2022年全國(guó)乙卷英語(yǔ)【高考】真題（有答案）

2022年全國(guó)乙卷英語(yǔ)【高考】真題（有答案）2022年全國(guó)乙卷英語(yǔ)【高考】真題（有答案）2022年全國(guó)乙卷英語(yǔ)【高考】真題（有答案）2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)乙卷）英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.C.Workingonaproject.3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?A.It’sbig.B.It’squiet.C.It’snew.4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.5Whereistheman’stable?A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.It’seasytohirepeople.9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?A.Rembrandt’s.B.Botticelli’s.C.Rubens’.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?A.March.B.August.C.October.15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.16.WhatisSusan’sattitudetoJohn’sproblem?A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisplantogoforthegold.B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像畫(huà))Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn’sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn’sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist’sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimesMonday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.1.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn’sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct. B.Thurs.30Oct. C.Thurs.6Nov. D.Thurs.13Nov.2.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.3.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings. B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers. D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了為紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫(huà)家亨利·雷伯恩爵士進(jìn)行的展覽的相關(guān)情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries部分“Thursday30Oct.(10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.(4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。)”可知，一對(duì)夫婦應(yīng)付4+4=8英鎊，兩個(gè)12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場(chǎng)費(fèi)為8英鎊。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.(所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場(chǎng)費(fèi)。)”可知，全日制學(xué)生在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選C項(xiàng)。BIn1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅(jiān)忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool. B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook. D.Todosightseeing.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.CTheylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.6.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn. B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies. D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.7.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書(shū)籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.(1916年，來(lái)自紐約奧本市的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女孩——DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood——來(lái)到落基山脈的一個(gè)定居點(diǎn)，在一間只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書(shū)。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書(shū)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他們和一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒(méi)有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。)”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.(這本書(shū)以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。)”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.(Wickenden是個(gè)很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。)”可知，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了Wickenden的書(shū)籍內(nèi)容，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以文本是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。故選B項(xiàng)。CCanasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.8.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.9.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.10.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?AToprovideearlywarning. B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D.Toacceleratetransportation.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceDHowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(無(wú)人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來(lái)檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的正確位置)”可知使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項(xiàng)：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously(工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個(gè)新概念:未來(lái)的鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)。它們將在列車前方的軌道上運(yùn)行，并被設(shè)定為自動(dòng)運(yùn)行)”可知鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)有望讓火車自動(dòng)運(yùn)行。故選B。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群無(wú)人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來(lái)，以確保全球數(shù)百萬(wàn)公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過(guò)使用最新的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)還可以開(kāi)始為鐵路提供更高的價(jià)值，可知文章主要講述了無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)，所以D項(xiàng)“無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷耄m合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。DTheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools. B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth. D.Toencourageresearchineducation.13.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets. B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction. D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks. B.Milk-baseddrinks. C.Fruitjuices. D.ClassicCoke.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)政府對(duì)軟飲料征收的糖稅來(lái)解決兒童以及青少年的健康問(wèn)題，同時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過(guò)5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過(guò)一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。）”可知，一些飲料公司通過(guò)降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來(lái)避稅。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會(huì)惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬(wàn)升的小公司也是免稅的。）”可知，糖稅主要來(lái)自經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè)這些高糖品牌。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.___16___.·Moreisn’talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.___17___.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)___18___.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·___19___Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone___20___,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【答案】16D17.B18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”（平日繁忙，很難抽出時(shí)間打電話。）講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時(shí)間給對(duì)方打電話，D項(xiàng)“盡量找個(gè)雙方都有空的時(shí)間去打電話，并堅(jiān)持下去”給出了解決沒(méi)時(shí)間打電話這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”（確保你已經(jīng)與你的朋友溝通過(guò)，了解你們彼此希望聯(lián)系的次數(shù)，以及哪種溝通方式最適合你們兩人。）提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，B項(xiàng)“可以通過(guò)寫(xiě)信補(bǔ)償”提出了其中一種溝通方式：寫(xiě)信，下文“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.”（除了不斷的文字交流，還有其他方式，比如發(fā)語(yǔ)音或者組建群聊。）補(bǔ)充了發(fā)語(yǔ)音等其他溝通方式，其中“constantwrittencommunication”呼應(yīng)了B項(xiàng)的“writingletters”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”（留下來(lái)的朋友）和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”（在新環(huán)境中的那個(gè)）提到朋友的兩個(gè)不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開(kāi)的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開(kāi)的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”，所以G項(xiàng)符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個(gè)方法，是第五段的小標(biāo)題。