如何進化生活在計算機中使用Python

HowtoEvolveLifeinaComputerusingPython

BertChan

BigDataConsultant@ASL

PyConHK/CodeConf2018

Programminginthe1990’s

PC:80286(8MHz,8MBRAM)

OS:MS-DOS(Win3.1tooslow!)

Pascal

Simulatelife

Simulategravity,fractals

Hack&decodegames

Assembly

Mainloop–veryfast!

Directwritetovideocache

Ifyoudidcodingandhackedstuffsinthe90’s,you’rea…

SimulateLife

Conway’sGameofLife

JohnConway1970

CellularAutomata–arrayofcells(0or1)

Neighborhood(8cells,sum)

Simpleif-then-elserule

forcellincells:

ifcell==1andsumin[2,3]:cell=1 #surviveelifcell==0andsumin[3]:cell=1 #bornelse:cell=0 #die

cell:0or1

1

0 0

0

1

1

0

0

0

neighborhood

Conway’sGameofLife

Themovingglider

Greencellssurvive,bluecellsareborn,redcellsdie

Spaceships,glidergun…

Logicgate,clock,computer…

Hackersloveit!

Goodwaytolearnprogramming!

Playwiththerules

Whatifwe…

cell:0or1

0

0 0

0

1

0

0

0

0

neighborhood(n)

sum=σ??

cell=(ifsum…then…else…)

Playwiththerules

Whatifwe…

Usefloatingpoint?

realnumber

0.12

0.02 0.00

0.95

0.36

0.17

0.46

0.53

0.22

neighborhood(n)

sum=σ??

cell=(ifsum…then…else…)

Playwiththerules

Whatifwe…

Usefloatingpoint?

Biggerneighborhood?Circular?

realnumber

0.36

neighborhood(n)

sum=σ??

cell=(ifsum…then…else…)

Playwiththerules

Whatifwe…

Usefloatingpoint?

Biggerneighborhood?Circular?

Weightedsum?

realnumber

*

neighborhood(n) weights(k)

sum=σ????

cell=(ifsum…then…else…)

Playwiththerules

realnumber

Whatifwe…

Usefloatingpoint?

Biggerneighborhood?Circular?

Weightedsum?

Smoothupdate?

*

neighborhood(n)

weights(k)

sum=σ????

cell=cell+0.1*f(sum)

Playwiththerules

Whatifwe…

Usefloatingpoint?

Biggerneighborhood?Circular?

Weightedsum?

Smoothupdate?

Spookythingshappened…

OMGWHATISTHIS??

Lenia

NewkindofArtificialLife

Microorganism-likecreatures

Discovered400+species

Studytheiranatomy,behavior,physiology…

Goodprogrammingexercise

JavaScript,C#,MATLAB,Python

Video

Pythonshowcasevideo

/277328815

Kyoto

WonGECCOVirtualCreaturesContest,Kyoto

HonorableMentioninALIFEArtAward,Tokyo

MeetmyAIhero–@hardmaru

DavidHa(GoogleBrainTokyo)

UsingPython

forPyConHK

WhyPython?

Goodperformance

Fastcoding

Nicesyntax(indent,listcomprehension,etc)

Lotsofusefullibraries

Vibrantcommunity(PyCon,GitHub…)

Matplotlib

PythonLibraries

“Rule34”ofPython

NumPy

Arraycalculations

Reikna

PyOpenCL/

PyCUDA

GPU

acceleration

SciPy/

OpenCV

PIL/Pillow

Imageprocessing

Tkinter

InteractiveUI

ffmpeg-python

subprocess+

ffmpeg

Recordvideo

“Ifthereisaneed,thereisaPythonlibraryforit.”

NumPy

Fastarraycalculations

Machinelearning,deeplearning

Basisofimageprocessing,time-series

Cellularautomata(weightedsumusingFFT)

MainloopofLeniain3lines

potential_fft=np.fft.fft2(cells)*kernel_fft

potential=np.fft.fftshift(np.real(np.fft.ifft2(potential_fft))

cells_new=np.clip(cells+dt*g(potential,m,s),0,1)

PyOpenCL/PyCUDA+Reikna

GPUacceleration

(NVIDIA)CUDAPyCUDA

(Apple)OpenCLPyOpenCL

Reikna

PyOpenCL/PyCUDAwrapper

CompilestheGPUcodeforyou

GPUacceleratedFFTinafewlines

gpu_thr=reikna.cluda.any_api().Thread.create()

gpu_fft=reikna.fft.FFT(cells.astype(plex64)).compile(gpu_thr)op_dev=gpu_thr.to_device(cells.astype(plex64))gpu_fft(op_dev,op_dev,**kwargs)

cells=op_dev.get()

