閱讀理解原題積累（1）講義高考英語(yǔ)二輪閱讀理解專題復(fù)習(xí)

2024年備戰(zhàn)高考二輪閱讀理解全國(guó)優(yōu)秀模擬題閱讀理解原題素材主題詞匯搭配積累專題{舉一反三總結(jié)該主題下可能會(huì)在不同的閱讀情景遇到的詞匯及詞組搭配，積累下來(lái)方便在其他類似主題的閱讀中能快速閱讀，減少遇到的閱讀主題詞匯詞組搭配障礙，亦可在類似主題寫作情景中運(yùn)用}【第一篇】（2024年惠州市華羅庚中學(xué)?？糄篇）Nexttimeyouraiseaneyebrow(眉毛)attheviewsofyourfriend,brother,sisterorcolleague,remembertheycouldbehelpingtomakeyousmarter.Newresearchshowsthatintelligenceisnotfixedbutcanbeimprovedthroughoutadulthoodbyfamilymembers,brightmatesandintellectuallychallengingcareers.Thestudychallengesthemonlyheldbeliefthatintelligenceisfixedbytheageofabout18.Scientificconsensus(共識(shí))suggestsintelligenceiscontrolledbygenes,withenvironmentalfactorssuchasschoolingandnutritionplayingapartuptothisage.Afterthispoint,IQscoresbeesteady.ButJamesFlynn,professorattheUniversityofOtagoinNewZealand,arguesthatpeoplecan“upgrade”theirintelligencethroughouttheirlives.Hebelievesintellectualstimulation(刺激)fromotherpeopleisimportantasthe“brainseemstoberatherlikeamusclethemoreyouuseit,thestrongeritgets”.However,theoppositeisalsotruesopeoplewhoshareahomeorworkplacewiththeirintellectuallychallengedriskseeingtheirIQlevel

nosedive

asaresult.ProfessorFlynnanalysedUSintelligencetestsfromthelast65yearsandcreatednewIQ“agetables“.HefoundabrighttenyearoldwithbrothersandsistersofaverageintelligencewillsufferafivetotenpointIQdisadvantageparedtoasimilarchildwithequalitybrightbrothersandsisters.However,childrenwithalowIQcouldgetsixtoeightpointsbyhavingbrighterbrothersandsistersandspecialeducationaltreatmenttohelppullthemup.ProfessorFlynnconcludedthatalthoughgeneticsandearlylifeexperiencesdetermineabout80%ofintelligence,theremaining20%islinkedtolifestyle.ThismeanspeoplecanraisetheirIQ,orallowittofall,bytenpointsormore.HesuggeststhebestwaytoimproveIQlevelsistosocialisewithbrightfriends,andfindanintellectuallychallengingjob.【詞匯】1.Intelligence智力2.Fixed固定的3.Adulthood成年期4.Environment環(huán)境5.Genetics遺傳學(xué)6.Upbringing撫養(yǎng)7.Consensus共識(shí)8.Steady穩(wěn)定的9.Upgrade升級(jí)10.Stimulation刺激11.Intellectual知識(shí)分子的12.Challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的13.Nosedive急劇下降14.Disadvantage不利條件15.Educationaltreatment教育治療16.Genetics遺傳學(xué)17.Earlylifeexperiences早年經(jīng)歷18.Lifestyle生活方式19.Socialize社交20.Bright聰明的21.IQlevel智商水平22.Specialized專業(yè)的23.Analysis分析24.Advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)25.Disadvantage劣勢(shì)26.Conclusion結(jié)論27.Determine決定28.Remain保持29.Link關(guān)聯(lián)30.Raise提高31.Fall下降32.Socialize社交33.Interactive互動(dòng)的34.Cognitive認(rèn)知的35.Development發(fā)展36.Engagement參與37.Mentalagility心智敏捷38.Acquire獲得39.Criticalthinking批判性思維40.Problemsolving解決問(wèn)題41.Curiosity好奇心42.Exploration探索43.Versatile多才多藝的44.Empirical經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的45.Epistemological認(rèn)識(shí)論的46.Perspicacious睿智的47.Erudite博學(xué)的48.Sagacious明智的49.Astute機(jī)敏的50.Pedagogical教育的【詞組搭配】1.Intelligencequotient(IQ)智商2.Geneticpredisposition遺傳傾向3.Environmentalfactors環(huán)境因素4.Cognitivedevelopment認(rèn)知發(fā)展5.Earlylifeexperiences早年經(jīng)歷6.Intellectualstimulation知識(shí)刺激7.Criticalthinkingskills批判性思維技能8.Problemsolvingabilities解決問(wèn)題的能力9.Socialinteraction社交互動(dòng)10.Educationalintervention教育干預(yù)11.IQadvantage/disadvantage智商優(yōu)勢(shì)/劣勢(shì)12.Lifestylechoices生活方式選擇13.Brainplasticity大腦可塑性14.Intellectualchallenge知識(shí)挑戰(zhàn)15.Cognitiveenhancement認(rèn)知增強(qiáng)16.Intellectualgrowth知識(shí)成長(zhǎng)17.Learningopportunities學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)18.Braintraining大腦訓(xùn)練19.Educationalattainment教育成就20.Cognitivereserve認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備21.Socialenvironment社會(huì)環(huán)境22.Peerinfluence同齡人影響23.Careeradvancement職業(yè)發(fā)展24.Mentalagilityexercises心智敏捷練習(xí)25.Intellectuallychallengingtasks知識(shí)上具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)26.Intellectuallystimulatingconversations知識(shí)刺激性的對(duì)話27.Lifelonglearning終身學(xué)習(xí)28.Educationalenrichment教育豐富29.Intellectualengagement知識(shí)參與30.Sociallearningenvironments社交學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境31.Careerdevelopmentopportunities職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)32.Cognitiveflexibility認(rèn)知靈活性33.Intellectualcuriosity知識(shí)好奇心34.Cognitivediversity認(rèn)知多樣性35.Educationalresources教育資源36.Intellectualpursuits知識(shí)追求37.Stimulatingintellectualenvironment充滿刺激的知識(shí)環(huán)境38.Continuousintellectualchallenge持續(xù)的知識(shí)挑戰(zhàn)39.Brainhealthmaintenance大腦健康維護(hù)40.Cognitiveenhancementstrategies認(rèn)知增強(qiáng)策略41.Socialintelligence社交智力42.Cognitiveimprovementtechniques認(rèn)知提升技巧43.Intellectualengagementactivities知識(shí)參與活動(dòng)44.Lifelongintellectualdevelopment終身知識(shí)發(fā)展45.Intellectualexchange知識(shí)交流46.Brainexerciseroutines大腦鍛煉常規(guī)47.Educationalempowerment教育賦權(quán)48.Intellectualempowerment知識(shí)賦權(quán)49.Cognitivewellness認(rèn)知健康50.Educationalcollaboration教育合作【文章一原文翻譯】下次你對(duì)朋友、兄弟、姐妹或同事的觀點(diǎn)表示懷疑時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住，他們可能會(huì)幫助你變得更聰明。最新研究顯示，智力并非固定不變，而是可以在成年期通過(guò)家人、聰明的伙伴和智力挑戰(zhàn)性的職業(yè)中得到提升。這項(xiàng)研究挑戰(zhàn)了普遍認(rèn)為智力在18歲左右固定不變的觀念?？茖W(xué)共識(shí)認(rèn)為，智力受基因控制，環(huán)境因素如學(xué)校教育和營(yíng)養(yǎng)在此年齡段起著一定作用。但詹姆斯·弗林，新西蘭奧塔哥大學(xué)的教授，認(rèn)為人們可以在一生中“升級(jí)”智力。他認(rèn)為，來(lái)自他人的智力刺激很重要，因?yàn)椤按竽X似乎更像一塊肌肉——你用得越多，它就越強(qiáng)壯”。然而，相反的也是真的——因此，那些與智力挑戰(zhàn)相處的人，他們的智商水平可能會(huì)下降。弗林教授分析了過(guò)去65年美國(guó)的智力測(cè)試，并創(chuàng)建了新的智商“年齡表”。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)十歲的聰明孩子，如果其兄弟姐妹智力平均水平，與一個(gè)同樣聰明但兄弟姐妹都很聰明的孩子相比，智商會(huì)下降五到十個(gè)點(diǎn)。然而，智商較低的孩子可以通過(guò)與更聰明的兄弟姐妹和特殊的教育治療來(lái)提高六到八個(gè)點(diǎn)。弗林教授得出結(jié)論，雖然基因和早期生活經(jīng)歷約占智力的80％，但剩下的20％與生活方式有關(guān)。這意味著人們可以提高或降低他們的智商，達(dá)到十個(gè)或更多的點(diǎn)。他建議提高智商水平的最佳途徑是與聰明的朋友社交，并找到一個(gè)智力挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。2（浙江省名校協(xié)作體20232024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)聯(lián)考C篇）Bottledwaterhaslongbeenmarketedasasafedrink—ifitdoesn’testraightfromamountainspring,it’satleastcleanandfreeofchemicals.Butanewstudydemonstratesthatbottledwatermaynotbesosafewhenitestomicroscopicplasticpollutantscapableofpassingintothebloodstream.Foryearsscientistshaveraisedthealarmovermicroplastics,whichformwhenplasticsbreakdownintoincreasinglysmallerparticles(微粒),rangingfromfivemillimetersdowntoonemicrometer.Previousstudieshavefoundthataliterofbottledwatercancontaintensofthousandsofidentifiableplasticparticles.Buttheystoppedattheonemicrometerlevelduetotechnologicalrestrictions.Thestudyusedanewtechnologytofindevensmallerparticles,anddetectedanaverage240,000plasticparticlesperliterofbottledwater.About90%oftheparticleswereconsiderednanoplastics,smallerthanonemicrometer.Unlikemicroplastics,theyarecapableofpassingthroughsomeorganslikelungsintothebloodstream.Fromtheretheycanstayintheheartmuscleandotherorgans,passintothebrain,andevenintothebodiesofunbornbabies.Sofar,littleresearchshowswhatnanoplasticsexactlydooncetheyenterthebloodstream.Butthereismuchevidencethatchemicalsusedinplasticproductionarebadforhumanhealth.Evenifnanoplasticsthemselvesarenot

