2024年中考英語閱讀理解技巧

中考英語閱讀理解必考題型方法+真題訓練細節(jié)理解題題型概述細節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對閱讀材料中某一特定細節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解能力?？疾橹饕譃閮煞N情況：一是直接細節(jié)類，其答案幾乎可以直接從原文中找出來，考生只要根據題干中的關鍵詞與原文進行對照，就能找到答案；二是隱含細節(jié)類，這類題雖然不能直接從原文中找到對應的詞或短語，但考生可根據文章的隱含意義，如原因、前提或結果等仔細推敲，得出正確答案。解題方法劃關鍵詞定答題區(qū)間找選項：a.完全對應b.同義替換真題訓練1.TheschoolbusdriverlearnedaboutDawn’ssituationandinvitedDawntomoveinwithherfamily.Soon,DawnhadajobatBurnsHighSchool.Sheworkedfrom6a.m.to7:40a.m.beforethefirstschoolbellrang.Shesweptfloorsandpickeduptrashagainintheafternoons,beforediving(跳水)intoherstudiesintheevenings.WhohelpedDawnwhenshefoundherselfhomeless?（）A.Herteachers.B.Herneighbors.C.ATigerMom.D.Aschoolbusdriver.2.IamTurere.IefromKitengela,afarmingmunityontheedge(邊緣)ofNairobiNationalParkofKenya(肯尼亞).Sincetheageofnine,Ihavehelpedtolookaftermyfamily’scows.Asachild,inmyfreetime,Ienjoyedplayingwithelectronics.Imademyowninventions,suchaselectronictoysfromcarpartsandotherthings.Ialsobuiltotherelectronicdevices(儀器)formyneighbors.WhatwasTurereinterestedinwhenhewasachild?（）A.Trickingtheneighbors.B.Lookingaftercows.C.Playingwithelectronics.D.Makingcarparts.3.Oneday,whilewalkingdownacountryroad,Doynesawalittlegirlbreakinguprocks.Shesoonlearnedthat7-year-oldHimasoldtherockstosupportherfamily.Withdeepsadness,shedecidedtopayHima’stuition(學費)forschool.Encouragedbythechangesinthechild,Doynethought,“Ifwecanhelponechild,whynot10？”WhydidHimabreakuptherocks?（）A.Todophysicalexercise.B.Tobuildanewschool.C.Togetmoneyforherfamily.D.Torepairthecountryroad.4.Thereweremanybooksintheshop.Mr.Brownwasveryhappythatallthebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyhim.“Wherearetheotherwriters’books？”heaskedthemanintheshop.Themanlookedupathimandanswered,“Oh,theyareallsoldout.”AllthebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyMr.Brownbecause___．A.themanintheshoponlylikedhisbooksB.themanintheshopwasMr.Brown’sfriendC.hisbookswerebetterthantheotherwriters’D.theotherwriters’bookswereallsoldout推理判斷題題型概述此類試題要求考生對文章中的內容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理，也就是要運用邏輯推理能力推出蘊含在文章中卻沒有明說的事實及暗示的含義。解題方法針對特定細節(jié)信息進行推理此類試題要求考生根據語篇中具體的內容和信息點，推斷出文章中具體的細節(jié)。解答此類試題時，一般可根據短文所提供的某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理和判斷。常見設問方式：Wecaninfer/conclude/learnfromthepassagethat......Thepassage/author/paragraphimplies......對作者的觀點、態(tài)度、傾向、語氣的判斷根據文章所提供的背景、人的表情、動作和語言進行推斷。另外，作者的觀點和態(tài)度在文章的首段或尾段一般表現得最為明顯。考生要重點理解首尾段，提煉作者的觀點。常見設問方式：Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards...a)positivesupportiveagreeoptimistic......b)negativedisagreecriticaldoubtful......c)objectiveuncertainHowdidthewriterfeelabout......根據文章體裁和內容判斷文章出處此類題目可以根據文章的用詞和格式，推斷文章的出處。如：報紙前會出現日期、地點或通訊社名稱；廣告的用詞和格式都很特殊。常見設問方式：Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom......真題訓練1.Adoctorenteredthehospitalhurriedlyafterbeingcalledinforanimportantsurgery(外科手術).Hefoundtheboy’sfatherinthehallwaitingworriedly.Onseeinghim,thefathercriedout,“Whydidyoutakeallthistimetoe?Don’tyouknowthatmysonisindanger?Don’tyouhaveanysenseofduty？”Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,“Iamsorry.Iwasn’tinthehospitalandIcameasfastasIcouldafterreceivingthecallandnow,Iwishyou’dcalmdownsothatIcandomywork.”Thefathershoutedatthedoctorbecausehethought_______．A.hehadwaitedtoolongB.noonecaredforhissonC.thedoctorwascoldtohimD.thesurgerytookalongtime2.ThisiswhyIamwritingtoyoufrommyhospitalbedwithtwobrokenlegsandaweakhead.IdidnotwinanythingattheOlympicsafterall.Ineedthefactorytobuildmetwonewlegsandanevenbiggerhead.ThenIwillbeabletopeteoncemore.Let’shopeforgreatersuccessinthenextOlympics!Howishefeelingnow?（）A.Fullofhope.B.Unsureabouthimself.C.Heart-broken.D.Satisfiedwithhisresultthisyear.3.“Couldn’thewaitsomeminutessothatIcanaskaboutmyson’sstate？”shoutedthefatherwhenseeingthenurseminutesafterthedoctorleft.Thenurseanswered,tearsingdownherface.“Hissondiedyesterdayinaroadaccident.Hewasattheburial(葬禮)whenwecalledhimforyourson’ssurgery.Andnowthathesavedyourson’slife,heleftrunningtofinishhisson’sburial.”Howmightthefatherfeelafterheknewthetruth?（）Angry. B.Excited.C.Sorry. D.Doubtful.詞義猜測題題型概述此類題目在設置時，需要猜測的詞匯大都為生難詞匯?？忌枰攸c掌握根據上下文推測生詞或短語意思的技巧。常見的設問方式:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“XXX”meaninChinese/thepassage？Thewordrefersto/probablymeans...解題方法通過定義或釋義關系猜測詞義定義或解釋形式多樣，常由thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas等詞匯或破折號來表示。通過舉例猜測詞義恰當的舉例能夠為猜測生詞提供重要的線索。比如根據suchas,forexample,like等詞的前后，或者是破折號前后的內容來猜測劃線詞的意思。通過同義詞或近義詞猜測詞義在文章中，有時作者為了避免重復，或為了表達同一事物的不同種類，使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞或近義詞的關系由熟悉的詞語來推測不熟悉詞語的含義。通過同義詞或近義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happyandgay，即使我們不認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是“愉快的”的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。通過上下文語境猜測詞義根據上下文語境暗示，運用邏輯推理來猜測生詞詞義通過生活常識猜測詞義有些生詞我們可以利用科普知識和生活常識推測其含義。已有的生活經驗或常識，往往會給閱讀后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于已有的，推測陌生的，這就上升到了能力的提高，使生詞的破解成為了可能。真題訓練Sometimes,studentsaregivenextendedlearningtasks.Thatmeanstheyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis(分析).Buthoweverbigataskis,teachersalwaysgivefeedback(反饋)tohelpstudentsfindtheareaswheretheycanimprove.Theunderlinedword“extended”inthisparagraphprobablymeans________．擴展的B.特別的C.困難的D.實用的2.Forexample,imagineyouareacookandmustservedinnerto100guests.Howshouldyoudivideyourresourcessothatyoucangetthejobdonemostefficiently(高效地)?Insituationslikethis,theabilitytothinklogicallywillgetyoutoareasonableanswerandsolveyourproblem.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resources”meaninthepassage?（）科目B.效率C.信息D.資源3.Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.Itisgoodtoknowthatourbrainis“l(fā)ookingoutforus”inanewplace.Butitmaynothelpwithsleep.Thatbrainactivity,atleastaccordingtothisnewresearch,makesithardertogetthesleeppeopleneedtowakeupwellrestedinthemorning.Theunderlinedword“calming”hastheclosestmeaningto“____”．