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”（周年紀(jì)念日和生日對(duì)于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。）講的是諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“記得重要的日子”，所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】設(shè)空處所在句子的后半句“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.”（但是異地友誼——甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺(jué)地去維系。）講的是我們要更加自覺(jué)地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說(shuō)明后半句與設(shè)空處形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而F項(xiàng)“朋友之間很容易通過(guò)社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”講的是可以通過(guò)社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與后半句“requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而且其中的“socialmedia”呼應(yīng)了該段的小標(biāo)題“Don’trelyontechnologyalone”（不要僅僅依賴技術(shù)）中的“technology”。故選F項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there’ssomethinghighlyexcitingabout___21___someoneelse’sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably___22___athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies___23___.Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas___24___asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour___25___researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology___26___thatidea.Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each___27___satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor___28___.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould___29___orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame___30___happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:___31___childrensaidthattheycouldn’t___32___toher.Anumberof___33___ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects___34___thequestionsandknew___35___whatwasaskedofthem.Their___36___tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue___37___that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.”Theysimply___38___mutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.Our___39___suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod___40___whenothersuseit.21.A.following B.taking C.escaping D.directing22.A.clever B.bad C.scared D.quick23.A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced24.A.supported B.guaranteed C.imagined D.interpreted25.A.disappointing B.mixed C.surprising D.desired26.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested27.A.parent B.child C.researcher D.doctor28.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears29.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool30.A.event B.thing C.action D.accident31.A.Yet B.Now C.Soon D.Once32.A.speak B.listen C.turn D.wave33.A.instructions B.descriptions C.experiments D.assumptions34.A.comprehended B.predicted C.explored D.ignored35.A.partly B.honestly C.vaguely D.exactly36.A.responses B.approaches C.contribution D.sensitivity37.A.ability B.belief C.identity D.purpose38.A.holdback B.relateto C.insiston D.makeup39.A.limitations B.requirements C.theories D.findings40.A.tentative B.impressive C.creative D.effective【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.C27.B28.D29.A30.B31.B32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.B38.C39.D40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們捉迷藏時(shí)，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果，而是孩子們堅(jiān)持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，避開(kāi)別人的目光，讓自己無(wú)法被別人看到，這是一件非常令人興奮的事情。A.following跟隨；B.taking取走；C.escaping避開(kāi)；D.directing指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.”可知，兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開(kāi)別人的目光。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們都看到學(xué)齡前兒童非常不善于隱藏。A.clever聰明的；B.bad不擅長(zhǎng)的；C.scared害怕的；D.quick快的。根據(jù)下文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，兒童不擅長(zhǎng)隱藏，bebadatsth.表示“不擅長(zhǎng)某事”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身體暴露在外。A.exposed無(wú)遮蔽的；B.examined已檢查過(guò)的；C.untouched未受影響的；D.imbalanced失衡的。根據(jù)上文“Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies”可知，兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身體的其余部分無(wú)遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無(wú)可救藥的“自我中心”生物的證據(jù)。A.supported支持；B.guaranteed保證；C.imagined想象；D.interpreted解釋。根據(jù)下文“asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”creatures.”可知，此處表示這種無(wú)效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據(jù)，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.mixed混合的；C.surprising令人驚訝的；D.desired渴望的。根據(jù)下文“researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology_6_thatidea.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾，所以研究結(jié)果是令人驚訝的。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們?cè)趦和l(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。A.explained解釋；B.confirmed證實(shí)；C.contradicted相矛盾；D.tested測(cè)試。根據(jù)下文“Our19suggestwhenachild“hides”byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod_20_whenothersuseit.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)是相矛盾的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.parent父母親；B.child兒童；C.researcher研究員；D.doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)上文“Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.”可知，兒童參加實(shí)驗(yàn)，此處表示每個(gè)兒童和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)兒童都和一個(gè)成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.feet腳；B.nose鼻子；C.hands手；D.ears耳朵。根據(jù)下文“orheartheadult”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中，兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能聽(tīng)到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們問(wèn)兒童是否能看到或聽(tīng)到成年人的聲音。A.see看見(jiàn)；B.help幫助；C.reach到達(dá)；D.fool欺騙。根據(jù)上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處兒童被詢問(wèn)是否能看見(jiàn)成年人。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.event大事；B.thing事情；C.action行動(dòng)；D.accident事故。根據(jù)下文“childrensaidthattheycouldn’t_12_toher.”可知，此處表示同樣的事情發(fā)生了，孩子們表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人說(shuō)話了。故選B項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.Yet然而；B.Now此刻；C.Soon很快；D.Once一次。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示當(dāng)成年人捂住自己的嘴時(shí)，這時(shí)孩子們說(shuō)不能和成年人說(shuō)話了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時(shí)，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說(shuō)他們不能和她說(shuō)話。A.speak說(shuō)；B.listen聽(tīng)；C.turn轉(zhuǎn)；D.wave揮手。根據(jù)上文“whentheadultcoveredherownmouth”可知，此處孩子們表示他們不能和成年人說(shuō)話了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們誤解了他們被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題。A.instructions命令；B.descriptions說(shuō)明；C.experiments實(shí)驗(yàn)；D.assumptions假設(shè)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處表示上文中的許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們會(huì)誤解問(wèn)題這一情況。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問(wèn)題，并且確切地知道他們被問(wèn)到了什么。A.comprehended理解；B.predicted預(yù)測(cè)；C.explored探索；D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)下文“thequestionsandknew_15_whatwasaskedofthem”可知，兒童理解了問(wèn)題，并能確切地知道自己被問(wèn)了什么。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果很