deleterious,theycanserveascarriersforthedangerouschemicals,increasingtheriskofcancerandimpactingkeyorganssuchastheheart.“Thereisahugeworldofnanoplasticstobestudied,”saidtheresearchers.Evenifnanoplasticsmakeup90%ofthenumberofplasticparticlesfoundinbottledwater,theymakeupfarlessinmass,theysaid.However,thisfactprovideslittlefort:It’sthenumbersratherthanmassthatmatter;andthesmallerthingsare,themorereadilytheycangetinsideus.高級(jí)備用單詞：1.Marketed營(yíng)銷的2.Pollutants污染物3.Capable有能力的4.Breakdown分解5.Technologicalrestrictions技術(shù)限制6.Detect檢測(cè)7.Nanoplastics納米塑料8.Unbornbabies未出生的嬰兒9.Deleterious有害的10.Impacting影響11.Carriers載體12.fort安慰13.Readily容易地14.Alarming令人擔(dān)憂的15.Identifiable可識(shí)別的16.Restrictions限制17.Particles顆粒18.Technology技術(shù)19.Evidence證據(jù)20.Production生產(chǎn)21.Chemicals化學(xué)物質(zhì)22.Health健康23.Mass質(zhì)量24.Risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)25.Cancer癌癥26.Organs器官27.Muscle肌肉28.Brain大腦29.Researchers研究人員30.Number數(shù)量31.fort安慰32.Fact事實(shí)33.Matter重要34.Smaller更小的35.Inside在內(nèi)部36.Evidence證據(jù)37.Technology技術(shù)38.Detection檢測(cè)39.Particles顆粒40.Research研究41.Evidence證據(jù)42.Chemicals化學(xué)物質(zhì)43.Impacting影響44.Organs器官45.Carriers載體46.Risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)47.Cancer癌癥48.Unbornbabies未出生的嬰兒49.Mass質(zhì)量50.Inside在內(nèi)部高級(jí)詞組搭配：1.Marketedas被推銷為2.Raisethealarmover對(duì)...發(fā)出警報(bào)3.Breakdowninto分解成4.Tensofthousandsof數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的5.Dueto由于6.Usedanewtechnologyto使用新技術(shù)來(lái)7.Detectedanaverage檢測(cè)到平均8.Considerednanoplastics被認(rèn)為是納米塑料9.Passinto進(jìn)入10.Stayin停留在11.Passintothe進(jìn)入12.Serveascarriersfor作為...的載體13.Providelittlefort提供很少的安慰14.Makeupfarlessinmass在質(zhì)量上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于15.Getinsideus進(jìn)入我們的身體16.Makeupthenumbers占據(jù)數(shù)字17.Leadto導(dǎo)致18.Carryoutstudies進(jìn)行研究19.Bebadfor對(duì)...有害20.Increasetheriskof增加...的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)21.Belinkedto與...相關(guān)聯(lián)22.Impactkeyorgans影響關(guān)鍵器官23.Poseariskto對(duì)...構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)24.Beharmfulto對(duì)...有害25.Haveimplicationsfor對(duì)...有影響原文翻譯：瓶裝水長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被宣傳為一種安全的飲品——如果它不是直接來(lái)自山泉，至少它是干凈的，不含化學(xué)物質(zhì)。但一項(xiàng)新研究表明，當(dāng)涉及到能夠進(jìn)入血液的微觀塑料污染物時(shí)，瓶裝水可能并不那么安全。多年來(lái)，科學(xué)家們一直在對(duì)微塑料發(fā)出警告，這些微塑料是當(dāng)塑料分解成越來(lái)越小的顆粒（從五毫米到一微米）時(shí)形成的。以前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一升瓶裝水中可能含有數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的可識(shí)別塑料顆粒。但由于技術(shù)限制，他們的研究一直停留在一微米的水平上。這項(xiàng)研究使用了一種新技術(shù)來(lái)尋找更小的顆粒，并檢測(cè)到每升瓶裝水中平均有240,000個(gè)塑料顆粒。大約90%的顆粒被認(rèn)為是納米塑料，比一微米還要小。與微塑料不同的是，它們能夠穿過(guò)一些器官如肺部進(jìn)入血液。從那里它們可以停留在心肌和其他器官中，進(jìn)入大腦，甚至進(jìn)入未出生嬰兒的身體。到目前為止，很少有研究顯示納米塑料一旦進(jìn)入血液會(huì)發(fā)生什么。但有大量證據(jù)表明，塑料生產(chǎn)中使用的化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)人類健康有害。即使納米塑料本身并不有害，它們也可以作為危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)物質(zhì)的載體，增加患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并影響心臟等關(guān)鍵器官?！坝泻芏嗉{米塑料需要研究，”研究人員說(shuō)。他們說(shuō)，即使納米塑料占瓶裝水中塑料顆粒數(shù)量的90％，它們的質(zhì)量卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于此。然而，這個(gè)事實(shí)提供的安慰很少：重要的是數(shù)量而不是質(zhì)量；而且東西越小，它們就越容易進(jìn)入我們的身體。3（2024年安徽省蕪湖市?？糃篇）

