2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)真題精練專題一閱讀理解熱考主題3身心降課件

熱考主題3身心健康

Passage1話題：讓養(yǎng)老院老人養(yǎng)雞主題語境：人與社會(huì)詞數(shù)：約285

難度：★★★☆☆關(guān)注身心健康[2022新高考Ⅰ卷·C]Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool."Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed."It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."1.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.2.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?A.Improve.

B.Oppose.

C.Begin.

D.Evaluate.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived.

B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable.

D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【解析】

養(yǎng)老院通過讓老人養(yǎng)雞來使他們減少孤獨(dú)感，改善健康狀況。1.D理解具體信息題干問的是"這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是什么?"。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章的第二段，根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)想出，旨在減少老人的孤獨(dú)感，改善其健康狀況。故選D項(xiàng)。2.B推斷題干問的是"這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是如何影響RuthXavier的?"。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章的第五段，根據(jù)第五段RuthXavier說的對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的感受"我很享受這些有創(chuàng)意的活動(dòng)，做一些有用的事情讓我感覺很好"可推知，她從這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中獲得了成就感。故選B項(xiàng)。3.C理解詞匯題干問的是"第七段中的畫線單詞‘embarkon’是什么意思?"。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章的第七段，根據(jù)第七段WendyWilson說的話"居民們非常歡迎這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的想法和這些創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣"并結(jié)合畫線部分可推知，畫線部分所在句的意思是"第一批開始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的人之一"，因此畫線部分的意思為"開始"，故選C項(xiàng)。4.A推斷題干問的是"從最后兩段我們可以了解到關(guān)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的什么信息?"。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到文章的最后兩段，最后兩段講述了一些人參與到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的感受。根據(jù)WendyWilson和LynnLewis兩位負(fù)責(zé)人說的話可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目得到了好評(píng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！径尉x】

核心單詞：sufferv.患有，遭受financialadj.財(cái)政的；財(cái)務(wù)的

connectv.把……聯(lián)系起來核心短語：lookafter照顧，照看stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事dreamup想出(尤指不同尋常的計(jì)劃、主意)

inuse使用中l(wèi)ookforwardto期待詞綴變形：reductionn.減少→reducev.減少高級(jí)句式：Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey’vegonetobed.分析：本句中l(wèi)ettingthehensout是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，toseethey’vegonetobed是動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語，they’vegonetobed是省略了連接詞that的賓語從句。Passage2話題：鍛煉對(duì)心臟的好處主題語境：人與社會(huì)詞數(shù)：約350

難度：★★★☆☆提倡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)[2022新高考Ⅱ卷·D]Asweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner."Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,"saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(無氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth."Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,"saysLevine."Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise."Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn’tchange,hesays."Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheart

still

hasflexibility,"Levinesays."Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall."Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.1.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A.Therightwayofexercising.

B.Thecausesofaheartattack.C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.

D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.2.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A.Thedietplan.

B.Theprofessionalbackground.C.Theexercisetype.

D.Thepreviousphysicalcondition.3.WhatdoesLevine’sresearchfind?A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.4.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings.

B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch.

D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【解析】

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，鍛煉對(duì)心臟有好處。1.D理解具體信息題干問的是"Levine想通過提到橡皮筋來解釋什么?"。根據(jù)題干我們將解題信息定位到文章的第二段。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thinkofarubberband...happenstotheheart"可知，想想橡皮筋，一開始,它是靈活的，但把它放在抽屜里20年，它就會(huì)變干，很容易斷裂，這也是心臟會(huì)發(fā)生的變化。由此可知，Levine想通過提到橡皮筋來解釋心臟的老化過程，故選D項(xiàng)。2.C理解具體信息題干問的是"就研究設(shè)計(jì)而言，兩組在哪個(gè)方面有差異?"根據(jù)題干我們將解題信息定位到文章的第三段。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thefirstgroup...moredaysaweek"可知，第一組每周參加三次無氧運(yùn)動(dòng)——平衡訓(xùn)練和重量訓(xùn)練，第二組在教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進(jìn)行四天或更多天的高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此可知，兩組在研究設(shè)計(jì)上的差異是運(yùn)動(dòng)類型不同，故選C項(xiàng)。3.A理解具體信息題干問的是"Levine的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?"。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thesecondgroup...inhearthealth"可知，第二組在教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進(jìn)行四天或更多天的高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。兩年后，第二組的心臟健康狀況有了顯著改善。再根據(jù)第四段中的"Wetookthese...35-year-oldhearts"可知，我們使這些50歲的心臟回到30或35歲的心臟的狀態(tài)。由此可知，Levine的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，中年人的心臟會(huì)變得更年輕，故選A項(xiàng)。4.C推斷題干問的是"NiecaGoldberg博士有什么建議?"。根據(jù)題干我們將解題信息定位到文章的最后一段。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Butthestudy...thebiggestdifference"可知,但這項(xiàng)研究的規(guī)模很小，需要在更大的人群中重復(fù)進(jìn)行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生最大的影響。由此可知，NiecaGoldberg博士建議進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。故選C項(xiàng)。【二次精讀】

