中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解提分要義-填表型閱讀

（5）填表型閱讀——中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解提分要義提分要點(diǎn)Step1先表后文,學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)?！跋缺砗笪摹敝赶茸x表格，了解表格的內(nèi)容和要求再根據(jù)表格的內(nèi)容和要求快速閱讀短文，這樣會(huì)使閱讀帶有較強(qiáng)的目的性和針對(duì)性。Step2抓住大意，把握細(xì)節(jié)弄懂大意，充分把握所讀材料的細(xì)節(jié)，尤其是與表格內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)。Step3分類整理，善于歸納對(duì)所讀材料進(jìn)行整理、分類，過(guò)濾出自己所需要的有用信息。通常情況下，表格所涉及的內(nèi)容都具有一定的規(guī)律性，可能是同一個(gè)問(wèn)題的幾個(gè)不同方面，也可能是幾個(gè)不同問(wèn)題的同一方面，或是幾個(gè)不同問(wèn)題的不同方面等。比如涉及幾項(xiàng)活動(dòng)舉行的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。Step4尋找出處，對(duì)號(hào)入座每空的所填內(nèi)容一般可從給出的材料中找到出處或依據(jù)，在做題時(shí)要充分利用這一特點(diǎn)，將“空格”與“出處”對(duì)號(hào)入座，然后根據(jù)表格中已有信息的表現(xiàn)形式，準(zhǔn)確填出所缺內(nèi)容。同時(shí)，值得注意的是，如果表格所填信息與原文中的“出處”基本相同，則可直接對(duì)號(hào)入座;如果表格信息與原文中的“出處”有較大出入，則要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換。Step5注意形式的變化表格中所填詞的形式（大小寫、時(shí)態(tài)等）應(yīng)與表格中所提供的內(nèi)容一致。提分訓(xùn)練一、①________ThemostunusualmuseuminLondonistheSciencemuseum.Inmostmuseumthere’snoshoutingandnorunning,andpeoplearen’tallowedtotouchtheexhibits(設(shè)品).ButtheScienceMuseumisdifferent.It’snoisy!Peoplecantalkaboutwhattheywillseeanddothere,andsomeofthemachinesarenoisyaswell.②________WhenIvisittheScienceMuseum,lgototheLaunchpad(發(fā)射臺(tái)).Thisisthemostpopularroombecausetherearelotsofphysicstests,Wecanalsolearnhowastronautstravelintospaceandbackagainhere.I’mreallyinterestedinthosekindsofthings,soitismyfavoriteroom.③________OnthesecondfloorthereisHumanandNatureroom.Wecancompareourseedwithanimalsthere.Ifwearen'tquickenough,thelionwillcatchus!Therearealsoroomsontransport,theenvironmentandspacetechnology,aswellasmath,physicsandchemistry.④________Wecandoalotofthingsinthismuseum,butwehavetoobeysomerulesaswell.Forexample,wemustn'ttakephotosoftheexhibitsinthemuseum.Butwecanbuypostcardsoftheminthemuseumshops.⑤________Mostimportantofall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Thatmeanswecandropbyforafewminutesorwecanstayaslongaswelike--it'sopenfrom10:00a.m.to6:00p.m.everydayexceptMonday.SoifyougotoLondon,makesureyouvisittheScienceMuseum.It'smyfavoritemuseuminthewholeworld.1.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選出每段的主旨大意。A.ThemuseumrulesB.ThemostpopularroomC.AnoisymuseumD.ManydifferentroomsE.Afreemuseum2.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成博物館游客須知。(每空不超過(guò)兩個(gè)詞)TheScienceMuseumin①_______________Openingtimes:10:00a.m.-6:00p.m.everydayexcept②_____________.Fees(費(fèi)用):It's③_____________!Stayinsideaslongasyoulike!Rules:Don't④_____________oftheexhibits.Youcanbuypostcardsofthem.Youcan⑤______________whatyouseeanddo.Don'tworryaboutmakingnoises.