PIL/Pillow,SciPy,OpenCV

Imagehandling

PIL(PythonImageLib)pillow

Createimage,drawlines/texts,saveGIF…

img=PIL.Image.frombuffer('P',buffer.shape,buffer,…)

draw=PIL.ImageDraw.Draw(img)

img[0].save(path,format='GIF',append_images=self.gif[1:],loop=0…)

Imageprocessing

SciPy

scipy.ndimage.rotate(A,reshape=False,order=0,mode='wrap’)

OpenCV-Python

TkintervsMatplotlib

InteractiveUI

Real-time2Dimagedisplay

Menu,keyboardbinding,clipboard

Matplotlib

Fordatavisualization

Powerfulbutslow…

Tkinter(Toolkitinterface)

Basicandfast

Others:wxPython,PyQt,PyGTK…

InteractiveUI

win=tk.Tk()tk.Canvas()tk.Menu()

win.bind('<Key>',key_press_event)

win.clipboard_get()

Python3

importtkinterastk

subprocess+ffmpeg

PythonicFFmpegwrappers

ffmpeg-python,ffmpy,etc.

Pipevideotoffmpeg

cmd=['/usr/local/bin/ffmpeg’,'-f','rawvideo',…]

video=subprocess.Popen(cmd,stdin=subprocess.PIPE)forimginimgs:

video.stdin.write(img.convert('RGB').tobytes())video.stdin.close()

AboutALifeandAI

forHKCodeConf

Lenia

Notjustfunnycreatures

UsingAItocreateALife

AboutALife

ArtificialLife

Simulatebiologicallifeorcreatenewlifeforms

Createabody

WetALife=biochemistry,syntheticlife

Artificialcell,expandedgeneticcode…

HardALife=hardware,robots&machines

Humanoids,Strandbeest…

SoftALife=software,simulations

Cellularautomata,virtualcreatures…

WetALife=biochemistry,syntheticlife

Artificialcell,expandedgeneticcode…

HardALife=hardware,robots&machines

Humanoids,Strandbeest…

Syntheticcell(JCVI,2010)

SoftALife=software,simulations

Cellularautomata,virtualcreatures…

ExpandedDNA(TSRI,2014)

WetALife=biochemistry,syntheticlife

Artificialcell,expandedgeneticcode…

HardALife=hardware,robots&machines

Humanoids,Strandbeest…

SoftALife=software,simulations

Cellularautomata,virtualcreatures…

Strandbeest(TheoJansen,1990)

Atlas(BostonDynamics,2017)

SoftALife=software,simulations

Cellularautomata,virtualcreatures…

HardALife=hardware,robots&machines

Humanoids,Strandbeest…

WetALife=biochemistry,syntheticlife

Artificialcell,expandedgeneticcode…

Virtualcreatures(KarlSims,1994)

Softrobots(NickCheney,2014)

AboutAI

EA=EvolutionaryAlgorithms

Neuro-evolution,novelty,etc

ArtificialIntelligence

Machinesdo:learning,planning,vision,language,emotion,art

ML=MachineLearning

Supervised,unsupervised,reinforced

DL=DeepLearning

Deepneuralnets+bigdata+manyGPU

GOFAI=Goodold-fashionedAI

Symbolic,expertsystems

Createamind

GOFAI=Goodold-fashionedAI

Symbolic,expertsystems

ML=MachineLearning

Supervised,unsupervised,reinforced

DL=DeepLearning

Deepneuralnets+bigdata+manyGPU

DeepBluevs.Kasparov(IBM,1997)

EA=EvolutionaryAlgorithms

Neuro-evolution,novelty,etc

WatsoninJeopardy!(IBM,2011)

GOFAI=Goodold-fashionedAI

Symbolic,expertsystems

AlphaGovs.LeeSedol(DeepMind,2016)

ML=MachineLearning

Supervised,unsupervised,reinforced

DL=DeepLearning

Deepneuralnets+bigdata+manyGPU

EA=EvolutionaryAlgorithms

Neuro-evolution,novelty,etc

Autopilot(Tesla,2014)

BigGAN(AndrewBrock,2018)

GOFAI=Goodold-fashionedAI

Symbolic,expertsystems

ML=MachineLearning

Supervised,unsupervised,reinforced

DL=DeepLearning

Deepneuralnets+bigdata+manyGPU

PicBreeder(EPlex,2007)

EA=EvolutionaryAlgorithms

Neuro-evolution,novelty,etc

Evolut