核心單詞：efficientadj.有能力的；效率高的enthusiasticadj.熱情的；熱烈的；滿腔熱忱的randomlyadv.隨意地participatev.參與；參加remarkableadj.顯著的；引人注目的；非凡的flexibilityn.靈活性aspectn.方面熟詞生義：age常用義：n.年齡文章義：v.變老；使變老Asheaged,hismemorygotworse.他隨著年事增高，記憶力就變差了。高級(jí)句式：Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.分析：thatevenif...agingheart是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，賓語從句中的evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，gettinginshape是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語。Passage3話題：女性健康研究主題語境：人與社會(huì)詞數(shù)：約330

難度：★★★★☆關(guān)注身體健康[2022年1月浙江卷·C]Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia(失智癥)inlaterlife—andiftheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDrHelenaH?rder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople’scardiovascular(心血管的)fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia."Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheyweretiredouttomeasuretheirpeak(最大值的)cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevelwithacapacityof120wattsorhigher,while92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory.Atotalof59wereoflowfitnesslevel,withapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirtestsstoppedbecauseofhealthproblems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation,"saidH?rder."Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant."Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwerefromSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbeapplicabletoothergroups.1.Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Positiveeffectsofdoingexercise. B.Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.C.Experimentalstudiesondementia. D.Advantagesofsportywomenovermen.2.Whydidtheresearchersaskthewomentodobicycleexercise?A.Topredicttheirmaximumheartrate. B.Toassesstheircardiovascularcapacity.C.Tochangetheirhabitofworkingout. D.Todetecttheirpotentialhealthproblems.3.WhatdoweknowaboutDrH?rder’sstudy?A.Itaimedtofindacurefordementia. B.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit. D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MoreWomenAreExercisingtoPreventDementiaB.Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExerciseC.FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementiaD.BikingImprovesWomen’sCardiovascularFitness【解析】

一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，保持身體健康的中年女性晚年患失智癥的可能性能夠降低將近90%。1.A理解具體信息根據(jù)第一段首句"Thebenefitsofregularexercise...theever-growinglist"可知，定期鍛煉的好處在不斷增加，故選A。2.B理解具體信息根據(jù)題干中的"bicycleexercise"可將解題信息定位至第三段，該段的"191womenwithanaverageageof50...measuretheirpeak(最大值的)cardiovascularcapacity"表明，研究者們要求女士們完成騎自行車測(cè)試是為了評(píng)估她們的心血管能力。3.B推斷根據(jù)第五段首句"Thesewomenwerethentested...thefollowingfourdecades"和下文中的"44ofthewomendevelopeddementia""Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia""25percentofthewomen...withlowfitness"等內(nèi)容可知，研究者們?cè)谶M(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)40年的跟蹤測(cè)試后得到了研究數(shù)據(jù)。由此可推斷，該研究的數(shù)據(jù)收集過程很長(zhǎng)。4.C理解主旨要義(標(biāo)題判斷)閱讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中的"Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfit...adecadelaterthanlesssportywomen"可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究，該研究表明保持身體健康的中年女性晚年患失智癥的可能性能夠降低將近90%。故C項(xiàng)能概括文章大意，作標(biāo)題最佳?！径尉x】

核心單詞：documentv.記錄，記載

n.文件，公文，文獻(xiàn)，證件sportyadj.喜愛運(yùn)動(dòng)的，擅長(zhǎng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的capacityn.能力；容積；生產(chǎn)量，生產(chǎn)能力criterian.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，準(zhǔn)則，原則associationn.因果關(guān)系；聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系；社團(tuán)，協(xié)會(huì)applicableadj.適合的，適用的Passage4話題：情商主題語境：人與社會(huì)詞數(shù)：約290

難度：★★★★☆思辨型選材[2021新高考Ⅰ卷·D]Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest. B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills. D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.2.Whydoestheauthormention"doctor"and"cheater"inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.

B.Toclarifyaconcept. C.Topresentafact.

D.Tomakeaprediction.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.

B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.

D.Unclear.4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.

B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.

D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【解析】

在某些情況下，情商的普及改變了其原來的含義。情感技巧可以促成我們身上一些優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)的形成,情商的普及總體上利大于弊，同時(shí)作者也希望未來對(duì)情感的研究可以更科學(xué)、更學(xué)術(shù)一些，希望科技的進(jìn)步能為此類研究提供新的視角。1.D理解具體信息根據(jù)第一段中的"Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirable...‘peopleskills’"可知，許多人錯(cuò)誤地把情商看作一個(gè)人身上幾乎所有的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，故D項(xiàng)正確。2.B