Theincreaseinprimate(靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物)ecotourismiscausingstressrelatedbehaviorsinmonkeys,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy,ledbytheUniversityofPortsmouth,lookedattheimpactofasingleenginemotorboatapproachingamunityofproboscismonkeys(長(zhǎng)鼻猴).Thosemonkeysareunusualwiththeirverylongnoses,whichmakesthemappealingtotourists.Andmanyoftheboatscarryingthetouristsapproachtheprimatesquicklyandloudly,oftenreachingtheriverbanksjustafewmetersawayfromthewildlife.Theresearchersconductedtheexperimentbyapproachingthemonkeysinamotorboatwithdifferentspeedsandtraveldistances—fastclose(approachingthemonkeysfor10secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof14.4km/hr),slowclose(approachingthemonkeyfor40secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof3.6km/hr),andslowfarconditions(approachingthemonkeysfor20secondswhen100metersaway,ataspeedof3.6km/hr).Theresultsshowedthatthemonkeysdisplayedstressrelatedbehaviorsforlongerinthefastcloseandslowcloseconditionsandalsoreducedfeedingasaresultoftheboatapproachinginthefastclosecondition.Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratching(撓)andoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行為).“Collectively,ourfindingssuggestthattheapproachofasinglemotorboatledtostressinproboscismonkeyswhentheywereapproachedascloselyas60metersfromtheothersideoftheriver,regardlessofthespeedofapproach,”saidDrMarinaDavilaRoss,leadauthorofthestudy.Theresearchersthusproposethatguidelinesforprimatetourismintheriversideareasshouldincludeanapproachspeedofnomorethan4km/hrwithin100metersoftheproboscismonkeys.Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.“Suchinformationmightbehelpfulfortourists,allowingthemtomodify(修改)theirbehaviorswhenvisitingtheprimatesandwhenencouragingguidestofollowtheguidelines,”DrDavilaRossadded.詞匯積累：1.Ecotourism生態(tài)旅游2.Stressrelated與壓力相關(guān)的3.Proboscis長(zhǎng)鼻4.Primates靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物5.Impact影響6.Motorboat摩托艇7.Approach靠近8.Wildlife野生動(dòng)物9.Conducted進(jìn)行10.Experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)11.Speeds速度12.Traveldistances行駛距離13.Conditions條件14.Displayed顯示15.Scratching撓16.Predation捕食行為17.Findings發(fā)現(xiàn)18.Guidelines指南19.Riverside河岸的20.Modify修改21.Behaviors行為22.Encouraging鼓勵(lì)23.Approachspeed靠近速度24.Distance距離25.Preferably最好地26.Potentially潛在地27.Collective集體的28.Author作者29.Predation捕食行為30.Modification修改31.Encouraging鼓勵(lì)32.Guidelines指南33.Awareness意識(shí)34.Conservation保護(hù)35.Wildlifehabitat野生動(dòng)物棲息地36.Sensitivity敏感性37.Conservationist保護(hù)主義者38.Collaboration合作39.Impactassessment影響評(píng)估40.Mitigation緩解41.Sustainablepractices可持續(xù)實(shí)踐42.Environmentalmanagement環(huán)境管理43.Preservation保護(hù)44.Endangeredspecies瀕危物種45.Habitatdestruction棲息地破壞46.Humanwildlifeconflict人類與野生動(dòng)物沖突47.Ecologicalbalance生態(tài)平衡48.Habitatfragmentation棲息地破碎化49.Biodiversityloss生物多樣性喪失50.