebesteducationtotheirchildren.（offer）★inshortsupply供應不足★為某人提供某物：supplysb.withsth.＝supplysth.tosb.providesb.withsth.＝providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.7survivevi.生存，存活，繼續(xù)存在vt.幸存；艱難度過1.Aftertheflood，peopleweresufferinginthatarea，whourgentlyneededcleanwater，medicineandshelterforsurvival（survive）.2.Mr.Greenwastheonlysurvivor（survive）intheearthquake.Hetoldushesurvivedonabottleofwater.3.沒有海洋，任何生物都無法生存，包括人類。 （環(huán)境保護）Withouttheocean，nolivingthingswouldsurvive，includinghumans.★survivesth.從……中活下來；幸存于……surviveon依靠……生存AsurviveB（by＋時間）A比B活得長（……）★survivaln.幸存；殘存物survivorn.幸存者8powern.電力供應；能量；力量；控制力3.[人教選必①－4]Scientistshavefoundthatwhenwefeelproudandpowerful，weusuallystraightenuptomakeourselvesbigger.Bycontrast，whenwefeelpowerless，wetendtoslump，makingourselvessmaller.（power）4.如果你有任何問題，盡管來找我。我會竭盡全力幫助你。 （建議信）Ifyouhaveanyproblems，justturntome.I’lldoeverythinginmypowertohelpyou.5.發(fā)生在他朋友身上的事使他驚呆了，他一句話也說不出來。 （讀后續(xù)寫之神態(tài)描寫）★apowercut/failure停電havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力doeverythinginone’spower＝tryone’sbest竭盡全力beyondone’spower某人力所不能及in/withinone’spower在某人能力范圍內(nèi)beinpower執(zhí)政（強調(diào)狀態(tài)）cometopower開始掌權/執(zhí)政（強調(diào)動作）★powerfuladj.強健的；強有力的powerlessadj.無影響力的，無能為力的Hewassoshockedbywhathappenedtohisfriendsthathelostthepowerofspeech.9asif/asthough仿佛，好像，似乎1.[譯林選必①－3]Whenyoulookatthepainting，itisasifyouwere（be）abouttocrossthebridgeandenteranotherworld.2.[外研選必②－3]Childhoodmemoriescamebacktomesoclearly，asiftheeventshadhappened（happen）onlyyesterday.3.Iwasdominatedbyanoverwhelmingsenseofexcitementandprideathiswords，andmyfeet，asifrooted（root）totheground，couldn’tmoveabit. （讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫）點撥asif/asthough引導狀語從句時，若主從句主語一致，且從句謂語為be動詞，那么從句的主語和be動詞可以省略，構成"asif/asthough＋形容詞/名詞/介詞短語/分詞/不定式"。本題中，asif引導的完整從句為：asifmyfeetwererootedtotheground。4.她緊張地捂住張大的嘴巴，覺得心好像要跳出來了。 （讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫）Shenervouslycoveredherwide-openedmouth，feelingasif/asthoughherheartwouldjumpout.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）★asif/asthough既可引導方式狀語從句，也可位于seem，look等系動詞后引導表語從句?！锶鬭sif/asthough從句描述非現(xiàn)實情況，則用虛擬語氣：·與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句謂語用一般過去時（be動詞用were）；·與過去事實相反，從句謂語用過去完成時；·與將來事實相反，從句謂語用"would/could/might/should＋動詞原形"。10bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，這時突然……1.Theoldwomanwaswalking（walk）cautiouslyontheicypavementwhenherfeetslippedandshe