二、Wukong.Tiangong.Tianwen.DoyouknowwherethenamesofChinesespaceprogramscomefrom?Wukong,theDarkMatterParticleExplorersatellite(暗物質(zhì)粒子探測(cè)衛(wèi)星),isnamedafterChinesesuperheroMonkeyKing.AccordingtoJourneytothewest,MonkeyKinghasapairofsharpeyeswhichcantellthedifferencebetweengoodandevil.TheWukongsatelliteisjustassharp-eyedasMonkeyKingtohelpscientistssearchfordarkmatterinspace.Thenameofthespacestation,Tiangong,means"HeavenlyPalace".InChinesemyths(神話),thisisthehomeofTianDi.NowTiangongSpaceStationisahomeforChineseastronautsinspace.AndChinawelcomesforeignastronautstoTiangonginorderthattheycanworktogether.Tianwen,China'sMarsmissions(任務(wù)),getsitsnamefromthepoemTianwenbyQuYuan.QuYuanisawell-knownpoetfromancientChina.InTiamwen,hehadthequestionsaboutthesky,stars,nature,mythsandtherealworld,showinghishungerfortruth.PerhapstheTianwenmissionswillendupansweringsomeofQuYuan'squestions.IfyoulookintomorenamesofChinesespaceprograms,youwillfindthattheyallhavebeautifulmeanings.We,theChinesepeople,havealong-cherished(珍藏已久的)spacedream.SoitisserioustotakethenamingofChinesespaceprograms.WhatBeautiful①_____Wukong◆ItisnamedafterChinesesuperheroMonkeyKing.◆TheWukongsatelliteisjustassharp-eyedasMonkeyKingtohelpscientists②_____fordarkmatterinspace.Tiangong◆Itmeans"HeavenlyPalace"◆TiangongSpaceStationisahomeforChineseastronautsinspace.◆Wehopethatastronautsfromother③_____willworktogetherwithusinTiangongSpaceStation.Tianwen◆ItgetsitsnamefromthepoemTiamwenbyQuYuan.◆PerhapstheTianwenmissionswillhelptofindoutthe④_____tosomeofQuYuan'squestionsaboutthesky,stars,nature,mythsandtherealworld.Chinesepeoplehavealong-cherishedspacedream.SothenamingofChinesespaceprogramsistakenvery⑤_____.三、Animalsplaysomanyimportantrolesinourlives.Some,likecowsandsheep,provideuswithfood;petsareourfriends;otheranimalsworkforus.Aboveall,everyanimal—bigorsmall—canfilluswithasenseofthewonderofthenaturalworld.Unluckily,wedon'talwaysvaluethis.Manyanimalsareendangeredbecauseofouractions,andmillionsofanimalsintheworldarebadlytreated.WorldAnimalDayremindsus,atleastforonedayayear,"tocelebrateanimallifeinallitsforms"and"tobethankfulforthewayinwhichanimalsenrich(使豐富)ourlives."WorldAnimalDaywasstartedin1931inFlorence,Italy.Itmadeuspayattentiontotheproblemofendangeredanimalsaroundtheworld.Itisnowcelebratedinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.ThedayfallsonOctober4theveryyear.Allovertheworldonthisday,volunteersraisemoneyforanimalcentersandsocialorganizations.Museumsandzoosorganizespecialevents.Schoolshavealsojoinedanimalprojects.Nomatterwhatisdone,theideaistoremindusoftheimportanceofanimalsandtoshowushowwecouldimproveourrelationshipwithanimals.Ifyouwanttotakepart,youcouldhelpananimalororganizeamoney-raisingeventforalocalcharity.Theimportantthingisjusttakinganactivepart.Weshouldofferanimalsasmuchastheyofferus.Animalsareimportantinourlives.Theyofferus①_____,friendship,helpandasenseofthewonderofthenaturalworld.However,ouractionsmakemanykindsofanimalsindanger,andwetreatmillionsofanimals②_____.WorldAnimalDayremindsustobethankfultoanimals.Itwasstartedin1931todrawpeople'sattentiontothe③_____ofendangeredanimals.NowWorldAnimalDayiscelebratedonOctober4theveryyear.Onthisday,manyactivitiesareheldto④_____howtoimprovetherelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals.Solet'sjustbe⑤_____totakepartandofferanimalsasmuchastheyofferus.