Unit+4+Natural+Disasters+Discovering+useful+structures+定語從句課件【高效課堂精研】高中英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊

RelativeClause3.復雜句（簡稱復句）ComplexSentence一個句子中有其他句子在該句中充當成分，則整個句子為復雜句，即句子中有句子Whathesaidisnottrue.Thestudentswouldhavemadebettergradesiftheyhadstudiedhard.語法系統(tǒng)構建1.簡單句SimpleSentence指只包含一個主謂結構的句子Thestudentshavemadebettergradesinthepastfewyears.英語中有四種句子2.并列句CompoundSentence指兩個及兩個以上簡單句由并列連詞and,or,but，so等并列連詞構成的句子Thestudentsstudiedhardandtheymadebettergrades.4.并列復雜句Compound-complexSentence并列句+復雜句Theywatchedtelevisionandenjoyedthemselves,butwecouldn’tseetheprogrambecauseourtelevisionwasbroken.

目錄CONTENTS1234什么是定語從句/關系從句/形容詞從句關系從句的分類關系從句的書寫重難點WhatWhatHowDifficultandkeypoints復雜句（簡稱復句）ComplexSentence一個句子中有其他句子在該句中充當成分，則整個句子為復雜句，即句子中有句子如果將一個句子改造成名詞、形容詞或副詞類，放到另一句中使用，就稱為從屬從句，另一句則為主要從句Relativeclause有關系的從句主句和從句是相對的概念；主句就是一個復雜句中主要的部分；從句就是從屬于主句的部分，也就是次要的部分復雜句=主句+從句一個從句在整個句子中充當名詞，則該從句為名詞從句一個從句在整個句子中充當形容詞，則該從句為形容詞從句，也就是關系從句一個從句在整個句子中充當副詞，則該從句為副詞從句，也就是狀語從句一.WhatisrelativeclauseDrill判斷一下哪些句子中有形容詞從句(定語從句/關系從句)We’llbuildapowerstationwherewaterresourcesareplentiful.Asitisraining,youhavetotakeataxi.AnybodycanexplainthiswhoknowsEnglishgrammar.Helisteningattentivelysothathemightnotmissasingleword.Myuncleisamanwhobelievesindiscipline(守紀).Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Johnisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.Whetherhewilljoinuswon’tmaketoomuchdifference.Iknowthatyouareright.名詞從句名詞從句副詞從句/狀語從句副詞從句/狀語從句形容詞從句/關系從句？副詞從句/狀語從句？形容詞從句/關系從句形容詞從句/關系從句形容詞從句/關系從句形容詞從句/關系從句一.WhatisrelativeclauseRelativeclause有關系的從句Functions補充解釋說明指示指代揭露某種關系？二.Howtoclassify(分類)relativeclause分類需要標準Definition：關系從句是由關系詞引導的從句叫關系從句關系代詞：who,whom,which,whose,that,as①關系代詞②關系副詞關系副詞：when,where,why關系代詞的關系副詞間有什么區(qū)別？關系代詞間又還有什么區(qū)別？三.Howtowritearelativeclause書寫關系從句的三個步驟：兩個句子要有overlap把交叉點改寫為關系詞的拼法(wh-)，放置句首讓它產(chǎn)生連接詞的功能將關系從句附于主要從句的交叉點后來修飾它(當形容詞使用)Themanismyuncle.Hewasherejustnow.overlap代名詞關系代名詞he(she,they)Whohim(her,them)Whomit(they)Whichhis(her,their,its)whosewhoThemanwhowasherejustnow

ismyuncle.有關關系代詞的關系從句書寫Drill將下列句子改寫為關系從句Thismanismyuncle.Yousawhimjustnow.Thebuswasthelastonetoday.Thebushasjustleft.Theroomismine.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.BeijingisalsoaplaceBeijingwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife.InancientChinalivedanartistTheartist’spaintingswerealmostlifelike.Theman(whomyousawjustnow)ismyuncleThebus(whichhasjustleft)wasthelastonetoday.(Theroom’swindowfacessouth.)Theroom(whosewindowfacessouth)ismine.Beijingisalsoaplace(whichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife).InancientChinalivedanartist(whosepaintingswerealmostlifelike).三.Howtowritearelativeclause關系代詞間的區(qū)別+兩種特殊的關系代詞who,whom,which,whose+that,asWho——指人替代從句中的主語或主語Whom——指人替代從句中的賓語Whose——指人和物所有格，xxx的，=xxx’swhich——指物替代主語或賓語that——指人和物常與who或which互換，注意點較多as常見于詞組和開頭AnybodycanexplainthiswhoknowsEnglish.Ihavethreesisters,allofwhomaredoctors.將下列復雜句拆分為兩個簡單句Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor,whose

viewsarewidelyrespected.詳細見難點Asyoucansee,……Assomebodysaid,……suchasthesameas三.Howtowritearelativeclause書寫關系從句的三個步驟：兩個句子要有overlap把交叉點改寫為關系詞的拼法(wh-)，放置句首讓它產(chǎn)生連接詞的功能將關系從句附于主要從句的交叉點后來修飾它(當形容詞使用)Iwillneverforgetthetime.WevisitedXi’anthen.overlapwhenIwillneverforgetthetimewhenwevisitedXi’an.副詞關系副詞thenwhentherewhereforareasonwhy請思考另一種改法！Iwillneverforgetthetime.WevisitedXi’anat