pleasingB.differentC.seriousD.strangeThepenisveryutilitarian.Wecannotsignabillorwritealetterorbuyahousewithoutourpen.Anagreementisworthlesstillournameiswrittenwithapen.Thewritersencouragetheworldwithit.Thestudentstaketheirexaminationswithitaswell.Theunderlinedword“utilitarian”inthepassagemeans“________”．cheapB.boringC.specialD.useful5.Workwithaveteranvolunteer.Hevolunteeredalot,hecanhelpyouincreasetheconfidenceandpletelyunderstandtheorganization’sexpectations.Theunderlinedword“veteran”inthepassagemeans“________”．politeB.humorousC.youngD.experienced6.ButAdamsbelievedthatpeopleinhospitalneedmorethanmedicine.Hesawunhappyandlonelypeople,andhetriedtohelpthemaspatients,butaspeople,too.Hespentalotoftimewithchildreninthehospital,andoftenputaspecialrednoseonhisfacetolooklikeaclownandtomakethechildrenlaugh.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clown”inthispassageprobablymean?（）木偶B.小丑C.外星人D.蜘蛛俠主旨大意題題型概述主旨大意題要求考生在閱讀和理解全文的基礎上對文章內容或段落內容進行歸納、概括或評價。解答這類題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語就斷章取義。在涉及文章的主題(mainidea)、結論(conclusion)、結局(end)等有關問題時，需要在細讀全文的基礎上，結合所學的語言知識、背景知識、生活常識等進行邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。常見設問方式Whatdoesthetext/passage(mainly)tellus?Whatisthetextmainlyabout？Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout？Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus？真題訓練1.MrBrownisascienceteacher.Onedayhewantedtoshowsomethingimportanttohisstudents.Theteachertookalargemouthbottle.①Heaskedtheclass，"Isthebottlefullnow?"Theyallreplied，"Yes!"Theteacherthentooksomesmallrocksandputthemintothebottle.②Thesmallrockswentintothespacesbetweenthebigrocks.Hethenasked，"Isitfull?"Thistimesomestudentsdidn'tgiveananswer,butmostreplied,"Yes!"Theteacherthenstartedtodropsomesandintothebottle.Thesandfilledupthespacesbetweenthesmallrocks.③Forthethirdtime，theteacherasked,"Isitfull?"Nowmoststudentsweredoubting，butstill，somereplied，"Yes!"Thentheteacherbroughtoutacupofwaterintothebottle.④"What'sthepointofthisshow?"askedtheteacher.Onebrightstudentanswered，"Nomatterhowbusyyouare，youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethings.""No，"saidtheteacher."Thepointisthatifyoudon'tplacethebigrocksintothebottlefirst，you'llnevergetthemin.Thebigrocksaretheimportantthingsinyourlife.Ifyoufillyourlifewithsmallthingsasshownbythesmallrocks，thesandandthewateryou'llneverhavethetimefortheimportantthings."Fromthepassage，welearnthat（）.A.youshoulddosmallthingsfirstinyourlifeB.youshoulddoimportantthingsandsmallthingsatthesametimeC.youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethingsifyouwanttodothemD.you'llneverhavetimeforsomethingimportantifyourlifeisfilledwithsmallthings2.Somefriendsinviteyouoverandserveyouadeliciousdinner.Someonelendsyouhiscarwhilethere'ssomethingwrongwithyours.Youaresick,andafriendbringsyouamealandcaresforyou.Howdoyoushowyourgratitude(感謝)?Sometimessimplysayingthankyouisenough.Atothertimes,itisthoughtfultosaythankyouinamoredifferentway.Besuretotellthatpersonwhatyouaregratefulforandwhyyouaregrateful.Herearesomemonwaystosaythankyou.Youcanwriteathank－younote.Peopleareverybusythesedays.Ahandwrittennoteshowsyoutookthetimetotellsomeoneyouaregratefultohimorher.Or