四、Whenthefirstpersonlookeduptothesky,people'simaginationofspacebegan.InChina,therearemanystoriesabouttheexploration(探索)ofspace.Thousandsofyearsago,therewasaladynamedChang'ethatflewtotheMoonandlivedtherewitharabbit.It'sjustastoryinmyths(神話).IntheMingDynasty,amannamedWanHuusedamachinewhichwasmadeofachair,somefireworksandakiteasarockettoflytospacebutfailed.Hewasconsideredasthefirsthumanthattriedtoexplorespace.Ourexplorationofspaceneverstoppeduntilitbecamearealityinmoderntimes.Withoutdoubt,Chinesespacetechnologyhasmadegreatprogress.In2003,whenShenzhouVsetoffsuccessfully,YangLiwei'swords"Iamproudofourmotherland"broughttearstooureyes.CarryingtheflyingdreamoftheChinesenationforthousandsofyears,asthefirstspacevisitorofChina,hestartedtheSpaceAgefortheChinese.In2008,ZhaiZhiganginShenzhouVIIhadthefirstChinesespacewalk,"Iamoutofthecapsule(太空艙),andIfeelgood,"hetoldtheworldproudly.Inthenextyears,Chinakeptmakingitswayinordertostepfurtheronexploringspace.Especiallyintherecentyears,ChinahassentupShenzhouXIandShenzhouXV.Sixastronautshavebeensenttospacewithtwowomenincluded.OnMay30,2023,JingHaipeng,ZhuYangzhuandGuiHaichaoinShenzhouXVIweresentintospacesuccessfully.From2003to2023,Chinesepeoplegofartherandfartherinspace,Inthenearfuture,ChinawillsendastronautstotheMoonandexploretheMoon.StoriesaboutChina's①_____ThousandsofyearsagoChang'eflewtotheMooninmyths.IntheMingDynastyWanHumadeamachineandtriedtoexplorespace.In2003YangLiweistarted②_____fortheChinese.In2008ZhaiZhiganghadthefirstChinesespacewalk.InthenextyearsWeChinesepeoplekeptmakingourway③_____wecouldstepfurtheronexploringspace.On④_____ChinasentShenzhouXVIintospacesuccessfully.InthefutureChineseastronauts⑤_____totheMoon.五、Itiseasytoknowifapersonisresting,butdofishrest?Theansweris"Yes".Doyouwanttoknowifafishisresting?Herearesomeways.?WatchwhatafishisdoingFishmaynotlookliketheyareresting,buttheydohavetheirownwaysofgettingsomerest.Mostfishwillslowdownwhiletheyareresting.Somefishmoveatthebottomofthewater.SomemoveslowlynearthetopofthewaterYoucanknowsomefisharerestingbecausetheystayinoneplace.However,otherfishneverseemtostopmoving.Forexample,somesharkskeepswimmingsothattheycanbreatheinthewater.Althoughthesesharksarealwaysswimming,theymaystillberesting.Theyhaveaspecialorganintheirbodies.Itallowsthemtokeeptheirbodiesmovingwhiletheyareresting.?Watchhowafishreacts(作出反應(yīng))tothingsWhenafishisresting,itwillreactmuchmoreslowly.Ifyouhaveapetfishathome,trygivingyoufishsomefoodwhenitisresting.Thefishwillspendmoretimenoticingthefoodthanitdoeswhenstayingawake.Title:①___________②___________Mostfishwillslowdownwhileresting.Whensomefishareresting,theystayinoneplace.Otherfishneverseemtostopmoving.Somesharkskeepswimminginorderto③___________.Thesharksarealwaysswimming,④___________theymaystillberesting.WatchhowafishreactstothingsWhenafishisresting,itsreaction(反應(yīng)）willbe⑤___________.Whenafishisresting,itwillspendmoretimenoticingthefoodthanitdoeswhenstayingawake.