thattime.whichIwillneverforgetthetimeatwhichwevisitedXi’an.有關關系副詞的關系從句書寫將下列句子改寫為關系從句(兩種改法)HewasborninJune.HisfatherdiedinJune.HewasborninJune(inwhich/whenhisfatherdied).Iwentbacktothetown.Myfatherwasbornthere.Iwentbacktothetown(wheremyfatherwasborn).Ihaveforgottenthereason.Icalledyouforareason.Ihaveforgottenthereason(whyIcalledyou).We’llbuildapowerstationWaterresourcesareplentifulthere.We’llbuildapowerstation(wherewaterresourcesareplentiful).Chinafirsthadtoputasatellite(衛(wèi)星)inorbitabovethemooninaspot.Itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraft(太空船)andtoEarth.ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Drilland可以嗎?三.Howtowritearelativeclause關系副詞的延伸Wehavereacheda

point_______

achangeisneededThereare

somecases

_______

theword

“mighty”

isusedas

anadverb.Hegotintoa

situation

_______

itishardtodecide

whatisrightandwrong.Shewantsa

job

_______

hermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.Thisisnotan

occasion

forlaughter,

_______

youmust

takethingsseriously.

副詞關系副詞thenwhentherewhereforareasonwhy補充：先行詞為case，condition，situation，position，point，stage，occasion等表示情況、方面、處境等抽象地點名詞時，關系副詞用wherewherewherewherewherewhere難點一，關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇四.KeyanddifficultpointsReview語法回顧英語五種基本句式結構主+動主+動+賓主+動+補(主+系+表)主+動+賓+補主+動+賓+賓關系從句中，除去關系詞，剩下部分缺少以上句式結構成分，那么可以說這不是一個完整的句子。在關系從句中，往往是主語或者賓語(少數(shù)情況是補語)缺少，這種情況下則需要關系代詞；若不缺少成為則需要關系副詞句子中有關系從句關系從句是否為完整的句子輸出關系代詞輸出關系副詞否是whowhomthatwhichthatwhoseas人，物，所有格whywherewhen原因，地點，時間關鍵在于關系從句中是否為完整的句子。若不是，則用關系代詞；若是，則用關系副詞什么是完整的句子？難點二，that和which的選擇四.KeyanddifficultpointsWhatarethefunctionsofrelativeclauses?Manisananimalthatiscapableofreason.Manisananimalwhichiscapableofreason.人類是一個動物，這種動物具有理性思考的能力。人類是具有理性思考能力的動物人類是一個動物。怎么樣的動物呢？噢！是一個有理性思考能力的動物。Whichoneisbetter?主句中的先行詞ananimal本來可以代表任何一種動物，范圍極大。后面加上一個條件：theanimaliscapableofreason(有理性能力的那種)，明確指出哪種動物才能算人，具有指示的功能。所以關系詞可以選擇不用which而借用that。Arelativeclauseisaclausethatisguidedbyarelativeword.that與which毫無二致嗎？whichthatFunctions補充解釋說明指示指代that原意就是“那個”的意思，所以that偏向“指示功能”也是很好理解的Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou.All_____Iwantispeaceandquiet.Heisthecleverestman_____evertaughtinourschool.Newtonwasoneofthegreatestmen_____everlived.Anyboy_____wantstosucceedmustworkhard.AskMr.green,oranyotherperson_____islikelytoknow.Hetalkedaboutthemanandthebooks_____interestedhim.Heisnottheman_____heusedtobe.四.Keyanddifficultpoints只用that不用which的情況難點二，that和which的選擇1.有不定代詞(something,anything,all…)2.有最高級3.有only,all,any,very等限定詞4.先行詞為人和物5.先行詞作表語thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat四.Keyanddifficultpoints難點二，that和which的選擇主要區(qū)別在于，前者不能用逗號隔開，后者可以用逗號隔開。實質上區(qū)別在于先行詞與關系從句間的松散關系的程度。先行詞與限制性關系從句間的關系較為緊密，先行詞與非限制性關系從句間的關系較為松散。非限制性關系從句關系松散往往用逗號來停頓，為“補充解釋說明”做準備which,

who……Definition:Arelativeclauseisaclausethatisguidedbyarelativeword.關系代詞引導的關系從句關系副詞引導的關系從句Review語法回顧為什么總說逗號后不能用that，往往用which；或者說非限制性關系從句有逗號？Anotherclassification:限制性關系從句非限制性關系從句請大家在思考一下，用that引導和用which引導相比，哪一個關系代詞更能夠體現(xiàn)先行詞與關系從句間緊密聯(lián)系呢？限制性關系從句that的指示功能更能夠體現(xiàn)“關系緊密”that關系緊密四.Keyanddifficultpoints關系代詞在從句中做賓語或補語時，可以省略關系副詞when,where,why可以在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy結構引導的關系從句中，在非正式語體下，通常省略when和why難點三，關系詞的省略TomisnottheboyIgavetheticketsto.ThestrangerIspokeofcameagain.Heisnotthemanheusedtobe.Thenight(when)theearthdidn’tsleepIshallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.Thereason(why)hecamesoearlyishisownaffair.Theway_____youanswe