六、Withahistoryofmorethan1,000years,tie-dye（扎染）isaveryoldwayofdyeingclothesinChina,mostpopularinYunnan.DuringtheTangandSongdynasties,peoplegavetie-dyedclothestotheemperorsasgifts.In2006,thetie-dyetechniquewasaddedtoChina'snationalintangibleculturalheritage（非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)）list.AnninginYunnanisknownfortie-dye.YangCheng,52,istheinheritor（傳承人）oftie-dyeinAnning.Helearnedtheskillsfromhismotherinthe1980s.Andhehaspasseditdowntohisdaughter."Tie-dyeisworthyoftheeffortsofgenerations（代）ofpeople,"Yangsaid.Yanghasmasteredalltheoldskillsoftie-dye.Totie-dye,youfirstneedtousethreads（線）totieyourclothtogether.Thenyouputtheclothintothedye.Astheclothisfoldedanddyed,somepartsbecomedarkblue,whileotherpartshaveabrightercolor.Whenyouunfoldthecloth,you'llseebeautifulpatterns.Atthesametime,Yanghasstudiedtie-dyeinothercountries,suchasJapan,IndiaandFrance.Healsotriestomakesomecreativedesigns.Now,Yangteachestie-dyeinschools,communitiesandcompanies.Morethan100,000peoplehavelearnedfromhim.Somemightworrythattie-dyewillbereplacedbymachinerydyeing.ButYangisconfident."Attheendoftheday,machinescan'treplaceourcreativehands."Yangsaid.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________

答案以及解析一、1.答案：CBDAE解析：①主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"ThemostunusualmuseuminLondonistheScienceMuseum.Inmostmuseums,there'snoshoutingandnorunning,andpeoplearen'tallowedtotouchtheexhibits（陳設(shè)品）.ButtheScienceMuseumisdifferent.It'snoisy"可知倫敦最不尋常的博物館是科學(xué)博物館。在大多數(shù)博物館里，沒有喊叫和奔跑，人們也不允許觸摸展品（陳設(shè)品）。但是科學(xué)博物館不同，非常的吵鬧，所以答案選C。②主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句"WhenIvisittheScienceMuseum,IgototheLaunchpad（發(fā)射臺(tái)）.Thisisthemostpopularroombecausetherearelotsofphysicstests.Wecanalsolearnhowastronautstravelintospaceandbackagainhere."可知當(dāng)我參觀科學(xué)博物館時(shí)，我會(huì)去發(fā)射臺(tái)。這是最受歡迎的房間，因?yàn)橛泻芏辔锢頊y(cè)試。我們還可以了解宇航員是如何進(jìn)入太空并再次回到這里的。所以是最受歡迎的房間，所以答案選B。③主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句"Therearealsoroomsontransport,theenvironmentandspacetechnology,aswellasmath,physicsandchemistry."可知還有關(guān)于交通、環(huán)境和空間技術(shù)以及數(shù)學(xué)、物理和化學(xué)的房間。所以本段是介紹了很多不同的房間，所以答案選D。④主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第一句"Wecandoalotofthingsinthismuseum，butwehavetoobeysomerulesaswell."可知我們可以在這個(gè)博物館做很多事情，但是我們也必須遵守一些規(guī)則。所以本段是在介紹博物館的規(guī)矩，所以答案選A。⑤主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Mostimportantofall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Thatmeanswecandropbyforafewminutesorwecanstayaslongaswelike——it'sopenfrom10:00a.m.to6:00p.m."可知最重要的是，科學(xué)博物館是免費(fèi)的。這意味著我們可以順道拜訪幾分鐘，或者我們可以想待多久就待多久——從上午10:00到下午6:00營(yíng)業(yè)。所以本段是在說(shuō)博物館免費(fèi)，所以答案選E。2.答案：①London②Monday③free④Takephotos/pictures⑤talkabout/discuss解析：①細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"ThemostunusualmuseuminLondonistheScienceMuseum.Inmostmuseums,there'snoshoutingandnorunning,andpeoplearen'tallowedtotouchtheexhibits（陳設(shè)品）"可知倫敦最不尋常的博物館是科學(xué)博物館。在大多數(shù)博物館里，沒有喊叫和奔跑，人們也不允許觸摸展品（陳設(shè)品）。所以答案為L(zhǎng)ondon。②細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句"Mostimportantofall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Thatmeanswecandropbyforafewminutesorwecanstayaslongaswelike——it'sopenfrom10:00a.m.to6:00p.m.everydayexceptMonday"可知最重要的是，科學(xué)博物館是免費(fèi)的。這意味著我們可以順道拜訪幾分鐘，或者我們可以想待多久就待多久——除了星期一，每天早上10:00到下午6:00營(yíng)業(yè)，所以答案為Monday。③細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句"Mostimportantofall,theScienceMuseumisfree.Thatmeanswecandropbyforafewminutesorwecanstayaslongaswelike——it'sopenfrom10:00a.m.to6:00p.m.everydayexceptMonday"可知最重要的是，科學(xué)博物館是免費(fèi)的。這意味著我們可以順道拜訪幾分鐘，或者我們可以想待多久就待多久——除了星期一，每天早上10:00到下午6:00營(yíng)業(yè)，所以答案為free。④細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句"Forexample,wemustn'ttakephotosoftheexhibitsinthemuseum.Butwecanbuypostcardsoftheminthemuseumshops."可知例如，我們不能給博物館的展品拍照。但是我們可以在博物館商店買到它們的明信片。所以答案為Takephotos/pictures。⑤細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"ButtheScienceMuseumisdifferent.It'snoisy！Peoplecantalkaboutwhattheywillseeanddothere,andsomeofthemachinesarenoisyaswell."可知但是科學(xué)博物館不同。很吵鬧，人們可以談?wù)撍麄儗⒃谀抢锟吹绞裁春妥鍪裁矗恍C(jī)器也很吵。所以答案為talkabout/discuss。二、答案：①Names②search③countries④answers⑤seriously解析：①根據(jù)"DoyouknowwherethenamesofChinesespaceprogramscomefrom"可知本文主要介紹了中國(guó)太空計(jì)劃的名字的由來(lái)，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)names，且大寫首字母。故填Names。②根據(jù)"TheWukongsatelliteisjustassharp-eyedasMonkeyKingtohelpscientistssearchfordarkmatterinspace"可知悟空衛(wèi)星和孫悟空一樣敏銳，幫助科學(xué)家在太空中尋找暗物質(zhì)，故填search。③根據(jù)"AndChinawelcomesforeignastronautstoTiangonginorderthattheycanworktogether."可知中國(guó)歡迎外國(guó)宇航員來(lái)到天宮，以便他們能夠一起工作，即來(lái)自其他國(guó)家的宇航員，country"國(guó)家"，other后加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填countries。④根據(jù)"PerhapstheTianwenmissionswillendupansweringsomeofQuYuan'squestions."可知天問(wèn)任務(wù)最終會(huì)回答屈原的一些問(wèn)題，即找到問(wèn)題的答案，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)answers。故填answers。⑤根據(jù)"SoitisserioustotakethenamingofChinesespaceprograms."可知認(rèn)真對(duì)待中國(guó)太空計(jì)劃的命名問(wèn)題是非常重要的，takesth.seriously"認(rèn)真對(duì)待"。故填seriously。三、答案：①food②badly③problem④show⑤active解析：①本題考查名詞。此處對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段中的"Some...provideuswithfood;petsareourfriends;otheranimalsworkforus.Aboveall,everyanimal...canfilluswithasenseofthewonderofthenaturalworld"。設(shè)空處作動(dòng)詞offer的直接賓語(yǔ)，故填名詞food。②本題考查副詞。此處對(duì)應(yīng)原文第二段中的"Manyanimalsareendangeredbecauseofouractions,andmillionsofanimalsintheworldarebadlytreated"。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞treat,應(yīng)用副詞，故填badly。③本題考查名詞。此處對(duì)應(yīng)原文第三段中的"Itmadeuspayattentiontotheproblemofendangeredanimalsaroundtheworld"。設(shè)空處作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，且其前有冠詞修飾，應(yīng)用名詞，故填problem。④本題考查動(dòng)詞。此處對(duì)應(yīng)原文第四段中的"theideais...toshowushowwecouldimproveourrelationshipwithanimals"。設(shè)空前的to為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，其后應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，故填show。⑤本題考查形容詞。此處對(duì)應(yīng)原文第五段中的"Theimportantthingisjusttakinganactivepart"。設(shè)空處位于be后且其前無(wú)冠詞，可填形容詞，此處表示"積極"參與，故填active。四、答案：①explorationofspace②theSpaceAge③sothat④May30,2023⑤willbesent解析：①根據(jù)"InChina,therearemanystoriesabouttheexploration(探索)ofspace."可知，講述中國(guó)關(guān)于太空探索的故事。故填explorationofspace。②根據(jù)"CarryingtheflyingdreamoftheChinesenationforthousandsofyears,asthefirstspacevisitorofChina,hestartedtheSpaceAgefortheChinese."可知，他承載著中華民族幾千年的飛行夢(mèng)想，作為中國(guó)第一位太空訪客，開啟了中國(guó)人的太空時(shí)代。故填theSpaceAge。③根據(jù)"Inthenextyears,Chinakeptmakingitswayinordertostepfurtheronexploringspace."可知，在接下來(lái)的幾年里，中國(guó)為了進(jìn)一步探索太空而不斷前進(jìn)。inordertodo可替換為sothat+從句，故填sothat。④根據(jù)"OnMay30,2023,JingHaipeng